| Sumatran tropical pine forests | |
|---|---|
 Sumatran pine tree (Pinus merkusii) over Lake Toba | |
 Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Indomalayan |
| Biome | tropical and subtropical coniferous forests |
| Borders | |
| Geography | |
| Area | 2,748 km (1,061 sq mi) |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Conservation | |
| Conservation status | Vulnerable |
| Protected | 1,090 km (40%) |
The Sumatran tropical pine forests is a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Location and description
These pine forests are found on the higher slopes of Sumatra, especially in the north of the island near Lake Toba and along the Barisan Mountains, including the tall Mount Leuser. With 2500mm of rainfall per year, the pine forests have a tropical rainforest climate but are drier than the thick rainforest areas lower down the slopes, especially on the drier eastern aspects of the mountains.
Flora
This ecoregion is one of the rare areas of pine forest in the tropics with the dominant species Sumatran pine (Pinus merkusii), which has become established in areas where rainforest has been disturbed throughout history by events including landslides and forest fires, as well as human clearance. Forest fire is an ongoing and continuous feature of the life-cycle of the forest.
Fauna
There is less wildlife here than in the rainforest that covers most of the island, and there are no endemic mammals, but there are still a number of near-endemic species, including birds like the Sunda robin.
Threats and preservation
The pine forests of the higher areas are less vulnerable to clearance than the valuable hardwood rainforests lower down, and furthermore, a third of them are within the Kerinci Seblat and other national parks.
See also
References
- Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
- "Sumatran tropical pine forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC.
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