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Thaumatophyllum
Thaumatophyllum xanadu
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Subfamily:	Aroideae
Tribe:	Philodendreae
Genus:	Thaumatophyllum Schott
Species
See text
Synonyms
Philodendron subg. Meconostigma

Thaumatophyllum (formerly Meconostigma) is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. Its species are native to northern (tropical) South America.

Taxonomy

The genus Thaumatophyllum was erected by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1859, with the sole species Thaumatophyllum spruceanum. In 1962, G.M. Barroso transferred T. spruceanum to Philodendron. (However, the transfer was not made correctly and Barroso's name Philodendron spruceanum is illegitimate.) While in Philodendron, T. spruceanum was placed, along with other species, in subgenus Meconostigma. A series of molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly from 2008 onwards, suggested that, when broadly circumscribed, Philodendron was not monophyletic. In 2018, it was proposed that subgenus Meconostigma should be raised to the rank of genus, under the name Thaumatophyllum. The proposal has been accepted by Plants of the World Online, among other taxonomic databases.

The generic epithet Thaumatophyllum comes from Ancient Greek θαυμα (thaûma, "miracle") + φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf").

Phylogeny

Relationships among the former subgenera of Philodendron and related genera are not yet fully resolved. Several studies that have produced a resolved tree suggest that relationships may be of the form:

Species

As of October 2020, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:

• Thaumatophyllum adamantinum (Mart. ex Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum brasiliense (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum corcovadense (Kunth) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum dardanianum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum leal-costae (Mayo & G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum lundii (Warm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum mello-barretoanum (Burle-Marx ex G.M.Barroso) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum paludicola (E.G.Gonç. & Salviani) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum petraeum (Chodat & Vischer) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum saxicola (K.Krause) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum solimoesense (A.C.Sm.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum speciosum (Schott ex Endl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum spruceanum Schott
• Thaumatophyllum stenolobum (E.G.Gonç.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum tweedieanum (Schott) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum uliginosum (Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum undulatum (Engl.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum venezuelense (G.S.Bunting) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum williamsii (Hook.f.) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo
• Thaumatophyllum xanadu (Croat, J.Boos & Mayo) Sakur., Calazans & Mayo

References

1. ^ "Thaumatophyllum Schott", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2020-10-05
2. ^ Sakuragui, Cassia Mônica; Calazans, Luana Silva Braucks; Oliveira, Leticia Loss de; Morais, Érica Barroso de; Benko-Iseppon, Ana Maria; Vasconcelos, Santelmo; Schrago, Carlos Eduardo Guerra & Mayo, Simon Joseph (2018), "Recognition of the genus Thaumatophyllum Schott − formerly Philodendron subg. Meconostigma (Araceae) − based on molecular and morphological evidence", PhytoKeys (98): 51–71, doi:10.3897/phytokeys.98.25044, PMC 5943393, PMID 29750071
3. "Thaumatophyllum Schott", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2020-10-06
4. Schott, H. (1859), "Aroideenskizzen", Bonplandia. Zeitschrift für die gesammte Botanik (in German and Latin), 7 (3): 26–31, p. 31
5. Mayo, S.J. (1991), "A revision of Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma (Araceae)", Kew Bulletin, 46 (4): 601–668, doi:10.2307/4110410, JSTOR 4110410

• Thaumatophyllum
• Araceae genera