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SuperWASP

SuperWASP-South cameras on Optical Mechanics, Inc. equatorial mount
Alternative names	Wide Angle Search for Planets
Location(s)	Spain, South Africa
Coordinates	28°45′37″N 17°52′45″W / 28.7602°N 17.8793°W / 28.7602; -17.8793
Telescope style	astronomical survey
Replaced	WASP exoplanets
Website	www.superwasp.org
Related media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

WASP or Wide Angle Search for Planets is an international consortium of several academic organisations performing an ultra-wide angle search for exoplanets using transit photometry. The array of robotic telescopes aims to survey the entire sky, simultaneously monitoring many thousands of stars at an apparent visual magnitude from about 7 to 13.

WASP is the detection program composed of the Isaac Newton Group, IAC and six universities from the United Kingdom. The two continuously operating, robotic observatories cover the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively. SuperWASP-North is at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the mountain of that name which dominates La Palma in the Canary Islands. WASP-South is at the South African Astronomical Observatory, Sutherland in the arid Roggeveld Mountains of South Africa. These use eight wide-angle cameras that simultaneously monitor the sky for planetary transit events and allow the monitoring of millions of stars simultaneously, enabling the detection of rare transit events.

Instruments used for follow-up characterization employing doppler spectroscopy to determine the exoplanet's mass include the HARPS spectrograph of ESO's 3.6-metre telescope as well as the Swiss Euler Telescope, both located at La Silla Observatory, Chile. WASP's design has also been adopted by the Next-Generation Transit Survey. As of 2016, the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia data base contains a total of 2,107 extrasolar planets of which 118 were discoveries by WASP.

Equipment

WASP consists of two robotic observatories; SuperWASP-North at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma in the Canaries and WASP-South at the South African Astronomical Observatory, South Africa. Each observatory consists of an array of eight Canon 200 mm f1.8 lenses backed by high quality 2048 × 2048 science-grade CCDs, the model used is the iKon-L manufactured by Andor Technology. The telescopes are mounted on an equatorial telescope mount built by Optical Mechanics, Inc. The large field of view of the Canon lenses gives each observatory a massive sky coverage of 490 square degrees per pointing.

Function

The observatories continuously monitor the sky, taking a set of images approximately once per minute, gathering up to 100 gigabytes of data per night. By using the transit method, data collected from WASP can be used to measure the brightness of each star in each image, and small dips in brightness caused by large planets passing in front of their parent stars can be searched for.

One of the main purpose of WASP was to revolutionize the understanding of planet formation, paving the way for future space missions searching for 'Earth'-like worlds.

Structure

WASP is operated by a consortium of academic institutions which include:

• Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
• Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes
• Keele University
• Open University
• Queen's University Belfast
• St. Andrews University
• University of Leicester
• Warwick University.

On 26 September 2006, the team reported the discovery of two extrasolar planets: WASP-1b (orbiting at 0.038 AU (6 million km) from star once every 2.5 days) and WASP-2b (orbiting three-quarters that radius once every 2 days).

On 31 October 2007, the team reported the discovery of three extrasolar planets: WASP-3b, WASP-4b and WASP-5b. All three planets are similar to Jovian mass and are so close to their respective stars that their orbital periods are all less than two days. These are among the shortest orbital periods discovered. The surface temperatures of the planets should be more than 2000 degrees Celsius, owing to their short distances from their respective stars. The WASP‑4b and WASP-5b are the first planets discovered by the cameras and researchers in South Africa. WASP-3b is the third planet discovered by the equivalent in La Palma.

In August 2009, the discovery of WASP-17b was announced, believed to be the first planet ever discovered to orbit in the opposite direction to the spin of its star, WASP-17.

Discoveries and follow-up observations

• WASP-9b was determined to be a false positive after its initial public announcement as a planet, and the identifier was not subsequently reassigned to a real planetary system.

See also

• Lists of exoplanets
• Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
• South African Astronomical Observatory
• Science and Technology Facilities Council
• V1400 Centauri (SWASP J1407b)

Other extrasolar planet search projects

• Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey or TrES
• XO Telescope or XO
• Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope or KELT
• Next-Generation Transit Survey or NGTS
• HATNet Project or HAT

Extrasolar planet searching spacecraft

• CoRoT – European space telescope that operated between 2006 - 2014
• Kepler space telescope – NASA space telescope for exoplanetology (2009–2018)
• Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite – NASA satellite of the Explorer program

