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Stephen Daye Sr. (c.1594 – December 22, 1668) emigrated from England to the British colony of Massachusetts and, likely with the help of his son Matthew, became the first printer in colonial America, under indenture to Elizabeth Glover, owner of the first printing press in the British Colonies. He printed the Bay Psalm Book in 1640, the first book known to have been printed in the present day United States.
His printing efforts were largely motivated by the ideals of freedom of religion and freedom of the press.
Life
Daye was born in Sutton, Surrey London, and emigrated on June 7, 1638, to Cambridge, Massachusetts, on board the John of London with Joseph and Elizabeth Glover and their children and three household servants, and his wife Rebecca (Wright) Bordman (Bordman – from a previous marriage) (died October 17, 1658), sons Stephen Jr. (died December 1, 1639), Matthew (died May 10, 1649), and stepson William Bordman (died March 25, 1685). In 1638 he is recorded as being a locksmith by profession who was under financial contract to Reverend Joseph Glover to repay the loan of £51 for ship transportation for himself and his household and the cost of purchasing iron cooking utensils. Further, he was contracted to set up a printing press at Glover's home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and to be paid wages according to Massachusetts custom. Glover died on the ship John of London during the voyage, but Daye was legally bound to fulfill his contract, which is believed to require him to set up and work the printing press with the aid of his sons and stepson in Cambridge. Elizabeth Glover became the legal owner of the press and of Daye's debt and contract upon the death of her husband. She was publisher at the press until her death in 1643, after which Daye was dismissed and his son Matthew installed in his place.
Most historians believe the 1639 broadsheet Oath of a Freeman was the first item printed at the press, by either Daye or Matthew, though no copies survive. This small broadside was an oath of loyalty and duty required of all new colonists in Massachusetts Bay. Accepting the full responsibilities of citizenship in the settlement was symbolized by taking the Oath. However, this work may have actually come second, following the printing of the first almanac composed by William Pierce. Pierce's almanac, as was typical, commenced with the month of March, which according to English law and custom was the first month of the year, rather than the Gregorian calendar that began in January. In 1640, he printed the Bay Psalm Book, the first book published in the American colonies. The Bay Psalm Book was an attempt at a new English translation of the 150 Hebrew psalms and then arranged in verse for singing. Because the Psalms were translated for communal singing, the book served as one of the symbols of religious freedom for people in the colonies. The books first edition was printed in an estimated 1,700 copies. The book was replete with errors and discrepancies, showing the limitations of the Dayes' printing skills. Only eleven surviving copies are known today. The next year, 1641, Daye was rewarded for his work with three hundred acres of land.
Legacy
More than a century after Daye's death, his legacy found renewed fame in Vermont, when his printing press came into the possession of printers Judah Spooner and Timothy Green, who used it to publish the state's first newspaper in Westminster, Vermont, The Vermont Gazette, or Green Mountain Post-Boy, on February 12, 1781. In tribute to this history, in 1932 a regional literary publisher in Brattleboro was christened the Stephen Daye Press, and went on to publish local poets and writers notable to Vermont history, including Elliott Merrick, Mark Whalon, and Walter Hard. Following the United States' entry into World War II, the Stephen Daye Press closed in December 1942.
References
- "The Oath of a Freeman, or of a Man to Be Made Free". Teaching American History. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
- "American Printing". historycambridge.org. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- Daye, Stephen; Green, Samuel; Johnson, Marmaduke; Bradford, William; printers, Colonial; printer, colonial; Zenger, J. Peter; Zenger, John Peter; Thomas, Isaiah (2015-06-04). "Online Exhibition - First Among Many: The Bay Psalm Book and Early Moments in American Printing | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- "[The vvhole booke of Psalmes faithfully translated into English metre. Whereunto is prefixed a discourse declaring not only the lawfullnes, but also the necessity of the heavenly ordinance of singing Scripture Psalmes in the churches of God] ..." Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- Stephen Daye and His Successors The Establishment of a Printing Plant in what was Formerly British North America and the Development of the Art of Printing at the University Press, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1639-1921. Cambridge, Mass.: University Press. 1921. p. 19.
- "Brattleboro Words Trail".
- Greene, Stephanie (April 27, 2017). "Greene: Brattleboro's Stephen Daye Press". Vermont Public Radio.
Bibliography
Further information: Bibliography of early American publishers and printers- Sidney A. Kimber, The Story of an Old Press: An Account of the Hand-Press Known As the Stephen Daye Press, Upon Which Was begun in 1638 the first Printing in British North America. (Cambridge, Massachusetts : University Press, 1937)
- Robert F. Roden, Famous Presses. The Cambridge Press 1638–1692. A History of the First Printing Press Established in English America, together with a bibliographical list of the issues of the press. (New York : Dodd & Mead, 1905)
- "Daye, Stephen". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright 2012, Columbia University Press. Online reprint (FactMonster.com). Retrieved 26 May 2006.
External links
- Stephen Day at Library of Congress, with 1 library catalogue record – reported imprint "S. Daye"
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