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Time in Africa
Time zones	Cape Verde Time Central European Time East Africa Time Eastern European Time Greenwich Mean Time Mauritius Time Seychelles Time South African Standard Time West Africa Time
UTC offsets	UTC−01:00 to UTC+04:00
Time notation(s)	24-hour clock 12-hour clock (uncommon)
Daylight saving time
Observed in	Morocco
tz database
Africa

Africa, the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, spans across six different time zone offsets from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): UTC−01:00 to UTC+04:00. As Africa straddles the equator and tropics, there is little change in daylight hours throughout the year and as such daylight saving time is currently observed in only two countries, Morocco and Egypt. However, it was previously observed in several other countries.

Before the wide adoption of standard time zones, local mean time was widely used in railway time for train timetables and telegraphic time for telegraphy. Local mean time is a solar time that corrects the variations of local apparent time by forming a uniform time scale at a specific longitude; for instance, Liberia observed UTC−0:44:30 instead of an approximate offset such as UTC−01:00. British Rhodesia (at the time administered by the private British South Africa Company) was the first area in Africa to adopt standard time, switching to UTC+02:30 on 1 August 1899 as the previous time standards proved problematic for the railway system. Other countries followed suit, and by 1912, most Portuguese, French and British territories had adopted a standard offset. Liberia was the last country in Africa to adopt a standard offset, doing so on 7 January 1972.

Names for the offsets vary by country and jurisdiction: in Africa, UTC+01:00 is commonly known as "West Africa Time", however Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia designate the offset by its European name, "Central European Time"; UTC+02:00 – commonly known as "Central Africa Time" – is designated as "South African Standard Time" by Eswatini, Lesotho and South Africa, whilst Egypt and Libya designate it by its European name "Eastern European Time". Cape Verde is the only country in Africa which observes UTC−01:00, where it is known as Cape Verde Time (CVT); thirteen countries observe UTC±00:00, fourteen observe UTC+01:00, sixteen observe UTC+02:00, nine observe UTC+03:00, and two (Mauritius and Seychelles) observe UTC+04:00, where the offset is designated as Mauritius Time (MUT) and Seychelles Time (SCT) respectively.

History

Before the wide adoption of standard time zones, local mean time, which is a solar time that corrects the variations of local apparent time by forming a uniform time scale at a specific longitude, such as railway time for train timetables and telegraphic time for telegraphy, was widely used. Due to the large size of the British company rule in Rhodesia, it meant Rhodesia observed three standards of time: UTC+01:30, +2:15 and +2:30; this was problematic for the railway system, so on 1 August 1899 the standard time zones UTC+02:30 was adopted nationwide, consequently resulting in this being the first standard time in Africa. This would soon be followed by Egypt, which adopted standard time on 1 October 1900; Nigeria adopted standard time on 1 July 1905, Seychelles in 1906, Mauritius on 1 January 1907, Togo in 1907, Algeria on 11 March 1911 and Tunisia on 12 April 1911. Most Portuguese territories (including Cape Verde and Mozambique) adopted standard time on 26 May 1911, followed by most remaining French and British territories on 1 July 1911 and 1 January 1912. The Gambia adopted standard time in 1918. Liberia was the last country in Africa to adopt a standard offset, doing so on 7 January 1972. The latest time change was South Sudan, which switched from UTC+3 to +2 on 1 February 2021.

Daylight saving time

As Africa straddles the equator and tropics, there is little change in daylight hours throughout the year and as such daylight saving time (DST) is currently observed in only one country, Morocco, however it was also previously observed in several other countries: the countries that formerly observed DST are South Africa, which last observed it in 1944, Cape Verde in 1945, Madagascar in 1954, Ghana in 1956, Sierra Leone in 1962, Algeria and Chad in 1980, Sudan in 1985, Tunisia in 2008, Mauritius in 2009, Libya in 2012, Egypt in 2015, and Namibia in 2017. Since 2019, Morocco has observed UTC+01:00 year round except during the month of Ramadan, when it switches to UTC±00:00 as to not interfere with the month's fasting (sawm).