References

1. Pollacco, D. L.; Skillen, I.; Collier Cameron, A.; Christian, D. J.; Hellier, C.; Irwin, J.; Lister, T. A.; Street, R. A.; West, R. G.; Anderson, D. R.; Clarkson, W. I.; Deeg, H.; Enoch, B.; Evans, A.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Haswell, C. A.; Hodgkin, S.; Horne, K.; Kane, S. R.; Keenan, F. P.; Maxted, P. F. L.; Norton, A. J.; Osborne, J.; Parley, N. R.; Ryans, R. S. I.; Smalley, B.; Wheatley, P. J.; Wilson, D. M. (2016). "The WASP Project and the SuperWASP Cameras". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 118 (848): 1407–1418. arXiv:astro-ph/0608454. Bibcode:2006PASP..118.1407P. doi:10.1086/508556. S2CID 24601511.
2. "SuperWASP Survey Information". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. 5 February 2015.
3. Queloz, D.; Anderson, D. R.; Collier Cameron, A.; Gillon, M.; Hebb, L.; Hellier, C.; Maxted, P.; Pepe, F.; Pollacco, D.; Ségransan, D.; Smalley, B.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Udry, S.; West, R. (2010). "WASP-8b: a retrograde transiting planet in a multiple system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 517: L1. arXiv:1006.5089. Bibcode:2010A&A...517L...1Q. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014768. S2CID 35774603.
4. "Searching for Super-Earths" (PDF). Queen's University. 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
5. "Catalog". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
6. "Technical". 16 December 2013.
7. "Home". andor.com.
8. "OMI News". Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
9. Current status of the SuperWASP project Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, D. J. Christian et al.
10. "Hubble observes exoplanet atmosphere in more detail than ever before". spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
11. Collier Cameron, A; Bouchy, F; Hébrard, G; Maxted, P; Pollacco, D; Pont, F; Skillen, I; Smalley, B; Street, R. A; West, R. G; Wilson, D. M; Aigrain, S; Christian, D. J; Clarkson, W. I; Enoch, B; Evans, A; Fitzsimmons, A; Fleenor, M; Gillon, M; Haswell, C. A; Hebb, L; Hellier, C; Hodgkin, S. T; Horne, K; Irwin, J; Kane, S. R; Keenan, F. P; Loeillet, B; Lister, T. A; et al. (2007). "WASP-1b and WASP-2b: Two new transiting exoplanets detected with SuperWASP and SOPHIE". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 375 (3): 951–957. arXiv:astro-ph/0609688. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.375..951C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11350.x. S2CID 735515.
12. Lendl, M; Triaud, A. H. M. J; Anderson, D. R; Collier Cameron, A; Delrez, L; Doyle, A. P; Gillon, M; Hellier, C; Jehin, E; Maxted, P. F. L; Neveu-Vanmalle, M; Pepe, F; Pollacco, D; Queloz, D; Ségransan, D; Smalley, B; Smith, A. M. S; Udry, S; Van Grootel, V; West, R. G (2014). "WASP-117b: A 10-day-period Saturn in an eccentric and misaligned orbit". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 568: A81. arXiv:1406.6942. Bibcode:2014A&A...568A..81L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424481. S2CID 54605901.
13. Lam, K. W. F; Faedi, F; Brown, D. J. A; Anderson, D. R; Delrez, L; Gillon, M; Hébrard, G; Lendl, M; Mancini, L; Southworth, J; Smalley, B; Triaud, A. H. M; Turner, O. D; Hay, K. L; Armstrong, D. J; Barros, S. C. C; Bonomo, A. S; Bouchy, F; Boumis, P; Collier Cameron, A; Doyle, A. P; Hellier, C; Henning, T; Jehin, E; King, G; Kirk, J; Louden, T; Maxted, P. F. L; McCormac, J. J; et al. (2017). "From dense hot Jupiter to low-density Neptune: The discovery of WASP-127b, WASP-136b, and WASP-138b". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 599 (3): A3. arXiv:1607.07859. Bibcode:2017A&A...599A...3L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629403. S2CID 5953163.
14. Cunha, D.; Figuera, P.; Santos, N. C.; Lovis, C.; Boue, G. (2013). "Impact of stellar companions on precise radial velocities". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 550: A75. arXiv:1212.2848. Bibcode:2013A&A...550A..75C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220083. S2CID 53955379.

External links

• WASP Planets
• WASP primary website
• WASP-South live status Archived 25 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine
• Public archive at the NASA Exoplanet Archive
• The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia

News items

• QUB in April 2008
• Reaching for the stars in October 2007
• BBC News report: Planets have scientists buzzing in September 2006

Video clips

• Keele University
• McCormac, James. "Planet Hunting". Deep Space Videos. Brady Haran.

v t e Exoplanet search projects
Exoplanetology Exoplanet
Ground-based	AAPS APF CORALIE EAPSNet ELODIE EPICS ESPRESSO FINDS Exo-Earths Geneva HARPS HARPS-N GPI HATNet HEK HiCIAO HIRES KELT LCES Magellan MARVELS MASCARA MEarth MicroFUN MINERVA Australis MOA N2K NGTS NESSI OGLE OPSP PlanetPol Project 1640 PARAS SEEDS SETI SOPHIE SPECULOOS SPHERE SuperWASP Systemic TrES XO Telescope ZIMPOL/CHEOPS
Space missions	Past MOST (2003–2019) SWEEPS using HST (2006) CoRoT (2006–2013) EPOXI using Deep Impact (2008–2013) Kepler (2009–2018) detected exoplanets ASTERIA (2017–2020) Current Gaia (2013–present) TESS (2018–present) CHEOPS (2019–present) Hayabusa2 (2021–present) James Webb Space Telescope (2021–present) Planned PLATO (2026) ARIEL (2029) Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (mid-2020s) Proposed EXCEDE HabEx LIFE LUVOIR Nautilus Deep Space Observatory New Worlds Mission OST PEGASE Cancelled Darwin EChO Eddington Space Interferometry Mission Terrestrial Planet Finder
Related	Detection methods Discoveries of exoplanets Habitable zone for complex life Lists of exoplanets nearest
Category Commons

• Astronomy
• Stars
• Spaceflight
• Outer space
• Solar System

• Wide Angle Search for Planets
• Exoplanet search projects by small telescope
• Astronomical surveys
• Robotic telescopes
• Astronomical observatories in South Africa
• Astronomical observatories in La Palma
• Astronomy organizations