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Syama Sastri
Born	Venkata Subrahmanya (1762-04-26)26 April 1762 Thiruvarur, Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
Died	1827 (aged 64–65)
Other names	Syama Krishna
Occupation	Carnatic music composer

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Śruti Svara Rāga Tāḷa Mēḷakarta Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta
Compositions
Gītaṃ Svarajati Varṇaṃ Kr̥ti Kīrtana Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi Tillana
Instruments
Melody Sarasvati Vīṇā Veṇu Nādasvaraṃ Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā) Violin Percussion Mr̥daṅgaṃ Ghaṭaṃ Morsing Kanjira Thavil Drone Tambura Shruti box
Composers Glossary
v t e

Syama Sastri (Telugu : శ్యామ శాస్త్రి; IAST: Śyāma Śāstri; 26 April 1762 – 1827) or Shyama Shastri was a musician and composer of Carnatic music. He was the oldest among the Trinity of Carnatic music, Tyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshitar being the other two.

Early life and career

Syama Sastri, whose birth name was Venkata Subrahmanya, was born on 26 April 1762 in a Telugu Brahmin family. He was also known as one of the trinity of carnatic music. To later generations, he is better known by his adopted name Syama Sastri or by his musical mudra (signature) Syama Krishna. He was born in Tiruvarur, in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu. He received his instruction in the vedas, astrology, and other traditional subjects early on and learned music from his maternal uncle. He was later trained in music by Adiappayya, a noted durbar musician of Thanjavur.

Although Śyāma Śastri did not compose as many kritis as his two prolific contemporaries, his compositions are still well known due to the literary, melodic and rhythmic proficiency observed in them. It is said that he composed about three hundred pieces in all.

He did not have many disciples to propagate his compositions, nor was the printing press widely accessible during his time. More importantly, the scholarly nature of his compositions made them more appealing to the learned than to the lay. Additionally, they feature a more formal form of Telugu which borrows heavily from Sanskrit. In contrast, Tyagaraja composes in generally more colloquial dialect of Telugu.

There are also a number of krithis in Tamil attributed to him. Most of his compositions propitiate the Goddess Kamakshi.

He composed kritis, varṇa(s) and svarajati(s) with the ankita or mudra (signature) Śyāma Krishna. He was probably the first to compose in a new form of the svarajati musical genre, where the compositions could be rendered solely in a singing or instrumental manner. Prior to this, the svarajati was primarily a dance form, and was close in structure to the dance Varṇaṃ (padavarṇaṃ).

His set of three famous svarajati(s) are intended to be sung in concert rather than danced, and are sometimes referred to as "Ratnatrayam" (Three jewels). They are Kāmākṣhī Anudinamu, Kāmākṣhī Padayugamē, and Rāvē himagiri kumāri, composed in the ragas Bhairavi, Yadukula kambhoji and Todi respectively. The former two are set to Miśra Cāpu Tāḷa, while the third is set to Ādi Tāḷa.

He is known for his ability to compose in the most complex of tāḷas.

Legacy

Sastri had a number of disciples who excelled at the art. Alasur Krishna Iyer became a musician at the royal durbar in Mysore. Porambur Krishna Iyer popularised many of his guru's works. Another disciple, Talagambadi Panchanada Iyer also made his mark as a composer. Another disciple named Dasari gained fame as a noted nāgaswaram player. His son, named Subbaraaya Shaastree, was also a notable composer.

Compositions

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Some of his better known compositions are listed below.

Svara Jati

Kriti

See also

• List of Carnatic composers

Notes

References

1. "Thiruvaiyaru Thyagaraja Aradhana". Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
2. P. Sambamoorthy (1962). Great Composers. Indian Music Publishing House. pp. 69–94.
3. "SYAMA SASTRI (1762 - 1827 ) - PART 1". Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
4. Rajagopalan, N. (1994). A Garland: A Biographical Dictionary of Carnatic Composers and Musicians. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 264.
5. Ramakrishna, Lalita (2003). Musical Heritage of India. Shubhi Publication. p. 176. ISBN 978-81-87226-61-1.
6. "SMA Article: Shyama Shastri - A Blessed Composer".
7. ^ OEMI:SS.
8. ^ Foltinek, Herbert (2005). Imagination All Compact. How did Charles Dickens Compose His Novels?. doi:10.1553/0x0007eaf1. ISBN 978-3-7001-3528-9.
9. Kausalya, Rama (28 September 2017). "On how Syama Sastri worhsipped the Goddess through his songs". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
10. "Ambal blesses Syama Sastri". The Hindu. 10 May 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
11. V, Sriram (18 July 2019). "Songs in praise of Kanchi Varada". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
12. Madan Gopal (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 231.
13. "Famous Carnatic Composers - SS". karnATik. Karnatik. 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

Sources

• "Śyāma Śāstri". The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
• Fuller, C. J.; Narasimhan, Haripriya (11 November 2014). Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15288-2.

External links

• Compositions of Syama Sastri

• Carnatic composers
• Telugu people
• Performers of Hindu music
• 1762 births
• 1827 deaths
• People from Tiruvarur district