Misplaced Pages

Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions 香港工會聯合會
Abbreviation	FTU
President	Ng Chau-pei
Chairman	Kingsley Wong
Secretary-General	Ma Kwong-yu
Founded	17 April 1948; 76 years ago (1948-04-17)
Headquarters	12 Ma Hang Chung Road, Tokwawan, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Membership (2020)	420,000+
Ideology	Socialism (HK) Socialist patriotism Conservatism (HK)
Political position	Left-wing
National affiliation	All-China Federation of Trade Unions
Regional affiliation	Pro-Beijing camp
Colours	Red
Slogan	"Patriotism, Solidarity, Rights, Welfare, Participation"
Executive Council	2 / 33
Legislative Council	7 / 90
District Councils	43 / 470
NPC (HK deputies)	2 / 36
CPPCC (HK members)	2 / 124
Website
ftu.org.hk
Politics of Hong Kong Political parties Elections

Politics and government of Hong Kong

Laws Basic Law Drafting Committee Consultative Committee Article 23 (national security laws) 2020 law 2024 law Article 45 Article 46 Article 69 One country, two systems Sino–British Joint Declaration Criminal law Capital punishment in Hong Kong Criminal procedure Jury system Law enforcement in Hong Kong Human rights LGBT rights in Hong Kong Internet censorship in Hong Kong

Executive Chief Executive: John Lee Office of the Chief Executive Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR Principal officials Chief Secretary: Eric Chan Financial Secretary: Paul Chan Secretary for Justice: Paul Lam Executive Council Convenor: Regina Ip Government Secretariat and Government agencies Civil Service Bureau Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau Registration and Electoral Office Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau Leisure and Cultural Services Department Tourism Commission Education Bureau University Grants Committee Secretariat Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency Environment and Ecology Bureau Environmental Protection Department Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Food and Environmental Hygiene Department Hong Kong Observatory Government Laboratory Health Bureau Department of Health Home and Youth Affairs Bureau Home Affairs Department Information Services Department Labour and Welfare Bureau Social Welfare Department Security Bureau Hong Kong Police Force Hong Kong Fire Services Department Correctional Services Department Customs and Excise Department Immigration Department Government Flying Service Civil Aid Service Auxiliary Medical Service Transport and Logistics Bureau Transport Department Civil Aviation Department Highways Department Marine Department Housing Bureau Housing Department Commerce and Economic Development Bureau Intellectual Property Department Invest Hong Kong Office of the Communications Authority Post Office Trade and Industry Department Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas) Radio Television Hong Kong Development Bureau Architectural Services Department Buildings Department Civil Engineering and Development Department Drainage Services Department Electrical and Mechanical Services Department Lands Department Land Registry Planning Department Water Supplies Department Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau Census and Statistics Department Companies Registry Government Logistics Department Government Property Agency Inland Revenue Department Official Receiver's Office Rating and Valuation Department Treasury Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau Efficiency Office Office of the Government Chief Information Officer Innovation and Technology Commission Hong Kong Civil Service Administrative Officer Political Appointments System

Legislature Legislative Council President: Andrew Leung List of Members of the Legislative Council Political camps: Pro-Beijing camp Pro-democracy camp Localist camp

JudiciaryCourt of Final Appeal Chief Justice: Andrew Cheung High Court Chief Judge: Jeremy Poon Court of Appeal President of the Court of Appeal Court of First Instance District Court Chief District Judge: Justin Ko Magistrates' Court Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak Special courts and tribunals: Coroner’s Court Labour Tribunal Lands Tribunal Market Misconduct Tribunal Obscene Articles Tribunal Small Claims Tribunal

DistrictsDistrict Officers District Councils Central and Western Eastern Islands Kowloon City Kwai Tsing Kwun Tong North Sai Kung Sha Tin Sham Shui Po Southern Tai Po Tsuen Wan Tuen Mun Wan Chai Wong Tai Sin Yau Tsim Mong Yuen Long Area committees

ElectionsElectoral Affairs Commission Registration and Electoral Office Chief Executive Elections Election Committee Legislative elections Geographical Constituencies Functional Constituencies Election Committee Constituency District council elections List of constituencies of Hong Kong Political parties Universal suffrage

