For a more in-depth textual description of some of these formats, see Floppy disk variants.
This is a list of different floppy disk formats.
Physical formats
Size | Density | Sides | Tracks | tpi | bpi | Sectoring | Coercivity | Unformatted capacity per side |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 inch Video Floppy | 52 | 256 | >800 kB or 50 fields of analog video | |||||
2 inch LT-1 | double | 80 | 245 | |||||
21⁄2 inch | Single | 16 | 48 | 64 kB | ||||
3 inch QuickDisk | ||||||||
3.25 inch | single | 1 | 80 | 140 | 4,625 | 250 kB | ||
double | 9,250 | 500 kB | ||||||
31⁄2 inch | Single | 2 | 40 | 67.5 | 8,650 | soft | 665 Oe | 250 kB |
Double | 80 | 135 | 8,717 | 665 Oe | 500 kB | |||
High | 80 | 135 | 17,434 | 720-750 Oe | 1 MB | |||
Extended | 80 | 135 | 34,868 | 900 Oe | 2 MB | |||
Triple | 240 | 406.5 | 36,700 | 6.5 MB | ||||
4 inch DemiDiskette | 1 | |||||||
51⁄4 inch | Single/Double | 2 | 40 | 48 | 5,876 | soft or hard | 300 Oe | 250 kB |
Quad | 77 | 100 | 300 Oe | 500 kB (Micropolis-compatible) | ||||
Quad | 80 | 96 | 5,922 | 300 Oe | 500 kB | |||
High | 80 | 96 | 9,646 | soft | 600 Oe | 833 kB | ||
EH | 104 | 125 | 29,560 | 6.5 MB | ||||
51⁄4 inch
Apple FileWare |
Double | 2 | 80 | 62.5 | soft | 851 kiB | ||
8 inch | Single | 77 | 48 | 3,268-3,408 | soft or hard (inner edge) | 300 Oe | 1 MB | |
Double | 6,816 | 1 MB | ||||||
HD | 154 | 96 | 20,560 | 600 Oe | 9.6 MB | |||
8 inch Memorex FD | 650 | 1 | 50 | 2,400 | hard (outer edge) | 1.5 Mb | ||
651 | 64 | 3,100 | 2.5 Mb | |||||
8 inch Burroughs | Double | 2 | 139 | 150 | 7,100 | 2 |
Logical formats
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many different logical disk formats were used, depending on the hardware platform.
Platform | Size | Density | Sides | Tracks/ side | Sectors/ track | Bytes/ sector | Sectoring | Capacity | rpm | Encoding | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acorn | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 40 | 10 | 256 | soft | 100 kB | 300 | FM | |
80 | 200 kB | ||||||||||
Double | 1 | 40 | 16 | 256 | 160 kB | MFM | |||||
80 | 320 kB | ||||||||||
2 | 640 kB | ||||||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 16 | 256 | 640 kB | 300 | MFM | Format L: MOS (Electron, Master Compact) | ||
5 | 1024 | 800 kB |
| ||||||||
High | 10 | 1,600 kB | Format F: RISC OS 3 and later. Archimedes models before the A5000 require an upgraded floppy drive. | ||||||||
Agat | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 21 | 256 | 840 kB | 300 | MFM | ||
Amstrad CPC/PCW | 3 inch | Double | 1 | 40 | 9 | 512 | 180 kB | 300 | MFM | Single head drive, but double-sided floppy discs (total of 360 kB per floppy) | |
Amstrad PCW8512/9512 | 3 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 9 | 512 | 720 kB | 300 | MFM | 720 kB mode uses both sides - ensure disc inserted correct way up. | |
Apple II | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 35 | 13 | 256 | soft | 113.75 kB | 300 | GCR | |
1 | 16 | 140 kB | |||||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 1 | 80 | Variable (8-12) | 512 | 400 kB | 394 - 590 | GCR | |||
2 | 800 kB | ||||||||||
High | 2 | 80 | 18 | 512 | 1,440 kB | 300 | MFM | ||||
Apple Lisa | 51⁄4 inch FileWare | Double | 2 | 46 | Variable (15-22) | 512 | soft | 851 kB | 218 - 320 | GCR | |
Apple Lisa 2/Macintosh XL,
Macintosh |
