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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was known as Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius) prior to 1945 and Twangste prior to 1255.

Era of Teutonic Order

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Timeline860–1721 • 1721–1796 • 1796–1855 1855–1894 • 1894–1917 • 1917–1927 1927–1953 • 1953–1964 • 1964–1982 1982–1991 • 1991–present
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v t e

• 1255 – Fortress built by Teutonic Knights during Prussian Crusade, on the basis of a Prussian settlement Twangste.
• 1256 – Settlement formed north of the fortress.
• 1262 – Prussians begin to besiege castle during the Great Prussian Uprising.
• 1264 – Settlement developed south of the castle.
• 1286 – Königsberg chartered.
• 1300 – Town of Löbenicht built.
• 1324 – Town of Kneiphof founded.
• 1333 - Construction of Königsberg Cathedral begins.
• 1340 – Königsberg joins Hanseatic League.
• 1377 – Köttelbrücke (bridge) built.
• 1379 (or 1397) – Schmiedebrücke (bridge) built.
• 1380 – Cathedral built in Kneiphof (approximate date).
• 1387 – Kneiphof Town Hall renovated.

15th century

• 1440 – The city becomes a founding member of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation.
• 1454
  • March: Inclusion of the city, in Polish known as Królewiec, within the borders of the Kingdom of Poland following a request of the Prussian Confederation.
  • March: The local mayor pledged allegiance to the Polish King during the incorporation of the region in Kraków.
  • March: City authorized by the Polish king to mint Polish coins.
  • April: City becomes the capital of the Królewiec Voivodeship within Poland.
• 1455 – Captured by Teutonic Knights during the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1457 – City becomes capital of the State of the Teutonic Order.
• 1464 – Georg Steinhaupt becomes mayor.
• 1465 – Landing force from Polish-allied Elbląg destroyed the shipyard near the Old Town, preventing the Teutonic Knights from rebuilding their fleet until the end of the Thirteen Years' War.
• 1466 – Second Treaty of Thorn: the city becomes a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order.

16th century

• 1519–21 – Polish-Teutonic War. The city opposed the Teutonic Knights' war against Poland and demanded peace.
• 1520 – Mikolaj Firlej lays siege to the town
• 1521–24 – Secularization of the Teutonic Order
• 1523 – Printing press in operation.
• 1525 – Treaty of Kraków: Königsberg/Królewiec becomes the capital of the Duchy of Prussia, Albert becomes first Duke of Prussia as a vassal of Poland. Treaty confirmed by city representatives.
• 1529 – Castle Library established
• 1542 – Pedagogium founded by Albert Hohenzollern in Kneiphof
• 1544 – Albertina University (Lutheran) founded by Albert, Duke of Prussia.
• 1545 – Oldest Polish catechism published by Jan Seklucjan.
• 1547 – Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas published.
• 1550 – Population: 14,000.
• 1553 – Oldest Polish translation of the New Testament, by Stanisław Murzynowski, published.
• 1560 – 28 March: King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland confers university privileges on the Albertina University, on a par with the Jagiellonian University.
• 1561 – First acquisition of citizenship in the city by a Scot.
• 1566
  • Duke Albert attempted to introduce absolutist rule in violation of the Treaty of Kraków.
  • August–October: Stay and intervention of Polish Royal commissioners, restoration of the previous legal order.
  • 4 October: Decree expanding the rights of Polish rulers and of the nobility and cities in the duchy.
  • 22 October: Decree settling the city's conflict with Duke Albert, instituted by Polish Royal commissioners.
• 1568 – March: Albert Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.
• 1577 – City opposes the regency of George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
• 1579 – Renewed city resistance to the regency of George Frederick. The city supports the nobility's request to the Polish King to send a Polish Royal Commission to the city.
• 1580 – Arrival of George Frederick to establish his rule.
• 1590 – Green Bridge rebuilt.
• 1594 – Schlosskirche (castle church) dedicated

