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The Key
Studio album by Joan Armatrading
Released	28 February 1983
Studio	Townhouse Studios, London, Polar Studios, Stockholm and New York
Genre	Pop, rock
Length	38:38
Label	A&M
Producer	Steve Lillywhite, Val Garay
Joan Armatrading chronology
Walk Under Ladders (1981) The Key (1983) Track Record (1983)

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic
Christgau's Record Guide	B
Encyclopedia of Popular Music

The Key is the eighth studio album by the British singer-songwriter Joan Armatrading, released on 28 February 1983 by A&M Records (AMLX64912). The album was recorded at Townhouse Studios in Shepherd's Bush, London; Polar Studios in Stockholm and also in New York.

The album spawned the single "Drop the Pilot", which became one of Armatrading's biggest hits, reaching number 11 in the UK Singles Chart over a 10-week stay. It also quickly became a staple of Armatrading's live performances and has featured on many of her compilation albums. Armatrading and her backing band also performed the song on Top of the Pops in early 1983.

Background and recording

Steve Lillywhite was commissioned to produce the album; however, A&M Records judged the album to be not commercial enough and asked Armatrading to come up with some additional, more commercial, material. She went away and wrote the tracks "Drop the Pilot" and "What Do Boys Dream", both of which were produced separately in New York by Val Garay. These two tracks therefore used a completely different set of musicians, which explains the length of the personnel list on this album. Armatrading described her process of song creation, from writing to final recording, at the time of The Key:

It takes me very little time to write the song. Ten, fifteen minutes at the most. But to arrange the song, I need to take all day. The song is written with whatever rhythm I've come up with, and I put the arrangement on top of that. I can keep it a little more to what I think it should be than if I allowed somebody else to do it. I sit at home with my little Portastudio, and I work up the bass part, record it; work up the guitar part, record that; the string part, whatever. Put it all down. I play the tape to the musicians so they hear what's happening, and we do it like that. Steve obviously has his sound, which is why I work with him: I like his drum sound, his guitar sound, all that stuff.

Armatrading draws on a variety of musical styles for this album, from Stax style brass, rhythm and blues and punk, as well as the rock guitar of Adrian Belew, who had played with David Bowie on Lodger.

The album's title refers to the door key which Armatrading habitually wore around her neck at that time and which is featured in the album's photography. She is also pictured playing a Gibson Les Paul electric guitar.

"(I Love It When You) Call Me Names" was written about two men in a band who were always arguing, and features a guitar solo by Adrian Belew. It was released as a single, though it did not chart. It subsequently became a staple of Armatrading's live performances and has appeared on many of her compilation albums. Armatrading said of the song, "It's come out as a man and a woman, but I was really looking at two guys. Not two gay guys, just two guys who are friends who tend to treat each other like this, always calling each other names. There's sort of this love/hate relationship between them, but you get the feeling that they really enjoy this thing that they're going through."

Reception

The album was a commercial success for Armatrading, reaching number 10 in the UK album charts and number 32 in the US album charts, as well as spawning the hit single "Drop the Pilot". It was certified Gold by the BPI. The album is one of only two Armatrading albums to reach the top 40 in the USA, the other being Me Myself I. The album peaked at number 4 in Australia and was that country's 7th biggest-selling album of the year.

Debra Rae Cohen, writing in The New York Times, said that the album's songs "dwell on the underlying truths and unadmitted paradoxes of love, of independence, and the area where they overlap and struggle", that Armatrading "shows a new control in her arrangements", the album being "one more step in Miss Armatrading's continual journey" and that The Key should help her to "become a household name". Rolling Stone's Don Shewey, however, disapproved of the album's commercial approach, commenting that, "For more than ten years, Armatrading has remained a commercially marginal cult figure, and on The Key, she seems to have decided to part with the one thing standing between her and success: her originality. The album has several pleasantly energetic tunes that anybody could have written. And both her dramatic monologues and her love songs traffic in the kind of musical and lyrical clichés she previously has always avoided or transcended." He singled out "Call Me Names" and "The Key" as the only two standout tracks on the album, and gave it two and a half out of five stars.

Martin C. Strong noted in The Great Rock Discography that the album was "well received" and represented one of Armatrading's "sole sojourns into the American Top 40". Gillian G. Gaar, writing in She's A Rebel, described "(I Love It When You) Call Me Names" as "a cheeky song" and cited it, and the album generally, as an example of the "more commercial sound that resulted in greater album sales in America".

The album was nominated for both the Grammy Awards for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female and Best Album Package at the 1984 Grammy Awards.

Track listing

All tracks written and arranged by Joan Armatrading.

Side 1

1. "(I Love It When You) Call Me Names" 4:23
2. "Foolish Pride" 3:16
3. "Drop the Pilot" 3:41
4. "The Key" 4:01
5. "Everybody Gotta Know" 3:48

Side 2

1. "Tell Tale" 2:31
2. "What Do Boys Dream" 2:55
3. "The Game of Love" 3:34
4. "The Dealer" 3:19
5. "Bad Habits" 3:43
6. "I Love My Baby" 3:29

Personnel

Charts

Certifications

References

1. Connolly, Dave. "The Key". Allmusic. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
2. Christgau, Robert (1990). "A". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-679-73015-X. Retrieved 16 August 2020 – via robertchristgau.com.
3. Larkin, Colin (2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press.
4. "Official Charts: Joan Armatrading". Official Charts.com. Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
5. Mayes, p. 118
6. ^ Considine, J. D. (June 1983). "Joan Armatrading Begins New Quest for Elusive U.S. Hit". Record. 2 (8): 14.
7. Mayes, p. 120
8. Mayes, p. 119
9. Manheim, James M (2001). "Joan Armatrading" in Contemporary Black Biography. Gale (via Answers.com). Retrieved 1 December 2013.
10. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). St. Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 19. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
11. ^ BigKev. "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – 1983". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
12. Cohen, Debra Rae (24 July 1983). "Joan Armatrading's long journey toward renown". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
13. Shewey, Don (9 June 1983). "The Key". Rolling Stone. No. 397. p. 58.
14. Strong, p. 53
15. Gaar, p. 196
16. "Top RPM Albums: Issue 6228b". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
17. "Dutchcharts.nl – Joan Armatrading – The Key" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
18. "Offiziellecharts.de – Joan Armatrading – The Key" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
19. "Charts.nz – Joan Armatrading – The Key". Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
20. "Norwegiancharts.com – Joan Armatrading – The Key". Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
21. "Swedishcharts.com – Joan Armatrading – The Key". Hung Medien. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
22. "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
23. "Joan Armatrading Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
24. "Top Selling Albums of 1983 — The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recorded Music New Zealand. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
25. "British album certifications – Joan Armatrading – The Key". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 1 February 2022.

• Sleeve notes: The Key, 1983, A & M Records (AMLX 64912)
• Gaar, Gillian G (1993) She's A Rebel: The History of Women in Rock and Roll, Blandford ISBN 0-7137-2379-3
• Hardy, Phil, Laing, Dave, Barnard, Stephen, & Perretta, Don (1988) Encyclopedia of Rock, Schirmer. ISBN 0-02-919562-4
• Mayes, Sean (1990). Joan Armatrading – A Biography (unauthorised). Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81058-8.
• Strong, Martin C. (2002) The Great Rock Discography (7th Edition), Canongate Books ISBN 1-84195-551-5

• 1983 albums
• Joan Armatrading albums
• Albums produced by Steve Lillywhite
• Albums produced by Val Garay
• A&M Records albums
• Albums recorded at Polar Studios