31⁄2 inch | Double | 1 | 80 | Variable (8-12) | 512 | soft | 400 kB | 394 - 590 | GCR | |
Apple Macintosh | 2 | 800 kB | |||||||||
High | 2 | 80 | 18 | 512 | 1,440 kB | 300 | MFM | ||||
Atari 8-bit | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 40 | 18 | 128 | soft | 90 kB | 288 | FM | |
Dual | 26 | 128 | 130 kB | MFM | |||||||
Double | 18 | 256 | 180 kB | ||||||||
Double | 2 | 18 | 256 | 360 kB | 300 | ||||||
Atari ST/TT/Falcon | 31⁄2 inch | Double | 1 | 80 | 9 | 512 | soft | 360 kB | 300 | MFM | |
2 | 720 kB | ||||||||||
High | 18 | 1,440 kB | |||||||||
Coleco ADAM | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 40 | 8 | 512 | soft | 160 kB | 300 | MFM | |
Commodore 64 (8-bit) | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 35 | Variable (17-21) ZCAV | 256 | soft | 170 kB | 300 | GCR | |
2 | 340 kB | ||||||||||
Quad | 1 | 77 | Variable (23-29) ZCAV | 521 kB | |||||||
2 | 1,042 kB | ||||||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 10 | 512 | 800 kB | MFM | ||||
Commodore Amiga | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 2 | 40 | 11 | 512 | soft | 440 kB | 300 | MFM | |
Quad | 80 | 880 kB | |||||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 880 kB | |||||||||
High | 19 | 1,520 kB | GCR | ||||||||
22 | 1,760 kB | 150 | MFM | ||||||||
Commodore 900 | 51⁄4 inch | High | 2 | 80 | 13-16 | 512 | Soft | 1,200kB | ? | GCR | https://vintagecomputer.ca/files/Commodore/C900/C900%20Floppy%20Specification.pdf |
IBM 33FD | 8 inch | Single | 1 | 77 | 26 | 128 | 240.5 kiB | 360 | FM | Diskette 1 | |
15 | 256 | 277.5 kiB | |||||||||
8 | 512 | 296 kiB | |||||||||
IBM 43FD | 2 | 26 | 128 | 481 kiB | Diskette 2 | ||||||
15 | 256 | 555 kiB | |||||||||
IBM 53FD | Double | 26 | 256 | 962 kiB | MFM | Diskette 2D | |||||
15 | 512 | 1.08 MiB | |||||||||
8 | 1,024 | 1.16 MiB | |||||||||
DEC RX01 | 8 inch | Single | 1 | 77 | 26 | 128 | 250 kB | 360 | FM | ||
DEC RX02 | 8 inch | Double | 1 | 77 | 26 | 256 | 500 kB | 360 | FM/MFM | ||
DEC RX50 | 51⁄4 inch | Quad | 1 | 80 | 10 | 512 | 400 kB | 300 | MFM | ||
IBM PC compatibles | 8 inch | Single | 1 | 77 | 26 | 128 | soft | 250.25 kB | 360 | FM | |
2 | 500.5 kB | ||||||||||
Double | 1 | 8 | 1,024 | 616 kB | MFM | ||||||
2 | 1,232 kB | ||||||||||
51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 40 | 8 | 512 | 160 kB | 300 | MFM | |||
2 | 320 kB | ||||||||||
1 | 9 | 180 kB | |||||||||
2 | 360 kB | ||||||||||
Quad | 1 | 80 | 8 | 320 kB | 300 | ||||||
2 | 640 kB | ||||||||||
High | 2 | 80 | 15 | 1,200 kB | 360 | ||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 1 | 80 | 8 | 512 | 320 kB | 300 | MFM | |||
9 | 360 kB | ||||||||||
2 | 8 | 640 kB | |||||||||
9 | 720 kB | ||||||||||
High | 18 | 1,440 kB | |||||||||
21 | 1,680 kB | DMF | |||||||||
82 | 1,720 kB | ||||||||||
Extended | 80 | 36 | 2,880 kB | ||||||||
MGT SAM Coupé | 31⁄2 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 10 | 512 | 800 kB | 300 | MFM | ||
NEC PC98 | 8 inch | Single | 1 | 77 | 26 | 128 | 250.25 kB | 360 | FM | ||
Double | 2 | 77 | 8 | 1,024 | 1,232 kB | MFM | |||||
51⁄4 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 8 | 512 | 640 kB | 360 | MFM | |||
9 | 720 kB | ||||||||||
High | 15 | 1,200 kB | |||||||||
77 (80) | 8 | 1,024 | 1,232 (1,280) kB | ||||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 8 | 512 | 640 kB | 360 | MFM | |||
9 | 720 kB | ||||||||||
