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Kapitan China Tan Kye Soon (simplified Chinese: 陈开顺; traditional Chinese: 陳開順; pinyin: Chén Kāishùn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Khai-sūn; 14 November 1803 – 1 February 1857) was the first leader of Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor, and also the first Kapitan China of Tebrau, Johor Bahru. On 22 October 1844, he was granted the first Surat Sungai on Tebrau to become the first Kangchu of Tebrau.

Early life

Tan was born in Dongfengzhen, Chao'an, Chaozhou, Guangdong, of the Qing dynasty. He joined the secret society Tiandihui as a young man.

Tan was one of the leaders of the Ngee Heng Kongsi in Singapore who in 1846 ordered the 4,000 members of its brotherhood to relocate in Johor in protest against the imposition of quit rent in Singapore. He settled in Johor having obtained a surat sungai (river document) for Sungai Tebrau in 1844. He established a pepper and gambier settlement at Tan Chukang at Kangkar Tebrau, the oldest known Chinese settlement in Johor. However, he did not obtain more than the one grant, unlike other Ngee Heng leaders who held multiple concessions. Chinese sources described him as a yishi, a righteous political dissident who resisted the Manchus. In fact, the site of Tan Chukang, located deep in the jungle, suggests that it was selected as a place of refuge. As such, he would have been in command of military resources which would have been an asset to Sultan Abu Bakar during the crucial period when he was establishing authority over Johor.

After the death of Sultan Hussein, a treaty was brokered by the British in 1855 by which his son, Ali, acquired the coveted title of Sultan of Johor while the sovereignty of Johor was ceded to Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim, except for a small territory between the Kesang and Muar rivers. After some years, when Muar disobeyed Sultan Abu Bakar, Tan raised an army and went to pacify Muar.

The Sultan came to trust Tan, who was subsequently commissioned by the Johor government to be responsible for police functions in the absence of a properly constituted police force. Since he was also the leader of the Ngee Heng Kongsi, the government specifically permitted its open activities. Tan, did not live to see the Ngee Heng Kongsi officially recognised, for he died about 1864. It is possible that he could have a tacit understanding with the Sultan or even with the Temenggong. Although Tan was succeeded by his adopted son, Tan Chem Chung, as kangchu and Kapitan China in Tebrau. He was succeeded by Tan Hiok Nee as the leader of the Ngee Heng Kongsi.

References

1. "士姑来：柔佛最早的港脚_安焕然_木马工作室". Chsbp.net.my. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
2. P Lim Pui Huen (April 1998 – March 2000). "The Ngee Heng Kongsi of Johor, 1844–1916". ISEAS Working Papers by Visiting Researchers. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISSN 0219-3582. Retrieved 12 May 2013.

External links

• "Tan Kee Soon - Johor Bahru Directory". Jbdirectory.com. 24 March 2009. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
• Chaoz Hou Daily

Sources

Ahmad, A. (2003). New Terrains in Southeast Asian History. Ohio University: Center for International Studies

• Chinese secret societies
• History of Johor
• People from British Malaya
• Chinese emigrants
• People from Chaozhou
• People from Johor Bahru
• Kapitan Cina
• 1803 births
• 1857 deaths
• Tianduhui members