Time zones

Country	Time zone	Abbr.	Adopted	zone.tab
UTC−01:00 – Cape Verde Time
Cape Verde	Cape Verde Time	CVT	26 May 1911	Atlantic/Cape Verde
UTC±00:00 – Greenwich Mean Time
Burkina Faso	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912	Africa/Ouagadougou
Côte d'Ivoire	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1911	Africa/Abidjan
The Gambia	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1918	Africa/Banjul
Ghana	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	2 November 1915–31 January 1942 24 October 1945 (readopted)	Africa/Accra
Guinea	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912	Africa/Conakry
Guinea-Bissau	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912	Africa/Bissau
Liberia	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	7 January 1972	Africa/Monrovia
Mali	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 July 1911	Africa/Bamako
Mauritania	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912	Africa/Nouakchott
São Tomé and Príncipe	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912–1 January 2018 1 January 2019 (readopted)	Africa/Sao Tome
Senegal	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1 January 1912	Africa/Dakar
Sierra Leone	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1939	Africa/Freetown
Togo	Greenwich Mean Time	GMT	1907	Africa/Lome
UTC+01:00 – West Africa Time
Algeria	Central European Time	CET	11 March 1911 – 25 February 1940 7 October 1946 – 29 January 1956 14 April 1963 – 21 October 1977 May 1981	Africa/Algiers
Angola	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Luanda
Benin	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Porto-Novo
Cameroon	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Douala
Central African Republic	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Bangui
Chad	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Ndjamena
Democratic Republic of the Congo (western side)	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Kinshasa
Equatorial Guinea	West Africa Time	WAT	1968	Africa/Malabo
Gabon	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Libreville
Morocco	Central European Time	CET	27 October 2018	Africa/Casablanca
Niger	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Niamey
Nigeria	West Africa Time	WAT	1 July 1905–1 July 1908 1 September 1919 (readopted)	Africa/Lagos
Republic of the Congo	West Africa Time	WAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Brazzaville
Tunisia	Central European Time	CET	12 April 1911	Africa/Tunis
UTC+02:00 – Central Africa Time
Botswana	Central Africa Time	CAT	1984	Africa/Gaborone
Burundi	Central Africa Time	CAT	1968	Africa/Bujumbura
Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern side)	Central Africa Time	CAT	1 January 1912	Africa/Lubumbashi
Egypt	Eastern European Time	EET	1 October 1900	Africa/Cairo
Eswatini	South African Standard Time	SAST	1 March 1903	Africa/Mbabane
Lesotho	South African Standard Time	SAST	1 March 1903	Africa/Maseru
Libya	Eastern European Time	EET	5 November 2012	Africa/Tripoli
Malawi	Central Africa Time	CAT	26 August 1966	Africa/Blantyre
Mozambique	Central Africa Time	CAT	1903 (de facto) 26 May 1911 (de jure)	Africa/Maputo
Namibia	Central Africa Time	CAT	10 November 1993	Africa/Windhoek
Rwanda	Central Africa Time	CAT	1922	Africa/Kigali
South Africa	South African Standard Time	SAST	1 March 1903	Africa/Johannesburg
South Sudan	Central Africa Time	CAT	1 February 2021	Africa/Juba
Sudan	Central Africa Time	CAT	1931–15 January 2000 1 November 2017 (readopted)	Africa/Khartoum
Zambia	Central Africa Time	CAT	1924	Africa/Lusaka
Zimbabwe	Central Africa Time	CAT	8 July 1899	Africa/Harare
UTC+03:00 – East Africa Time
Comoros	East Africa Time	EAT	1 July 1911	Indian/Comoro
Djibouti	East Africa Time	EAT	1 July 1911	Africa/Djibouti
Eritrea	East Africa Time	EAT	24 May 1993	Africa/Asmara
Ethiopia	East Africa Time	EAT	17 August 1942	Africa/Addis Ababa
Kenya	East Africa Time	EAT	31 July 1942	Africa/Nairobi
Madagascar	East Africa Time	EAT	1 July 1911	Indian/Antananarivo
Somalia	East Africa Time	EAT	1 July 1911	Africa/Mogadishu
Tanzania	East Africa Time	EAT	21 January 1929–1 January 1936 1 August 1942 (readopted)	Africa/Dar es Salaam
Uganda	East Africa Time	EAT	23 July 1976	Africa/Kampala
UTC+04:00 – Mauritius Time; Seychelles Time
Mauritius	Mauritius Time	MUT	1 January 1907	Indian/Mauritius
Seychelles	Seychelles Time	SCT	1906	Indian/Mahe

See also

• African time–a perceived cultural tendency in parts of Africa and the Caribbean toward a more relaxed attitude to time
• Daylight saving time in Africa
• Date and time notation in Africa
• Lists of time zones
• Geography of Africa

Notes

1. ^ Including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which observes two time zones, UTC+01:00 and +2.
2. Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia designate this offset as "Central European Time".
3. First appeared in the 1969 "Sailing Directions for Southwest Coast of Africa, Cape Palmas to Cape of Good Hope" published by the Naval Oceanographic Office, which is compiled the year before publication. Equatorial Guinea did not appear in the 1968 edition (compiled in 1967) or earlier.
4. Eswatini, Lesotho and South Africa designate this offset as "South African Standard Time" and Egypt and Libya designate it as "Eastern European Time".