High | 15 | 1,200 kB | 3-mode | ||||||||
77 (80) | 8 | 1,024 | 1,232 (1280) kB | ||||||||
80 | 18 | 512 | 1.44 MB | 300 | |||||||
Triple | 240 | 38 | 512 | 9,120 kB | 360 | NEC PC-88 VA3 2TD drive only | |||||
Osborne 1 | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 40 | 10 | 256 | soft | 100 kB | 300 | FM | |
Double | 5 | 1,024 | 200 kB | MFM | |||||||
Sega SF-7000 | 3 inch | Single | 2 | 40 | 16 | 256 | 160 kB | ? | ? | Expansion unit for SC-3000 home computer. Capacity is per side.
| |
SHARP X68000 | 51⁄4 inch | High | 2 | 77 | 8 | 1,024 | 1,232 kB | 360 | MFM | ||
31⁄2 inch | |||||||||||
SHARP CE-1600F, CE-140F | 21⁄2 inch | Single | drive: 1, diskette: 2 (flippable) | 16 | 8 | 512 | 2× 64 kB | 270 | GCR (4/5) | Internally based on FDU-250 Micro Floppy Disk Drive Unit | |
Thomson | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 40 | 16 | 128 | 80 kB | 300 | FM | Thomson UD90.070 | |
Double | 2 | 256 | 320 kB | MFM | Thomson DD90-320 | ||||||
31⁄2 inch | Double | 1 | 80 | 16 | 256 | 320 kB | 300 | MFM | Thomson TO9, Thomson DD09-350 | ||
Double | 2 | 640 kB | Thomson TO8D, TO9+, Thomson DD90-352 | ||||||||
Victor 9000 / ACT Sirius 1 | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 80 | 11-19 (variable) | 512 | 612 kB | 252-417 (variable) | GCR | Disks varied sectors / track and disk speed to keep consistent bit density across tracks | |
Double | 2 | 512 | 1,196 kB | ||||||||
Tandy TRS-80 | 51⁄4 inch | Single | 1 | 35 | 10 | 256 | soft | 88 kB | 300 | FM | Model 1/3/4 |
51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 40 | 18 | 256 | 180 kB | MFM | Model 1/3/4P | |||
51⁄4 inch | Double | 2 | 40 | 18 | 256 | 360 kB | MFM | Model 4D | |||
8 inch | Double | 1 | 77 | 26 | 256 | 500 kB | MFM | Model 2 | |||
31⁄2 inch | Single | 1 | 40 | 2 | 1,280 | 100 kB | FM | Tandy Portable Disk Drive (aka Brother FB-100, knitking FD-19) | |||
31⁄2 inch | Single | 1 | 80 | 2 | 1,280 | 200 kB | FM | Used only in Tandy Portable Disk Drive 2 | |||
51⁄4 inch | Double | 1 | 35 | 18 | 256 | 157 kB | MFM | Color Computer | |||
HP 9114A | 31⁄2 inch | Double | 2 | 80 | 16 | 256 | 128-710kB | 600 | MFM | Used with HP 110 and Portable Series 40 & 70 | |
HP 9895A | 8 inch | Double | 2 | 77 | 29 | 256 | 1.18 MB | 360 | MFM | ||
HP 9130K | 51⁄4 inch | Double | 2 | 35 | 16 | 256 | 286 kB | 300 | MFM | ||
Burroughs MD122 | 8 inch | Double | 2 | 139 | 44 | 256 | soft | 6.26 MB | 524 | MFM | |
Memorex 650 | 8 inch | single | 1 | 50 | 8 | 3,500 b | hard | 1.4 Mb | 375 | FM | |
Memorex 651 | single | 64 | 32 | 1.056 b | 2.2 Mb |
Platform | Size | Density | Side | Track | Sector | Byte | Sectoring | Capacity | RPM | Encoding | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commodore 128 (CP/M) | 5 1/4 | Double | 2 | 40 | 26 | 128 | Soft | 260K | 300 | MFM | Commodore 1571 |
16 | 256 | 320K | |||||||||
9 | 512 | 360K | |||||||||
5 | 1,024 | 400K |
https://www.c64-wiki.com/Commodore_1571
https://vintagecomputer.ca/files/Commodore/C900/C900%20Floppy%20Specification.pdf
See also
- Zip drive (floppy-like, but incompatible medium using different technology)
- PocketZip (floppy-like, but incompatible medium using different technology)
- SuperDisk (floppy-like with drives also compatible with 3.5" floppy disks)
- Magneto-optical drive (floppy-like, but incompatible medium using different technology)
Notes
