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Thunder Bay Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Middle Devonian (Givetian) PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Traverse Group
Sub-units	Partidge Point Member, Potter Farm Member, and Norway Point Member
Underlies	Kettle Point Formation and Squaw Bay Limestone
Overlies	Potter Farm Formation
Thickness	4.88 metres (16.0 ft)
Lithology
Primary	limestone
Other	shale
Location
Region	Michigan
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Thunder Bay (Michigan)

Thunder Bay Limestone is a geologic formation in Michigan that preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Devonian and is the uppermost formation of the Traverse Group.

Description

The name for the formation originates from the description of strata near the "south cape of Thunder Bay" by C. C. Douglas in 1841, this area also represents the type locality of the formation. Due to negligence by multiple later workers, the area was later referred to as the Partridge Point Formation by Warthin & Cooper in 1935. It wasn't until 1943 that Warthin & Cooper would rename the formation back to its original name.

The type locality (Locality 30-8-11 SE) is the largest outcrop of the formation, exposing six units that have a total depth of about 4.8 meters. These units are largely made from light-colored limestones though the bottom-most unit has bluish limestone. The most unique unit would be unit 3 which mostly is made up of grey shales that grades into granular limestone at the surface.

The environment that the formation represents is a shallow carbonate platform with large amounts of coral and shelly fauna. Later formations show an increase in depth as water levels raised in the Eastern Interior seaway. Over time, the seaway would develop a stratified water column. Eventually, younger formations, like the Squaw Bay limestone, would show a deep basin environment.

Paleobiota

Anthozoa

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Antholites	A. alpenensis
Aulacophyllum	A. hemicrassatum
Alveolites	A. sp
Bethanyphyllum	B. geniculatum
Cylindrophyllum	C. grabaui
Cystiphylloides	C. americanum elongatum
Drymopora	D. sp.
Favosites	F. mammillatus
	F. placentus
	F. romingeri
Heterophrentis	H. sp.
Hexagonaria	H. potterensis
Platyaxum	P. sp.
Stereohma	S?. sp. A.
Syringopora	S. sp.
Trachypora	T. alternans
	T. dendroidea
	T. perreticulata
	T. proboscidialis
	T?. reticulata

Brachiopoda

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Athyris	A. sp
Atrypa	A. sp
Camarotoechia	C. sp
Chonetes	C. sp
Cranaena	C. lincklaeni
	C. romingeri
Cytina	C. hamiltonensis
	C. sp
Meristella	M. sp
Mucrospirifer	M. sp
Pentamerella	P. sp
Orthospirifer	O. traversensis

Bryozoa

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Cyphotrypa	C?. unua
Euspilipora	E. serrata
Fenestrellina	F. compacta
	F. longispinosa
	F. nodicula
	F. variifenestrula
Fistuliphragma	F. spinulifera
Fistulipora	F. acervulosa
	F. corrugata
	F. stellifera
	F. sulcata
Hederella	H. cirrhosa
	H. compacta
	H. delicatula
	H. persimilis
	H. rugosa
Lioclema	L. incompositum
	L. minutum
Polypora	P. modesta
Scalaripma	S. approximata
	S. separata
Semicoscinium	S. approximatum
Sulcoretepora	S. hadmiltonensis

Conodonta

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Icriodus	I. cymbiformis
	I. expansus
	I. latericrescens latericrescens
Polygnathus	P. varcus

Echinodermata

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Aorocrinus	A. cassedayi
Atractocrinus	A. campanulatus
Botryocrinus	B. thomasi
Codaster	C. gracile
Corocrinus	C. pettyesi
Dactylocrinus	D. alpena
Dolatocrinus	D. asterias
	D. barrisi
	D. triangulatus
Euryocrinus	E. barrisi
Gennaeocrinus	G. romingeri
Lipsanocystis	L. traversensis
Megistocrinus	M. concavus
	M. multidecoratus
	M. nodosus
	M. novus
	M. tuberatus
Nucleocrinus	N. elegans ?
	N. meloniformis
	N. obovatus
Pentremitidea	P. americana
	P. bassleri
	P. bassleri hastula
	P. milwaukeensis
Stereocrinus	S. barrisi
	S. triangdatus
	S. triangdatus lirata
Synbathocrinus	S. matutinus
	S. sp. cf. S. michiganensis

Mollusca

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Cimitaria	C. recurva
	C. sp
Modiomorpha	M. mytiloides
Mytilarca	M. cf. M. oviformis
Plethomytilus	P. sp

Placodermi

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Ptyctodus	P. sp

Stromatoporoidea

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Stromatopora	S. sp.