References

General

• Ogle, Vanessa (2015). The Global Transformation of Time 1870-1950. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674737020. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
• Shanks, Thomas G. (1985) "The International Atlas: World Longitudes and Latitudes Time Changes and Time Zones". ACS Publications. ISBN 9780917086571. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
• Pearce, Chris (2017). The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy. Australian eBook Publisher. ISBN 9781925516968. Retrieved 13 September 2021.

Inline

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44. Ivory Coast. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
45. Cote d'Ivoire Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
46. Gambia, The. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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48. Ghana. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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53. Guinea. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
54. Guinea Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
55. Guinea-Bissau. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
56. Guinea-Bissau Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
57. Liberia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
58. Liberia Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
59. Mali. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
60. Mali Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
61. Mauritania. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
62. Mauritania Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
63. Sao Tome and Principe. "time difference: UTC 0". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
64. São Tomé and Príncipe Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
65. Decree No. 25/2017. mnec.gov.st. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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67. Senegal. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
68. Senegal Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
69. Sierra Leone. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
70. Sierra Leone Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
71. Ogle 2015, p. 80.
72. Togo. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC 0". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
73. Togo Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
74. Algeria. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
75. Algeria Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
76. Angola. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
77. Angola Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
78. Benin. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
79. Benin Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
80. Cameroon. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
81. Cameroon Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
82. Central African Republic. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
83. Central African Republic Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
84. Chad. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
85. Chad Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
86. Congo, Democratic Republic of the. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "...note: the DRC has two time zones". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
87. ^ Democratic Republic of the Congo Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
88. Equatorial Guinea. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
89. Equatorial Guinea Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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91. Gabon. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
92. Gabon Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
93. Morocco. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
94. Morocco Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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98. Niger Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
99. Nigeria. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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104. Republic of the Congo Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
105. Tunisia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+1". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
106. Tunisia Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
107. Botswana. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+2". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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119. Libya Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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130. Rwanda Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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141. Zambia Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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143. Zimbabwe. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+2". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
144. Zimbabwe Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
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147. Comoros. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
148. Comoros Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
149. Djibouti. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
150. Djibouti Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
151. Eritrea. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
152. Eritrea Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
153. Ethiopia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
154. Ethiopia Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
155. Faculty of Law, Haile Sellassie I University (1972) "Consolidated Laws of Ethiopia: An Unofficial Compilation of National Laws in Effect as of September 10, 1969. Prepared in Co-operation with the Office of the Prime Minister, Imperial Ethiopian Government, by the Faculty of Law, Haile Sellassie I University  • Volume 2". p. 821. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
156. Kenya. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
157. Kenya Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
158. Ham, Anthony; Kaminski, Anna; Duthie, Shawn (2018) "Lonely Planet Kenya". Lonely Planet Publications. Kenya → "Time: East Africa Time (GMT/UTC plus three hours)". Retrieved 14 September 2021.
159. The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120), Government Notice №655. 16 July 1942. Kenya Official Gazette Supplement, No. 32. p. 331. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
160. Madagascar. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
161. Madagascar Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
162. Time in Madagascar at Lonely Planet. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
163. Somalia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
164. Somalia Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
165. United States. Bureau of Standards (1932) Issue 399, Circular of the Bureau of Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 14. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
166. Tanzania. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
167. Tanzania Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
168. Time in Tanzania. Lonely Planet. 5 September 2021.
169. "Gazette. Supplement ", 1929. Tanganyika. p. 9 "Interpretation (Standard Time) Order, 21 January 1929. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
170. Interpretation (Standard Time) Order, 1 January 1936. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
171. Interpretation (Standard Time) Order, 1 August 1942. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
172. Uganda. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+3". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
173. Uganda Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
174. Time in Uganda. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
175. Interpretation Act, 23 July 1976. Law Reform Commission of Uganda. ULII – Legal Information Institute (LII). Part VI – Miscellaneous, 33. Time. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
176. Mauritius. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+4". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
177. Mauritius Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
178. Seychelles. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "time difference: UTC+4". Retrieved 5 September 2021.
179. Seychelles Time Zone. TimeTemperature.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.

External links

• Time zone abbreviations in Africa at TimeAndDate.com
• Current local time in Africa at WorldTimeZone
• Standard Time Zone chart of the World in 1920 (and other years) at WorldTimeZone.com

• Time in Africa
• Time zones