- Custom controller with unique track layout.
- 16 sector filesystems require a compatible disk controller (PROM update) and Apple DOS 3.3 or later.
- Apple II double-density 31⁄2-inch (90 mm) drives use variable sectors sizes (tracks 00-15: 12 sectors, tracks 16-31: 11 sectors, tracks 32-47: 10 sectors, tracks 48-63: 9 sectors, tracks 64-79: 8 sectors), 394 rpm to 590 rpm.
- Apple II high-density 31⁄2-inch (90 mm) drives require a compatible disk controller and ProDOS 8.
- Third party drives offer up to 1440 KB.
- Commodore floppy drives used a fixed rotation speed with variable sector density (see: Zone bit recording).
- This format was used by the Amiga 1020 external floppy drive and some third-party drives connected to the normal Amiga floppy drive bus.
- ^ Though the Amiga used MFM, the format places sectors too close together for a standard IBM PC compatible floppy disk controller to read (appearing as one 5632-byte physical sector per track).
- Format used by rare third-party drives with quad density disks; such drives were usually switchable between 80-track and 40-track (A1520/PC-compatible) operation.
- Format used by third-party gcrdisk.device driver in order to use PC-standard HD floppy drives (which rotated at a fixed 300 rpm) via the Amiga floppy drive bus. The Amiga's floppy controller could not keep up with the data rate needed for MFM recording on HD floppies without reducing rotational speed, so the third party driver used an alternate GCR mode.
- ^ The calculated formatted capacity is based on FAT12 format.
- While IBM didn't include an 8-inch floppy drive option on any of their PCs and PC DOS, MS-DOS 1.25 supported 8-inch disks and added support for higher capacities in version 2.0. MS-DOS' predecessor 86-DOS used 8-inch diskettes as well.
- Rare format appearing on some early PC/XT clones using quad-density disks.
- These variations are known as DMF diskettes, used for a time to pack more data on to each disk for software distribution.
- ^ Inner 3 tracks of 8 sectors/track format are unused.
- The PC98 31⁄2-inch (90 mm) formats are also known as "3 Mode" floppy disks, usable on IBM PC compatibles with a 3-mode floppy drive.
- The two sides are managed as two independent 160 KB disks
- The two sides are managed as two independent 320 KB disks
References
- US4609949A, Kutaragi, Ken, "Magnetic disc reproducing apparatus", issued 1986-09-02, assigned to Sony Corporation
- ^ "Model CE-1600F". Sharp PC-1600 Service Manual (PDF). Yamatokoriyama, Japan: Sharp Corporation, Information Systems Group, Quality & Reliability Control Center. July 1986. pp. 98–104. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
- ^ Sharp Service Manual Model CE-140F Pocket Disk Drive (PDF). Sharp Corporation. 00ZCE140F/SME. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
- Tabor TC-500 Specifications. USA: Tabor Corp. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- "PF-10" (PDF). Epson. 1984. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
- "Floppy Drive Tech Info". www.retrotechnology.com. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
- ^ NEC μPD72070 - Floppy Disk Controller Specification Version 2.0 (PDF). 2.0 preliminary. NEC Corporation. October 1991. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ^ "ハードウエア" [Hardware]. NEC PC-88VA (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 18, 2017.