Foreign relationsDocuments Hong Kong identity card HKSAR Passport BNO Passport Consular missions in Hong Kong Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations Hong Kong–United States relations Hong Kong–Philippines relations Hong Kong–Singapore relations Hong Kong–China relations Hong Kong Liaison Office Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement Hong Kong–Taiwan relations Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council

Related topics Culture Economy Education Geography History Hong Kong portal

v t e

The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU) is a pro-Beijing labour and political group established in 1948 in Hong Kong. It is the oldest and largest labour group in Hong Kong with over 420,000 members in 253 affiliates and associated trade unions. Presided by Ng Chau-pei and chaired by Kingsley Wong, it currently holds four seats in the Legislative Council and 43 seats in the District Councils.

The HKFTU has long been seen as a satellite organisation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It played a leading role in the 1967 riots against British rule in Hong Kong, which were suppressed by the colonial government. In the 1980s, the HKFTU, along with the conservative business elites, led efforts against faster democratisation during the run up to the Chinese resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997.

HKFTU trade unionists were among the founding members of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) in 1992, which has become the flagship pro-Beijing party today. In the early 2010s, the HKFTU began actively participating in elections under its own banner with a more pro-grassroots and pro-labour platform, distant from the DAB's pro-middle-class and professionals outlook, in order to broaden the pro-Beijing electorate.

Policies

The HKFTU's motto is "patriotism, solidarity, rights, welfare and participation". The group focuses on the rights and welfare of workers, supporting workers in their negotiations with employers and helping them resolve labour disputes. It works to amend legislation to protect labour rights and prevent employers from exploiting loopholes in labour laws. It opposes immigrant labour and calls for legislation against age discrimination.

Politically, the HKFTU has been described as left-wing and socialist, but also conversely as pro-business and conservative. It supports the governments of the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and is affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. It allied with the Hong Kong government on many issues but has a pro-grassroots stance on livelihood and labour issues, such as demanding more measures to reduce unemployment. Due to its government loyalist nature, industrial militancy has been remarkably absent from the HKFTU's action programme.

The HKFTU also operates five retail outlets which provide discounted goods and services to its members. Businesses include catering, credit card facilities, medical services, and travel agencies.

History

Early years

The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions was founded by pro-CCP trade unionists in 1948 as the Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions. At the same time, the pro-Kuomintang Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (TUC) was set up as a rival organisation. This was all done in the midst of the Chinese Civil War between the Communists and Nationalists in mainland China. The HKFTU was registered as non-union "friendly societies" under the Societies Ordinance in order to avoid the restrictive provision in the newly introduced Trade Union Registration Ordinance of 1948.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the HKFTU functioned as industrially based "friendly societies" or craft-based fraternities and provided benefits and other supplementary aids to the veteran members who was under the threats of unemployment and low pay. It contested with the TUC in industries, trades, and workplaces under the left-right ideological divide of that period.

The relations between the HKFTU and the colonial government remained tense. Union activities were under strict regulation by the government. Inspired by the Cultural Revolution, the HKFTU escalated labour disputes into the 1967 riots against British colonial rule. Many labour activists and HKFTU cadres were imprisoned and deported. Due to its campaign of violence and bomb attacks, the HKFTU suffered serious setbacks in both public esteem and official tolerance. During the riots, the HKFTU also boycotted participation in any officially appointed consultative bodies by the colonial government until Beijing's Communist government adopted economic reforms in the late 1970s.

Transition to 1997

In the background of the 1980s, amidst shifts in the political economy of mainland China and negotiations on Hong Kong's political status after 1997, the HKFTU readjusted its policy toward the colonial government. The electoral reform introduced by the government also gave trade unions access to political power. In the first Legislative Council election in 1985, candidates from the HKFTU and the TUC ran uncontested in the two newly created seats in the Labour functional constituency. One such candidate was Tam Yiu-chung of the HKFTU, who served as the member of the Legislative Council for the Labour functional constituency until 1995, when he was succeeded by Cheng Yiu-tong.

