The Territory of Columbia or Columbia Territory may refer to:
- The District of Columbia from its establishment in 1791 until 1801; see History of Washington, D.C. ยง Establishment
- The proposed name for the Territory of Washington (later the U.S. State of Washington) before its formation in 1853
- A 1860s proposal for a U.S. territory to be formed in the Inland Northwest, parts of what is now eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana
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