- US4482929A, Beck, John L.; Bornhorst, Randy J. & Smith, Donald J. et al., "Magnetic recording disk cartridge", issued 1984-11-13
- "Fujitsu Sales Prospector 1986". Archive.org. 1986. p. 238. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- "コンピュータ・情報システム・パソコン・周辺機器" [Hitachi Computer Peripherals] (PDF). hitachihyoron.com. January 6, 1985. p. 9. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- Berry, D (September 7, 1982). Lisa Hardware Manual (PDF). Apple Computer Inc. pp. 9–1.
- "Fujitsu Sales Prospector 1986". 1986. pp. 238, 239 – via Archive.org.
- "FDD-441大容量フロッピーディスク駆動装置の開発" [Development of FDD-441 Large-Capacity Floppy Disk Drive] (PDF). hitachihyoron.com. August 3, 1984. p. 3. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- ^ 650 Flexible Disc File OEM Manual 2944.010. Memorex Corp. 1972. p. 9.
- ^ Memorex Markette Flexible Discs (PDF). USA: Memorex Corp. 1978. pp. 1–2.
- ^ Memorex 651 Flexible Disc File OEM Manual. USA: Memorex Corp. 1977. p. 4.
- ^ Burroughs MD 122 Brochure. USA: Burroughs Marketing. 1979. p. 2.
- "Apple's Twiggy Disks". www.brouhaha.com. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
- ^ The IBM Diskette General Information Manual (PDF) (Reference Manual). USA: IBM. 1979. pp. 18–19.
- ^ "Standard Floppy Disk Formats Supported by MS-DOS". 2.0. Microsoft. December 17, 2000. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
- ^ Zbikowski, Mark; Allen, Paul; Ballmer, Steve; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick; Gates, Bill; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan; McDonald, Marc; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike; O'Rear, Bob; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil; Paterson, Tim; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris; Petzold, Charles; Pollock, John; Reynolds, Aaron; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors". The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim; Letwin, Gordon; Petzold, Charles; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: Microsoft Press. ISBN 1-55615-049-0. LCCN 87-21452. OCLC 16581341. (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. )
- ^ Xerox 16/8 Professional Computer – MS-DOS OS Handbook for 8" Floppy Disks (PDF). Xerox. November 1983.
- Hogan, Thom; Iannamico, Mike (1982). Osborne 1 Technical Manual (PDF). Osborne Computer Corporation. p. 39.
- "Sega SF-7000 Super Control Station User Guide". Sega Enterprises. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ "Victor 9000 Hardware Reference Manual" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
- ^ Lemmons, Phil (November 1982). "Victor Victorious". BYTE. p. 216. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- Tandy Portable Disk Drive Operation Manual 26-3808. Japan: Radio Shack. 1985. p. 25.
- Tandy Portable Disk Drive 2 Operation Manual 26-3814. Japan: Radio Shack. 1986. p. 33.
- Radio Shack Hardware Manual: Color Computer Disk System Owners Manual (1981)(Tandy). 1981.
- 9914A Disc Drive (PDF). Hewlett-Packard. June 1, 1984. p. 1-2.
- 9895A Flexible Disc Users Manual (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado USA: Hewlett-Packard Desktop Computer Division. 1978. p. 6.
- HP 9130K Flexible Disc Drive Service Documentation (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado USA: Hewlett-Packard Greeley Division. 1981.
- The IBM Diskette General Information Manual (PDF). Product Reference Literature (Fifth ed.). IBM. August 1979.
- "RX02 8 inch Floppy Drive Information". David Gesswein. Retrieved September 21, 2007.
- "8 inch floppy disks". University of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
External links
- Media related to Floppy disk at Wikimedia Commons
- Floppy Disk Formats at the Museum of Obsolete Media