On the other hand, as the most massive grassroots organ of the pro-Beijing bloc, the HKFTU also led efforts to resist the pre-1997 attempts at democratisation. It opposed the possible direct Legislative Council election of 1988 with the slogan, "Hong Kong workers only want meal tickets, not electoral ballots." However, during the Hong Kong Basic Law drafting process from 1985 to 1990, the HKFTU had to repudiate its demands on the rights to union recognition and collective bargaining in the Consultative and Drafting Committees dominated by tycoons. The HKFTU's devotion to Beijing and its collaboration with the conservative business interests were challenged by some leftist unionists.

In the beginning of the 1990s, the HKFTU became more involved in politics to counter the growing influence of pro-democracy parties such as the United Democrats of Hong Kong (later transformed into the Democratic Party) and its ally the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU). Chan Yuen-han ran as the HKFTU candidate in the 1991 Legislative Council direct election but was defeated by Lau Chin-shek, a pro-democracy labour activist representing the United Democrats of Hong Kong. In 1992, the first pro-Beijing political party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), was co-founded by HKFTU members. HKFTU began mobilising its supporters to vote for DAB candidates in the Legislative Council elections.

Since handover

After the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, the HKFTU's representatives joined the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council to roll back several pre-handover labour rights laws passed in spring 1997 by the colonial legislature controlled by the pro-democracy camp, which included the collective bargaining right under the Employee's Rights to Representation, Consultation and Collective Bargaining Ordinance. The Provisional Legislative Council also enacted new electoral rules to disenfranchise some 800,000 blue-, gray- and white-collar workers in the nine functional constituencies created from Chris Patten's electoral reform. The number of eligible voters in the Labour functional constituency was reduced from 2,001 qualified union officials in 1995 to only 361 unions on a one-vote-per-union basis for the first SAR elections in 1998.

Part of a series on
Socialism
History Outline
Development French Revolution Revolutions of 1848 Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics
Ideas Calculation in kind Collective ownership Cooperative Common ownership Critique of political economy Economic democracy Economic planning Equal liberty Equal opportunity Free association Freed market Industrial democracy Input–output model Internationalism Labour-time calculation Labour voucher Material balance planning Peer‑to‑peer economics Production for use Sharing economy Spontaneism Social dividend Social ownership Socialism in one country Socialist mode of production Soviet democracy Strike action To each according to his contribution/needs Vanguardism Workers' self-management Workplace democracy
Models Communalism Socialist planned economy Decentralized planning Inclusive Democracy OGAS Project Cybersyn Soviet-type Market socialism Lange model Mutualism Socialist market economy Socialist-oriented market Participatory economics
Variants 21st-century African Arab Agrarian Anarchism Authoritarian Blanquism Buddhist Chinese Christian Communism Democratic Democratic road Digital Ethical Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Fourierism Free-market Gandhian Guild Islamic Jewish Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Marhaenism Market Marxism Municipal Nationalist Nkrumaism Owenism Popular Reformism Religious Revolutionary Ricardian Saint-Simonianism Scientific Sewer Social democracy State Syndicalism Third World Utopian Yellow Zionist
Intellectuals More Campanella Saint-Simon Buonarroti Saint-Just Owen Fourier Cabet Leroux Sue Blanqui Proudhon Greeley Herzen Bakunin Marx Kingsley Engels Wallace Lavrov Lassalle Saltykov Chernyshevsky Tolstoy Michel Morris Jones Kropotkin Carpenter Sorel Bellamy Kautsky Wilde Plekhanov Ferrer Dewey Wells Du Bois Gorky Goldman Landauer Berkman Luxemburg Russell Pannekoek Rocker Spengler Keller Pankhurst Volin Lukács Korsch Polanyi Vanzetti Bordiga Serge Gramsci Sacco Day Marcuse James Orwell Montseny Sartre Bookchin Zinn Castoriadis Thompson Chomsky Fotopoulos Newton Wolff Ali Öcalan Hampton Žižek West Hedges Varoufakis Saito
Politicians Gracchi Brothers Mazdak Roux Babeuf Blanc Hong Bebel Bernstein Malatesta Debs Markievicz Connolly Gandhi Liebknecht Blum Martov Trotsky Kerensky Attlee Spiridonova Makhno Tito Nagy Durruti Gerhardsen Erlander Douglas Senghor Allende van der Lubbe Kreisky Mitterrand Nasser Mandela Dubček Manley Palme Che Gorbachev Sanders Lula Corbyn Sankara Chávez Galloway Marcos Sánchez Ocasio-Cortez
Organizations International socialist organizations Socialist parties
Related topics Anarchism Capitalism Communist society Criticism of capitalism Criticism of socialism Economic calculation problem Economic system French Left Left-libertarianism Libertarianism List of socialist economists Market abolitionism Marxist philosophy Nanosocialism Progressivism Socialism and LGBT rights Socialist calculation debate Socialist Party Socialist state Workers' council
Lists Related lists Category By country Socialists Songs
Socialism portal (WikiProject) Communism portal Organized Labour portal
v t e

