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Tanganyika (1961–1962) Republic of Tanganyika (1962–1964)Jamhuri ya Tanganyika (Swahili)
1961–1964
Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Dar es Salaam
Common languages	Swahili English
Demonym(s)	Tanganyikan
Government	Unitary dominant-party parliamentary monarchy (1961–1962) Unitary dominant-party assembly-independent republic (1962–1964)
Head of State
• 1961–1962	Elizabeth II (Monarch)
• 1962–1964	Julius Nyerere (President)
Governor-General
• 1961–1962	Richard Turnbull
Prime Minister
• 1961–1962	Julius Nyerere (first)
• 1962	Rashidi Kawawa (Last)
History
• Independence from British Empire	9 December 1961
• Republic	9 December 1962
• Union with Zanzibar	26 April 1964
Area
• Total	944,842 km (364,806 sq mi)
Currency	East African shilling
Preceded by Succeeded by Tanganyika Tanzania
Today part of	Tanzania

Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-) was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania, that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from the United Kingdom on 9 December 1961 as a Commonwealth realm headed by Queen Elizabeth II before becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.

History

Tanganyika originally consisted of the Tanganyika Territory—the British share of German East Africa—which the British took under a League of Nations mandate in 1922, and which was later transformed into a United Nations Trust Territory after World War II. The next largest share of German East Africa was taken into Belgian trusteeship, eventually becoming present-day Burundi and Rwanda.

Tanganyika Independence Act 1961
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title	An Act to make provision for, and in connection with, the attainment by Tanganyika of fully responsible status within the Commonwealth.
Citation	10 & 11 Eliz. 2. c. 1
Dates
Royal assent	22 November 1961
Other legislation
Amended by	Emergency Laws (Re-enactments and Repeals) 1964 Tanzania Act 1969 Finance Act 1969 Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 Civil Aviation Act 1971 Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1977 Interpretation Act 1978 International Organisations Act 1981 British Nationality Act 1981 Family Law Act 1986 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Merchant Shipping Act 1995 Commonwealth Act 2002 Armed Forces Act 2006
Status: Amended
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 (10 & 11 Eliz. 2. c. 1) transformed the United Nations trust territory into the independent sovereign state of Tanganyika, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Tanganyika. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly exercised by the Governor-General of Tanganyika.

Tanganyika adopted a new constitution in 1962 that abolished the monarchy, and the National Assembly (the majority of whom were members of the Tanganyika African National Union Party) thoroughly revised the new constitution to favour a strong executive branch of government, namely a president. Tanganyika then became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Julius Nyerere as the President of Tanganyika. After the Union of Zanzibar and Tanganyika, an interim constitution adapted from the 1962 Constitution became the governing document. Although meant to be temporary, the constitutions remained effective until 1977.

The unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964 followed Nyerere's principle of Ujamaa which entailed a strong "territorial nationalism."

See also

• Postage stamps and postal history of Tanganyika
• Tanganyika laughter epidemic

References

1. Mara Malagodi, Luke McDonagh and Thomas Poole. "The Dominion model of transitional constitutionalism". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 17:4 (October 2019) p. 1284 n 7. doi:10.1093/icon/moz083.
2. The Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Act, 1964 (Act No. 22 of 1964). Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022 – via WIPO IP Portal.
3. ^ Katundu, Mangasini Atanasi; Kumburu, Neema Penance (2015). "Tanzania's Constitutional Reform Predicament and the Survival of the Tanganyika and Zanzibar Union" (PDF). The Journal of Pan African Studies. 8 (3): 104–118. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
4. Gunderson, Frank (2013). "Expressive Bodies / Controlling Impulses: The Dance Between Official Culture and Musical Resistance in Colonial Western Tanganyika". Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 96 (2): 145–169. doi:10.5325/soundings.96.2.0145. S2CID 141636812. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

• Monarchy
• Tanzania

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Society	Cuisine (wine) Culture Demographics Education Ethnic groups Flag Healthcare HIV/AIDS Languages List of Tanzanians Literature Media Music Natural resource and waste management Persecution of Albinos Public holidays Religion Sport Water supply and sanitation
Zanzibar	History Pemba Unguja Archipelago House of Representatives
Outline Index Category Portal

• Tanganyika
• Former republics
• Former Commonwealth realms
• Government of Tanzania
• Politics of Tanzania
• States and territories established in 1961
• States and territories disestablished in 1964
• Tanzania and the Commonwealth of Nations
• Tanzania–United Kingdom relations
• 1961 establishments in Africa
• 1964 disestablishments in Africa