| Tasmanian cave spider | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Gradungulidae |
| Genus: | Hickmania Gertsch, 1958 |
| Species: | H. troglodytes |
| Binomial name | |
| Hickmania troglodytes (Higgins & Petterd, 1883) | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Hickmania is a monotypic genus of Australian cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Gradungulidae, containing only the Tasmanian cave spider (Hickmania troglodytes). The genus was first described by Willis J. Gertsch in 1958, and has been found only in Tasmania. It had been thought to be an ancient Gondwanan lineage, long since separated from its closest relatives in South America in the family Austrochilidae, but more recent data show it belongs to the Australia–New Zealand family Gradungulidae. It is an icon species for faunal conservation in Tasmania, and is named in honor of V. V. Hickman, a professor at the University of Tasmania, who specialized in spiders. The species name is derived from the Ancient Greek τρωγλοδύτης (troglodytes), meaning "cave-dweller".
Description
Tasmanian cave spiders have red to brown carapaces and duller, darker brown opisthosomae. They can grow up to 1.3 to 2 centimetres (0.51 to 0.79 in) long, and can have a legspan of up to 18 centimetres (7.1 in). These primitive spiders use book lungs to breathe, seen as four light patches beneath the abdomen.
Males are smaller than females, and have a distinct kink-like curve near the end of each second leg used to hold the female's head while mating.
Neural arrangement in the pedipalps of male H. troglodytes is almost identical to the neural arrangement in the pedipalps of male running crab spiders Philodromus cespitum.
Tasmanian cave spiders are widely distributed throughout Tasmania, found in many dark, cool areas, including underground drainage and cave systems, the underside of bridges, and inside hollow logs. They build sheet webs up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, and hang beneath it waiting for prey to fly or jump into their web. They have an unusually long lifetime for araneomorph spiders, sometimes living several decades.
References
- ^ "Gen. Hickmania Gertsch, 1958". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- Gertsch, W. J. (1958). "The spider family Hypochilidae". American Museum Novitates. 1912: 1–28.
- ^ Gray, Dr. Mike (2019-03-18). "Tasmanian Cave Spider". Australian Museum. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- Kulkarni, S.; Hormiga, G. (2021). "Hooroo mates! Phylogenomic data suggest that the closest relatives of the iconic Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes are in Australia and New Zealand, not in South America". Invertebrate Systematics. 35: 850–856. doi:10.1071/IS21030.
- Doran, N.E.; Richardson, A.M.M.; Swain, R. (2001). "The reproductive behaviour of Hickmania troglodytes, the Tasmanian cave spider (Araneae, Austrochilidae)". Journal of Zoology. 253: 405–418. doi:10.1017/s0952836901000371.
- Sentenská, Lenka; Müller, Carsten H.G.; Pekár, Stano; Uhl, Gabriele (December 2017). "Neurons and a sensory organ in the pedipalps of male spiders reveal that it is not a numb structure". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 12209. Bibcode:2017NatSR...712209S. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12555-5. PMC 5610179. PMID 28939892.
External links
- Tasmanian cave spider at the Australian Museum website
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Hickmania | |
| Hickmania troglodytes | |