The HKFTU has been a vocal supporter of the central government in Beijing and the Hong Kong SAR government; its then-president Cheng Yiu-tong was appointed as a non-official member of the Executive Council from 2002 to 2017. During the early years of the SAR administration, HKFTU members ran in direct elections under the banner of its sister organisation DAB. Since the 2008 Legislative Council elections, HKFTU members Chan Yuen-han and Wong Kwok-hing have run independently from DAB, under a more grassroots and pro-labour rights agenda. In the 2011 District Council election, the HKFTU ran 20 candidates entirely on its own, winning 11 seats. In the 2012 Legislative Council elections, the HKFTU filled candidates in four of the five geographical constituencies and veteran Chan Yuen-han contested in the territory-wide District Council (Second) constituency, becoming the fourth largest political group in the legislature.

In the 2015 District Council election, the HKFTU had 29 candidates elected (two under both DAB and HKFTU banners). Its Legislative Council seats dropped from six to five in the 2016 Legislative Council election as veteran Wong Kwok-hing failed to retain his District Council (Second) seat. Nevertheless, the HKFTU remained the third-largest political group in the 6th Legislative Council (2016–2021).

The HKFTU suffered a major defeat in the 2019 District Council election, which was held amidst the 2019 protests, retaining only five of their previous 26 seats.

In August 2022, after Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan, the HKFTU staged a protest at the US Consulate General in Hong Kong, and said the United States "must pay full responsibility for playing with fire."

Finances

In August 2018, the pro-democracy tabloid Apple Daily reported that the HKFTU had total assets of about $250 million Hong Kong dollars. From 2015 to 2017, the HKFTU accumulated an income of $380 million, including $242 million from an unknown donor. The HKFTU also allegedly avoided paying $39.2 million in profits tax by transferring $24.7 million to a company.

Election results

Legislative Council elections

Election	Number of popular votes	% of popular votes	GC seats	FC seats	EC seats	Total seats	+/−	Position
1991	44,894	3.28	0	1	0	1 / 60		—
1995	DAB ticket		0	1	0	1 / 60		—
2000	DAB ticket		0	1	0	1 / 60		—
2004	52,564	2.97	1	2		3 / 60	2	5th
2008	86,311	5.70	2	2		4 / 60	1	5th
2012	127,857	7.06	3	3		6 / 70	2	2nd
2016	169,854	7.83	3	2		5 / 70	1	5th
2021	192,235	14.53	3	2	3	8 / 90	3	2nd

Note 1: Each voter got two votes in the 1991 election.

Note 2: Before 2008 the HKFTU had a joint-ticket with DAB.

District Council elections

Election	Number of popular votes	% of popular votes	D.E. seats	E.C. seats	App. seats	Total elected seats	+/−
1988	3,360	0.53	2		0	2 / 264
1991	6,229	1.17	4		0	4 / 272	2
1999	1,074	0.13	1		0	1 / 390	3
2003	2,766	0.26	0		0	0 / 400	1
2007	4,208	0.37	15		1	16 / 405	16
2011	36,646	3.10	24		1	25 / 412	9
2015	88,292	6.11	29			29 / 431	4
2019	128,796	4.39	5			5 / 452	24
2023	206,285	17.61	18	9	16	43 / 470	38

Leadership

Presidents

• Chan Yiu-choi, 1957–1980
• Yeung Kwong, 1980–1988
• Lee Chark-tim, 1988–2000
• Cheng Yiu-tong, 2000–2012
• Lam Shuk-yee, 2012–2018
• Ng Chau-pei, 2018–present

