Misplaced Pages

Sun–Joffe Manifesto

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
(Redirected from Sun-Joffe Manifesto) 1923 agreement between China and the Soviet Union
Part of a series on the
Chinese Communist
Revolution
Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
Mao Zedong and leading revolutionaries proclaim the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Outline of the Chinese Civil War
Origins
Context
Ideas
Movements
Early history
First United Front
Labor organizing
Northern Expedition
Civil War
Aftermath of purge
Internal Purges
Chinese Soviet Republic
Second United Front
Second Sino-Japanese War
Communist base areas
Resumed Civil War
Military conflict
Urban support for Communists
Forming the People's Republic
Government
Reforms
Foreign relations
Legacy

flag China portal

Communism portal

Sun–Joffe Manifesto or the Joint Manifesto of Sun and Joffe (孫文越飛宣言) was an agreement signed between Sun Yat-sen and Adolph Joffe on January 26, 1923, for the cooperation of Republic of China's Kuomintang and Soviet Union. The manifesto asserted that the Soviet system was not suitable for China and announced in general terms the willingness of Soviet to co-operate with the KMT in its struggle to unify China.

Background

In 1918, Georgy Chicherin of the Soviet Union Council of the People's Commissars announced Soviet intention to relinquish Russian rights and privileges acquired in China. A formal note to open negotiations was sent to the Chinese Foreign Minister in Beijing on October 27, 1920. The Bolsheviks sent M.I. Yurin, Alexander Paikes and Adolph Joffe.

Signing

Joffe would not settle the question of Outer Mongolia or the Chinese Far Eastern Railway but was successful in establishing a political relations with Sun Yat-sen. On January 26, 1923, Sun and Joffe issued the manifesto, which became the foundation of co-operation between the Kuomintang and Soviet Union. In July 1923, Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek to Russia to study Soviet military and political conditions. The Chinese Communist Party had been established only in July 1921, just a year before the signing. Sources have pointed out that the most crucial decision made in Sun's life to align the KMT with the Soviets and the Chinese Communists.

See also

References

  1. ^ Tung, William L. (1968). The political institutions of modern China. Springer publishing. ISBN 9789024705528. p 92.
  2. ^ Howard, Richard C. Boorman, Howard L. Cheng, Joseph K. H. (1979). Biographical dictionary of Republican China, Volume 3. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231089579. p 182.
Chinese Civil War
Principal belligerents and campaigns
Nationalist Party / Taiwan National Government ( National Revolutionary Army) Taiwan Constitutional ROC Government (ROC Armed Forces) Taiwan Republic of China on Taiwan

Communist Party / Soviet Republic ( Red Army) Liberated Area ( 8th Route Army, New Fourth Army, etc. People's Liberation Army)  People's Republic of China

Pre-1945Post-1945
1923 Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1924 First United Front
1926 Canton Coup
1927–1949 Chinese Communist Revolution
1927 Nanking incident
Shanghai Commune
Shanghai massacre
Nanjing–Wuhan split
715 Incident
Little Long March
Nanchang uprising
Autumn Harvest Uprising
Guangzhou Uprising
1930–1934 Encirclement campaigns
1931–1934 Chinese Soviet Republic
1933–1934 Fujian People's Government
1934–1936 Long March
1936 Xi'an Incident
1937–1946 Second United Front (Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists)
1941 New Fourth Army incident
1944 Dixie Mission
1945 Chongqing Negotiations
Double Tenth Agreement
Retrocession of Taiwan
1946 Jiaochangkou Incident
Peiping rape case
1945–1947 Marshall Mission
1945–1949 Operation Beleaguer
1947 Yu Zisan Incident
1948 SS Kiangya incident
Liaoshen campaign
1948–1949 Huaihai campaign
Pingjin campaign
1949 Taiping Steamer Incident
Yangtze River Crossing campaign
Amethyst Incident
ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1949–1953 Bombing of Shanghai
1950 Hainan Island campaign
Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1950–1958 Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1961–1972 Project National Glory
Categories: