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(Redirected from Sun-Joffe Manifesto)
1923 agreement between China and the Soviet Union
Sun–Joffe Manifesto or the Joint Manifesto of Sun and Joffe (孫文越飛宣言) was an agreement signed between Sun Yat-sen and Adolph Joffe on January 26, 1923, for the cooperation of Republic of China's Kuomintang and Soviet Union. The manifesto asserted that the Soviet system was not suitable for China and announced in general terms the willingness of Soviet to co-operate with the KMT in its struggle to unify China.
Joffe would not settle the question of Outer Mongolia or the Chinese Far Eastern Railway but was successful in establishing a political relations with Sun Yat-sen. On January 26, 1923, Sun and Joffe issued the manifesto, which became the foundation of co-operation between the Kuomintang and Soviet Union. In July 1923, Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek to Russia to study Soviet military and political conditions. The Chinese Communist Party had been established only in July 1921, just a year before the signing. Sources have pointed out that the most crucial decision made in Sun's life to align the KMT with the Soviets and the Chinese Communists.
^ Tung, William L. (1968). The political institutions of modern China. Springer publishing. ISBN9789024705528. p 92.
^ Howard, Richard C. Boorman, Howard L. Cheng, Joseph K. H. (1979). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. ISBN9780231089579. p 182.