Chairmen

• Chu King-man, 1948–1949
• Cheung Chun-nam, 1949–1951
• Chan Man-hon, 1951–1954
• Chan Yiu-choi, 1954–1957
• Lee Sang, 1957–1962
• Yeung Kwong, 1962–1980
• Poon Kwong-wai, 1980–1986
• Cheng Yiu-tong, 1986–2000
• Wong Kwok-kin, 2000–2009
• Ng Chau-pei, 2009–2018
• Kingsley Wong, 2018–present

Representatives

Executive Council

• Ng Chau-pei

Legislative Council

District Councils

National People's Congress

• Cheng Yiu-tong
• Ng Chau-pei

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

• Lam Shuk-yee
• Kingsley Wong

See also

• Macau Federation of Trade Unions, equivalent organisation in Macau
• United Front (China)
• United Front Work Department
• Politics of Hong Kong
• Socialism in Hong Kong

References

Citations

1. "簡介" (in Chinese). 香港工會聯合會. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
2. Leong 2009, p. 2: "Hong Kong trade unions have traditionally been divided between those operating from a left-wing, socialist ideology (e.g., the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Union) ..."
3. Lo 2010, p. 102: "As claimed, ... 'The FTU is left-wing but it is often controlled by the DAB.'"
4. ^ Sprague 2015, p. 102: "However, while trade unions in Hong Kong are autonomous, the main union federation, the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (HKFTU), is considered pro-business and politically conservative and has ties to China's official All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU)."
5. ^ Ng 2010, p. 225.
6. ^ Kuah & Guiheux 2009, p. 210.
7. Kuah & Guiheux 2009, p. 207.
8. Kuah & Guiheux 2009, pp. 207–208.
9. ^ Felber et al. 2013, pp. 213–215.
10. Kuah & Guiheux 2009, p. 208.
11. Cheung, Tony (8 February 2015). "Outgoing DAB chairman Tam Yiu-chung looks to a new generation". South China Morning Post.
12. "Sixth Legislative Council (2016–2021)". Legislative Council of Hong Kong.
13. "2019 District Councils Election – Election Results". Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
14. "Hong Kong leader vows to help safeguard nation after Pelosi visits Taiwan". South China Morning Post. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
15. "財務報告首曝光 坐擁2.5億資產 工聯會避稅392萬". 蘋果日報. 24 August 2018.

Sources

Books

• Felber, Roland; Grigoriev, A.M.; Leutner, Mechthild; Titarenko, M.L., eds. (2013). The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: Between Triumph and Disaster. Routledge.
• Kuah, Khun Eng; Guiheux, Gille, eds. (2009). Social Movements in China and Hong Kong: The Expansion of Protest Space. Amsterdam University Press.
• Lo, Sonny Shiu-Hing (26 February 2010). Competing Chinese Political Visions: Hong Kong vs. Beijing on Democracy. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 979-8-216-06397-1.
• Ng, Sek Hong (2010). Labour Law in Hong Kong. Kluwer Law International.
• Sprague, Jeb (2015). Globalization and transnational capitalism in Asia and Oceania. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781317482864.

Journal articles

• Leong, A. (January 2009). "Trade unionism and industrial relations in Hong Kong". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

• Official website (in Chinese)

v t e Political parties in Hong Kong
Parties represented in the Legislative Council Pro-Beijing (89) Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (19) Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (8) Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (7) New People's Party (5) Liberal Party (4) Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (2) Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (2) New Century Forum (1) Roundtable (1) Professional Power (1) Kowloon West New Dynamic (1) New Prospect (1) Unaligned (1) Third Side (1)
Parties represented in district councils Pro-Beijing (174) Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (109) Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (27) New People's Party (15) Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (12) Liberal Party (5) Federation of Public Housing Estates (3) Professional Power (1) New Prospect for Hong Kong (1) Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (1)
Politics of Hong Kong Politics portal List of political parties by country

• Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
• Chinese Communist Party
• Conservative parties in Hong Kong
• Socialist parties in Hong Kong
• National trade union centres of Hong Kong
• 1948 establishments in Hong Kong
• Trade unions in Hong Kong