Tentaculita

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Tentaculites	T. sp

Trilobita

Genus	Species	Notes	Image
Dechenella	D. reimanni
Dipleura	D. dekayi
Greenops	G. alpenensis
Phacops	P. iowensis
Proetus	P. alpenensis

See also

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Michigan

References

1. Gutschick, Raymond C.; Sandberg, Charles A. (1991), "Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin", Geological Society of America Special Papers, Geological Society of America, pp. 155–180, retrieved 2024-12-15
2. Devonian strata of Alpena and Presque Isle Counties, Michigan
3. Gutschick, Raymond C.; Sandberg, Charles A. (1991-01-01), Catacosinos, Paul A.; Daniels, Paul A., Jr. (eds.), "Late Devonian history of Michigan Basin", Early Sedimentary Evolution of the Michigan Basin, Geological Society of America, p. 0, doi:10.1130/spe256-p181, ISBN 978-0-8137-2256-6, retrieved 2024-12-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
4. Stumm, Erwin C. (1950). "Corals of the Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan. Part III, Antholites, Pleurodictyum, and Procteria". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 8 (8).
5. ^ Stumm, Erwin C. (1963). "Corals of the Traverse Group of Michigan Part XI, Tortophyllum, Bethanyphyllum, Aulacophyllum, and Hallia". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 18 (8).
6. ^ Stumm, Erwin C. (1951). "Check list of fossil invertebrates described from the middle Devonian Traverse group of Michigan". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 9 (1).
7. Ehlers, GEORGE M.; Stumm, ERWIN C. (1949). "Corals of the Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan. Part II. Cylindrophyllum, Depasophyllum, Disphyllum, Eridophyllum, and Synaptophyllum". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 8 (3).
8. Stumm, Erwin C. (1962). "Corals of the Traverse Group of Michigan Part VII, The Digonophyllidae". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 17 (9).
9. Stumm, Erwin Charles; Tyler, John H. (1964). "Corals of the Traverse Group of Michigan Part XII, The Small-Celled Species of Favosites and Emmonsia". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 19 (3).
10. Stumm, Erwin C. (1970). "Corals of the Traverse Group of Michigan Part 13, Hexagonaria". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 23 (5).
11. Stumm, Erwin C. (1962). "Corals of the Traverse Group of Michigan Part VIII, Stereolasma and Heterophrentis". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 17 (10).
12. Stumm, Erwin C.; Hunt, Allen S. (1958). "Corals of the Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan. Part V. Trachypora". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 14 (11).
13. Pitrat, Charles W.; Keyes, Scott W. (1978). "Spiriferid brachiopods from the Traverse Group of Michigan: Cyrtinacea". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (2).
14. Pitrat, Charles W. (1977). "Spiriferid Brachiopods from the Traverse Group of Michigan: Orthospirifer". Journal of Paleontology. 51 (2).
15. ^ Orr, R. William (1971). "Conodonts from Middle Devonian Strata from the Michigan Basin". Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin. 45.
16. Kirk, Edwin (1948). "Two new inadunate crinoid genera from the Middle Devonian ". American Journal of Science. 246 (11).
17. Kesling, Robert V. (1963). "Occurrence and variations of Botryocrinus thomasi Laudon in the Thunder Bay Limestone of Michigan". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 18 (15).
18. ^ Kesling, Robert Vernon (1964). "Two new crinoids of the family Periechocrinitidae from the Middle Devonian Thunder Bay Limestone of Michigan". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 19 (11).
19. Kesling, Robert Vernon; Mintz, Leigh W. (1963). "Dolatocrinus and Stereocrinus, its junior synonym". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 18 (14).
20. Stumm, Erwin C. (1955). "Three new species of the cystid genus Lipsanocystis from the Middle Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 12 (6).
21. Kesling, Robert Vernon; Smith, Raymond N. (1963). "The crinoid Synbathocrinus in the Middle Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 18 (11).
22. ^ Pojeta, John, ed. (1986). "Devonian rocks and Lower and Middle Devonian pelecypods of Guangxi, China, and the Traverse Group of Michigan". Professional Paper. doi:10.3133/pp1394ag. ISSN 2330-7102.
23. Stack, Jack; Sallan, Lauren (2018). "An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan". PeerJ. 6.
24. ^ Strumm, Erwin. C (1953). "Trilobites of the Devonian Traverse group of Michigan". CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 10 (6).

v t e Chronostratigraphy of Michigan
Ph	Cz Q Pleistocene indet. Glacial till Mz J indet. Ionia Formation Pz C ⁋ Grand River Formation Saginaw Formation indet. Parma Sandstone M Bayport Limestone Coldwater Shale Marshall Sandstone Sunbury Shale D Upper indet. Antrim Shale Bedford Shale Berea Sandstone Ellsworth Shale Frasnian Squaw Bay Limestone Middle Givetian Squaw Bay Limestone Alpena Limestone Amherstburg Formation Anderdon Limestone Bell Shale Bois Blanc Formation Dundee Limestone Ferron Point Formation Long Lake Limestone Lucas Formation Rockport Quarry Limestone Rogers City Limestone Sylvania Sandstone Thunder Bay Limestone Lower Garden Island Formation S indet. Bertie Formation Byron Formation Bush Bay Formation Cordell Formation Hendricks Formation Lime Island Formation Pointe aux Chenes Formation Put-in-Bay Dolomite Raisin River Dolomite Rapson Creek Formation Rockview Formation Salina Group Schoolcraft Formation St. Ignace Dolomite Llandovery Cabot Head Shale Manitoulin Dolomite O Upper Sandbian Bill's Creek Shale Big Hill Formation Stonington Formation Middle Darriwilian Bill's Creek Shale Black River Formation Collingwood Shale Trenton Formation Lower Au Train Formation Є Munising Formation
pЄ	♇ Copper Harbor Conglomerate Freda Sandstone Jacobsville Sandstone Nonesuch Shale

• Devonian Michigan
• Middle Devonian Series