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Tenacibaculum

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Genus of bacteria

Tenacibaculum soleae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacteroidota
Class: Flavobacteriia
Order: Flavobacteriales
Family: Flavobacteriaceae
Genus: Tenacibaculum
Suzuki et al. 2001
Type species
Tenacibaculum maritimum
Species

T. adriaticum
T. aestuarii
T. aestuariivivum
T. agarivorans
T. aiptasiae
T. amylolyticum
T. ascidiaceicola
T. caenipelagi
T. crassostreae
T. dicentrarchi
T. discolor
T. gallaicum
T. geojense
T. haliotis
T. holothuriorum
T. insulae
T. jejuense
T. litopenaei
T. litoreum
T. lutimaris
T. maritimum
T. mesophilum
T. ovolyticum
T. sediminilitoris
T. skagerrakense
T. soleae
T. todarodis
T. xiamenense

Synonyms

Haerentibaculum

Tenacibaculum is a gram-negative and motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

Many opportunistic pathogens for fish species are included in the genus Tenacibaculum including Tenacibaculum maritimum, Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenacibaculum discolor, Tenacibaculum gallaicum, and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. These pathogens cause an ulcerative disease known as tenacibaculosis. Characteristics of tenacibaculosis include lesions on the body, necrosis, frayed fin, tail rot, eroded mouth, and sometimes necrosis on the gills and eyes. The disease can lead to mortality and can leave afflicted species susceptible to secondary infections from the open lesions. Tenacibaculosis is also known as salt water columnaris disease, gliding bacterial disease of sea fish, bacterial stomatitis, eroded mouth syndrome, and black patch necrosis.

It is thought, tough not proven, that medusas and salmon louse help spread the bacteria.

Etiology

Diagnosis of the disease is conducted through cultivation and biochemical characterization. T. maritimum is also detectable internally through real-time RT-PCR. The bacterium targets teeth, which is high in the calcium needed to promote their growth. T. maritimum can also be isolated from the kidney, suggesting it is systematic.

Affected species

Many fish species around the world are affected by tenacibaculosis caused by T. maritimum. Species in Japan that are affected by tenacibaculosis include the blackhead seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), red seabream (Pagrus major), Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceous), Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, and Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). In Europe, affected species include Dover sole (Solea solea), Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in Spain, and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in France. In North America, white sea bass (Atractoscion nobilis), Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) were found to be afflicted by T. maritimum. In Australia, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), striped trumpeter (Latris lineata), greenback flounder (Rhombosolea tapirina), yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), and black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) were also afflicted.

T. solea caused tenacibaculosis in fish species sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), and wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata).

T. discolor was found isolated from fish species D. labrax in Italy.

T. dicentrarchi was discovered on the Chilean red conger eel (Genypterus chilensis).

Tenacibaculum has also been the cause of mortalitity in shellfish species as well. Tenacibaculum soleae has been seen to cause mortality in adult Pacific oysters 11 days post-infection.

References

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  3. George M., Garrity (2011). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4.
  4. Parker, Charles Thomas; Wigley, Sarah; Garrity, George M. (2009). Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M (eds.). "Taxonomy of the genus Tenacibaculum Suzuki et al. 2001". doi:10.1601/tx.8192. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Avendaño-Herrera, Ruben; Toranzo, Alicia E.; Magariños, Beatriz (August 30, 2006). "Tenacibaculosis infection in marine fish caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: a review". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 71 (3): 255–266. doi:10.3354/dao071255. PMID 17058606.
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  7. Fernández-Álvarez, Clara; Santos, Ysabel (1 December 2018). "Identification and typing of fish pathogenic species of the genus Tenacibaculum". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 102 (23): 9973–9989. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9370-1. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 30291367. S2CID 52922981.
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  10. ^ WAKABAYASHI, H.; HIKIDA, M.; MASUMURA, K. (1986). "Flexibacter maritimus sp. nov., a Pathogen of Marine Fishes". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 36 (3): 396–398. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-3-396. ISSN 1466-5026.
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  12. McVicar, A. H.; White, P. G. (1 January 1982). "The prevention and cure of an infectious disease in cultivated juvenile Dover sole, Solea solea (L.)". Aquaculture. 26 (3): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90157-0. ISSN 0044-8486.
  13. Alsina, M.; Blanch, A. R. (Department of Microbiology (1993). "First isolation of Flexibacter maritimus from cultivated turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists (United Kingdom).
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  20. Piñeiro-Vidal, Maximino; Carballas, Cristina G.; Gómez-Barreiro, Oscar; Riaza, Ana; Santos, Ysabel (2008). "Tenacibaculum soleae sp. nov., isolated from diseased sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (4): 881–885. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65539-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 18398187.
  21. López, J. R.; Piñeiro-Vidal, M.; García-Lamas, N.; Herran, R. De La; Navas, J. I.; Hachero-Cruzado, I.; Santos, Y. (2010). "First isolation of Tenacibaculum soleae from diseased cultured wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau), and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus (L.)". Journal of Fish Diseases. 33 (3): 273–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01105.x. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 19878529.
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Further reading

Taxon identifiers
Tenacibaculum


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