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 The Heralds of the Katy and the Frisco as they appeared on Texas Special Locomotives | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Midwestern United States/Southwestern United States |
| First service | 1915 |
| Last service | July 1, 1965 (1965-07-01) |
| Route | |
| Termini | St. Louis, Missouri San Antonio, Texas |
| Distance travelled | 1,038.6 miles (1,671.5 km) |
| Train number(s) | 97; 98 |
| Technical | |
| Track owner(s) | Missouri Kansas Texas Railroad St. Louis-San Francisco Railway |
The Texas Special was a named passenger train operated jointly by the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (also known as the MKT or the Katy) and the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (the Frisco). It was the flagship of both these lines, operating between St. Louis, Missouri, and San Antonio, Texas, from 1915 until 1959, after which time the Katy changed the northern destination from St Louis to Kansas City after the Frisco discontinued service from St. Louis.
History
Steam Era
In 1915 the Katy began operating the Texas Special from St. Louis to San Antonio via North Jefferson City, Missouri; Parsons, Kansas; McAlester, Oklahoma; Dallas, Fort Worth, and Austin, Texas. This was done to augment the existing Katy Flyer and Katy Limited trains.
Effective March 4, 1917, the Texas Special operated over Frisco line from St. Louis through Springfield, Missouri, to Vinita, Oklahoma, where it met Katy lines. When the Texas Special changed lines in Vinita, it changed crews as well. In the early days of joint operations, down the Katy line in Muskogee, Oklahoma, the locomotive was changed also.
The M-K-T began splitting the train at Denison, Texas, with one section serving Dallas, Austin and San Antonio, and the other serving Ft. Worth and continuing over their roundabout route to Houston. Through Houston service, which was much slower than the Missouri Pacific Railroad's service from St. Louis, was discontinued in the mid 1950s, though a Ft. Worth section continued to split cars out at Denison.
The joint operation created one of the shortest routes connecting Texas financial centers with those in the East. In light of this success the two railroads inaugurated a second train, named the Bluebonnet on December 11, 1927; it operated until May 1, 1948, serving the same route, but terminating in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area.
Through World War II the Texas Special consisted of "heavyweight" passenger cars pulled by Katy Pacific 4-6-2s, Frisco Northern 4-8-4s, or Frisco Mountain 4-8-2s.
Streamlined Diesel
In 1947 the Texas Special was upgraded to a diesel powered streamliner. Katy and Frisco outfitted two complete 14 car trains with EMD E7 locomotives and Pullman rolling stock. Each train had seven sleepers, three coaches, a coach-buffet-lounge car, a diner, a combination RPO-baggage car, and an observation car (sleeper-lounge-observation car or buffet-lounge-observation car). In the early years of the streamlined Texas Special all these cars were bright red with shining corrugated aluminum side panels. The locomotives were painted to match.
With two sets of equipment, the train could run daily from both St. Louis and San Antonio, departing one city in the afternoon and arriving in the other the following afternoon. Katy took the diesels off the train route in Waco for servicing and again used a Pacific class 4-6-2 steam locomotive, usually their Pacific 383, to take the train into San Antonio.
The Texas Special proved to be so popular that the two railroads soon had to purchase additional equipment. Two Alco PA-1 diesels were purchased by MKT in 1949. In some cases, older rail cars were repainted to match the distinctive Texas Special look. Soon it was not unusual for the Texas Special to run with 20 cars instead of the original 14. According to a historical pamphlet published by the MKT railroad in 1970, by 1950 the Texas Special was regarded as one of the most profitable streamliners in America. At the height of its popularity the Texas Special also offered through passenger service to New York City with through 14-4 sleeping cars, via the Pennsylvania Railroad.
In the mid-1950s the Katy was taken over by a conglomerate whose focus was freight train profits; they showed little interest in properly maintaining the track and equipment to operate a comfortable passenger streamliner. Trains would run late and passengers soon were finding alternative transportation. By 1959 conditions had deteriorated so much on the Katy lines that Frisco pulled out of the venture, with the Frisco portion of the Texas Special making its last trip on January 4, 1959. As a result of this change, Katy moved the northern terminus of the Texas Special from St. Louis to Kansas City, Missouri. In 1964 Texas Special service was discontinued south of Dallas, Texas. The last Texas Special ran on July 1, 1965.
Frisco purchased the E7 locomotives and Pullman cars for the Texas Special at the same time as they purchased ones for the Meteor, so the two trains shared the distinctive red and silver look. Frisco bought sets of named cars for each train.
