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Compensating Legacy Artists for their Songs, Service, and Important Contributions to Society Act
Legislative history

Long title	To amend title 17, United States Code, to provide Federal protection to the digital audio transmission of a sound recording fixed before February 15, 1972, and for other purposes.
Nicknames	CLASSICS Act
Announced in	the 115th United States Congress
Sponsored by	Darrell E. Issa
Number of co-sponsors	44
Introduced in the House as H.R. 3301 by Darrell Issa (R-CA) on July 19, 2017 Committee consideration by House Committee on the Judiciary. Signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 11, 2018

The CLASSICS Act or Compensating Legacy Artists for their Songs, Service, and Important Contributions to Society Act is Title II of the Music Modernization Act and was proposed legislation as H.R. 3301 of the 115th United States Congress to amend title 17 of the United States Code, to provide Federal protection to the digital audio transmission of a sound recording fixed before February 15, 1972, and for other purposes.

The bill was first introduced in the House of Representatives on July 19, 2017 by Representative Darrell Issa. A companion bill (S.2393) was introduced in the Senate by Senator Chris Coons on February 7, 2018.

The CLASSICS Act was consolidated into the Music Modernization Act (H.R.5447) on April 10, 2018. The Music Modernization Act passed in the House of Representatives on April 26, 2018, and passed the Senate on September 18, 2018, with the Senate renaming the bill the "Orrin G. Hatch Music Modernization Act" after Senator Orrin Hatch. The Music Modernization Act, with the CLASSICS Act codified as Title II within it, was signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 11, 2018.

Previously, sound recordings made before February 15, 1972 were not covered by federal copyright protection. Some states granted these recordings copyright protection and some did not. The CLASSICS Act was designed to address the patchwork of laws in different jurisdictions. The law grants federal copyright protection of the recordings until February 15, 2067.

The Music Modernization Act was revised to allow older songs to enter the public domain. All recordings published before 1923 entered the public domain on January 1, 2022. Recordings published 1923–1946 have 100-year copyright terms, and those published 1947–1956 have 110-year terms. Recordings will enter the public domain every January 1 from 2024 to 2047 and from 2058 to 2067.

All other recordings created before February 15, 1972, have their terms end on February 15, 2067.

Footnotes

Copyright terms that last a given number of years expire at the end of the final year. For example, a work published on June 1, 1925 that has a term of 100 years would enter the public domain on January 1, 2026.
No recordings entered the public domain in 2023 due to the gap between the expiry date of the pre-1923 copyrights and the end of the first 100-year terms; likewise, none will enter between 2048 and 2057 due to the gap between the 100- and 110-year terms.

References

"H.R.3301 - CLASSICS Act". Congress.gov. July 19, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
"S.2393 - CLASSICS Act". Congress.gov. May 15, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
"H.R.5447 - Music Modernization Act". Congress.gov. April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Daehl, Dani (September 18, 2018). "Senate passes Music Modernization Act". The Verge. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
Deahl, Dani (October 11, 2018). "The Music Modernization Act has been signed into law". The Verge. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
Johnson, Ted (February 8, 2018). "Senators Introduce Bill to Extend Copyright to Classic Recordings". Variety.com. Variety Media, LLC. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Bailey, Jonathan (July 20, 2017). "Understanding the CLASSICS Act". Plagiarismtoday.com. Jonathan Bailey. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
Stoltz, Mitch (September 19, 2018). "The New Music Modernization Act Has a Major Fix: Older Recordings Will Belong to the Public, Orphan Recordings Will Be Heard Again". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
^ "How does Copyright work for sound recordings". Ask a Librarian. Library of Congress. September 8, 2020. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.

Statutes

Pre-1976	Copyright Act of 1790 Copyright Act of 1831 Copyright Act of 1870 International Copyright Act of 1891 Printing Act of 1895 Copyright Act of 1909
1970s	Copyright Act of 1976
1980s	Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
1990s	Visual Artists Rights Act (1990) Copyright Remedy Clarification Act (1990) Copyright Renewal Act of 1992 Audio Home Recording Act (1992) Uruguay Round Agreements Act (1994) No Electronic Theft Act (1994) Copyright Term Extension Act (1998) Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act
2000s	Family Entertainment and Copyright Act (2005)
2010s	Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act (2014) Music Modernization Act (2018)
2020s	CASE Act (2020)

Precedents
and rulings

Supreme Court	Wheaton v. Peters (1834) Baker v. Selden (1879) Trade-Mark Cases (1879) Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony (1884) Banks v. Manchester (1888) Callaghan v. Myers (1888) Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus (1908) White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co. (1908) Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States (1975) Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (1984) Feist v. Rural (1991) Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. (1994) Quality King v. L'anza (1998) Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003) MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005) Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A. (2010) Golan v. Holder (2012) Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013) American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. (2014) Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands (2017) Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com (2019) Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc. (2020) Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. (2021) Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith (2023)
Appeals courts	Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc. (2d Cir. 1964) Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co. (9th Cir. 1970) Eltra Corp. v. Ringer (4th Cir. 1978) Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates (9th Cir. 1978) Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc. (7th Cir. 1983) Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. (3d Cir. 1983) Fisher v. Dees (9th Cir. 1986) Whelan v. Jaslow (3d Cir. 1986) Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd. (5th Cir. 1988) Rogers v. Koons (2nd Cir. 1992) Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. (2d Cir. 1992) American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc. (2nd Cir. 1995) Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.(9th Cir. 1997) Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc. (2d Cir. 1998) Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp. (9th Cir. 2000) Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp. (1st Cir. 2000) A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. (9th Cir. 2001) Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l (5th Cir. 2002) Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp. (9th Cir. 2002 / 2003) In re Aimster Copyright Litigation (7th Cir. 2003) NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute (2d Cir. 2004) BMG Music v. Gonzalez (7th Cir. 2005) Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2nd Cir. 2006) Blanch v. Koons (2nd Cir. 2006) Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc. (9th Cir. 2006) Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc. (2nd Cir. 2008) Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc. (9th Cir. 2010) Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha (2d Cir. 2011) Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2012) Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. (2d Cir. 2012) Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc (9th Cir. 2013) Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. (2d Cir. 2015) Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. (9th Cir. 2015) Naruto v. Slater (9th Cir. 2018)
Lower courts	Folsom v. Marsh (C.C.D. Mass. 1841) Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc. (E.D.N.Y. 1973) Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc. (N.D. Cal. 1986) Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena (M.D. Fla. 1993) Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. (S.D.N.Y. 1999) RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc. (W.D. Wash. 2000) Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co. (S.D.N.Y. 2005) Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC (S.D.N.Y. 2010) Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 2013) Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc. (C.D. Cal. 2015) Hachette v. Internet Archive (S.D.N.Y. 2023)

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