Named cars
Named trains frequently had named Texas Special cars after famous individuals or cities. Not all cars were named, but the ones that were bore their names prominently on their side panels. Here is a list of the named cars of the Texas Special.
| Car Name | No. | Railroad | Type | Made | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rock Hill | 250 | SLSF | Baggage, 30’ Mail | 1947 | |||
| Alexander Doniphan | 650 | SLSF | 36-seat Diner | 1947 | |||
| Anson B. Jones | 1000 | MKT | Baggage, 30’ Mail | 1947 | |||
| Sam Houston | 1100 | MKT | 36-seat Diner | 1947 | |||
| Edward Burleson | 1200 | MKT | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | |||
| David G. Burnet | 1201 | MKT | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | |||
| J. Pinckney Henderson | 1202 | MKT | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | *1 | ||
| J. Pinckney Henderson | 1202R | MKT | 72-seat Coach Pullman Stainless Steel Demonstrator | 1954 | *1 | ||
| Garland | 1203 | MKT | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| Pryor | 1204 | MKT | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| New Braunfels | 1205 | MKT | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| McAlester | 1206 | MKT | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| Denton | 1207 | MKT | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| Olivette | 1250 | SLSF | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | |||
| Pasadena Hills | 1251 | SLSF | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | |||
| Baden | 1252 | SLSF | 56-seat divided Coach | 1947 | |||
| Picardy Lane | 1259 | SLSF | 64-seat Divided Coach | 1955 | |||
| Mirabeau B. Lamar | 1300 | MKT | 26-seat Coach, Buffet, 25-seat Lounge | 1947 | |||
| Temple | 1301 | MKT | 32-seat Coach, Buffet, 27-seat Lounge | 1955 | |||
| Joseph Pulitzer | 1350 | SLSF | 2 Bedroom, 1 Drawing Room, Buffet, 23-seat Lounge, RE Observation | 1947 | |||
| Stephen F. Austin | 1400 | MKT | 2 Bedroom, 1 Drawing Room, Buffet, 23-seat Lounge, RE Observation | 1947 | |||
| Pierre Laclede | 1450 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Thomas Hart Benton (politician) | 1451 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Henry Shaw | 1452 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Francis P. Blair | 1453 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Auguste Choteau | 1454 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | *2 | ||
| George G. Vest | 1455 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Eugene Field | 1456 | SLSF | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| James W. Fannin | 1500 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Benjamin R. Milam | 1501 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| William B. Travis | 1502 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| David Crockett | 1503 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| James Bowie | 1504 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| James B. Bonham | 1505 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Amon B. King | 1506 | MKT | 14 Roomette, 4 Bedroom Sleeper | 1947 | |||
| Sterling Price | 1650 | SLSF | 26-seat Coach, Buffet, 25-seat Lounge | 1947 | |||
| *1 | 1202R replaced 1202, which had been wrecked in an accident in 1953. | ||||||
| *2 | "Choteau" is a common misspelling of Chouteau. The name appears on the car manifest as "Auguste Choteau" for Rene Aguste Choteau. It is unknown at the time of this writing if the typo was on manifest or misspelled on the side of the car itself. | ||||||
| Note: | Some model train manufacturers have put the names "Lonestar" and "Cheri Neil" on the side panels of Texas Special cars. At the time of this writing no references to the existence of actual Texas Special cars with these names have been found. | ||||||
| |||||||
Note: Williams Electric Trains put the name Lonestar on many of its Texas Special passenger cars.
Note: The late Pat Neil, owner of Collectible Trains & Toys, a train store formerly located in Dallas, Texas, commissioned a Texas Special train in three-rail 0-Gauge with the firm K-Line. Although the prototype Texas Special did not have a vista-dome car, he felt that any respectable model of the Texas Special would include a dome car. So, the K-line model train included such a car, named after his wife, Cheri S.Neil.
Preservation
- Although many of the cars from the Texas Special met the scrapper's torch, there still are surviving examples. These include -
- J. Pinckney Henderson is owned by a private owner and is an Amtrak certified private car
- Eugene Field is currently in the collection of the Arizona Railway Museum in Chandler, Arizona
- New Braunfels is owned by the National Railway Historical Society and is located in Houston, Texas
- Joseph Pulitzer resides near San Luis Obispo, California
- McAlester, 1206, owned by the PBS TV show, Great Scenic Railway Journeys. Currently in North Carolina.
- Tempe, 1301, owned by the PBS TV show, Great Scenic Railway Journeys. Currently in North Carolina.
In popular culture
- The Texas Special is a popular prototype in Model Railroading. Texas Special trains have been produced by:
- Lionel
- MTH
- Williams
- Kusan
- Con-Cor
- American Models produced a trainset in S-gauge (1/64) using prototypical car names and E-8 locomotives.
- Hallmark Models, Inc., a model train manufacturer has produced E7 diesels in red and silver without lettering, so that modelers can customize them for either a Texas Special or Meteor train.
- Hallmark produced a Texas Special train in the Keepsake Ornaments range.
- Overland Models an importer of brass trains, also produced the E7 diesels and train cars.
Notes
- ^ Schafer & Welsh (2002), p. 126.
References
- Condren Frisco Pages, Frisco-Katy Streamlined Passenger Equipment. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- Gray, George F. (February 1984). "The Texas Special". Passenger Train Journal.
- Katy Railroad Historical Society, Katy Railroad Passenger Service. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
- Museum of the American Railroad, A Brief History of Railroads in Dallas. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
- Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe (2002). Streamliners: History of a Railroad Icon. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0-7603-1371-7. OCLC 51069308.
External links
- "New Braunfels" coach restoration.
- Color Graphic Depiction of Texas Special Trainset
- The Texas Special, The Katy's and Frisco's Premier Midwest - Southwest Passenger Train
| Passenger service on the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway | |
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