17th century

• 1616 – A Catholic church erected by order of King Sigismund III Vasa and the bishop of Warmia
• 1618 – Duchy of Prussia passes under control of Electors of Brandenburg, August: John Sigismund becomes Duke of Prussia
• 1619 – December: George William becomes Duke of Prussia
• 1626 – City walls built.
• 1629 – City refuses to pay taxes to the duchy.
• 1632 – King Władysław IV Vasa of Poland supports the city in its dispute with Duke George William.
• 1635
  • January: Agreement between the King of Poland and the city, granting the city the right to organize its military defense against a possible Swedish attack in exchange for exemption from taxes.
  • July: Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.
  • July: Jerzy Ossoliński appointed the Polish governor of the duchy by King Władysław IV Vasa.
  • Jerzy Ossoliński completes the fortification of the city against a potential Swedish attack.
• 1636 – Visit of King Władysław IV Vasa.
• 1640 – December: Frederick William becomes Duke of Prussia
• 1647 – Neurossgarten Church dedicated
• 1657
  • Brandenburg Gate built.
  • Fort Friedrichsburg under construction
  • City opposes the rule of Elector Frederick William, and sides with Poland.
• 1662
  • City sends a letter to King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland, opposing the rule of Elector Frederick William.
  • 8 July: Confederation formed in the city to maintain Poland's sovereignty over the city and region.
  • 27 October: The Brandenburg Elector and his army enter the city.
  • 30 October: Hieronymus Roth, leader of the city's anti-Elector opposition, abducted by Brandenburg forces, and then imprisoned.
• 1663 – City burghers, forced by Frederick William, swear an oath of allegiance to him, however, in the same ceremony they still also pledge allegiance to Poland.
• 1688 – April: Frederick becomes Duke of Prussia.

18th century

• 1701
  • 18 January: Coronation of Frederick I of Prussia in the Schlosskirche.
  • Capital of Duchy of Prussia relocated from Königsberg to Berlin.
• 1709 – Plague.
• 1718
  • City Library opens.
  • Poczta Królewiecka Polish-language newspaper begins publication (ceased in 1720).
• 1724
  • 22 April: Birth of Immanuel Kant, philosopher.
  • June: City of Königsberg expanded by uniting Altstadt, Kneiphof, and Löbenicht.
  • Königsberg City Archive is located in the Town Hall (approximate date).
• 1734 – 8 August: Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński stops in the city.
• 1735 – Math problem "Seven Bridges of Königsberg" presented.
• 1736
  • 26 January: Stanisław Leszczyński signed an act of renunciation of the Polish crown in the city.
  • 27 March: Stanisław Leszczyński left the city for France on March 27, 1736.
• 1756 – Synagogue built.
• 1758
  • 14 January: Forces of the Kingdom of Prussia withdraw from the city.
  • 16 January: Russian forces enter city.
  • 24 January: City becomes part of Russia.
• 1764 – Russian occupation ends.
• 1765 – Gumbinnen Gate built.
• 1780 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel becomes mayor.
• 1790 – Königshalle built.

19th century

• 1804 – 12 February: Death of Immanuel Kant, philosopher.
• 1807 – French in power.
• 1809 – Paradeplatz city garden established.

• 1810 – August Wilhelm Heidemann becomes mayor.
• 1812 – School of church music founded.
• 1813 – Koenigsberg Observatory built.
• 1814 – Carl Friedrich Horn becomes mayor.
• 1826 – Johann Friedrich List becomes mayor.
• 1828 – Royal and University Library formed.
• 1830 – Population: 54,000.
• 1831 – Polish poet Wincenty Pol interned in the city following the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising. He wrote his first poems there.
• 1833 – University's Department of Chemistry opens in Neurossgarten.
• 1838 – Rudolf von Auerswald becomes mayor.
• 1845
  • Union Giesserei foundry in business.
  • New Altstadt Church dedicated.
  • Art academy opens.
• 1851 – Grolman Bastion built.
• 1855
  • Sailing Club founded.
  • Rossgarten Gate rebuilt.
• 1856 – Königsberg Cathedral restored.
• 1858 – Dohna Tower built.
• 1860 – Astronomic Bastion built.
• 1861
  • 18 October: Coronation of William I, German Emperor, in the Schlosskirche.
  • Albertina University new campus dedicated.
• 1863–1864 – Arms trafficking for Polish insurgents during the January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland, co-organized by Wojciech Kętrzyński.
• 1867 – Population: 101,507.
• 1875
  • Johann Karl Adolf Selke becomes mayor.
  • Königsberg Stock Exchange built in Vorstadt.
• 1878 – Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
• 1880
  • Bronsart Fort built.
  • Population: 140,800.
• 1883 – High Bridge rebuilt.
• 1886 – Siemering Museum established.
• 1889 – Eisenbahnbrücke (bridge) opens.

• 1890 – Population: 161,666.
• 1892 – Baltika Stadium opens.
• 1893 – Hermann Theodor Hoffmann becomes mayor.
• 1896 – Zoo founded.
• 1897 – Königsberger Tageblatt (newspaper) in publication.
• 1898 – Palaestra Albertina established.
• 1900
  • Football Club Königsberg formed.
  • Population: 187,897.

20th century

1900-1945

• 1901
  • Queen Louise Memorial Church and Pillau-Königsberg canal built.
  • Königsberger Volkszeitung [de] (newspaper) in publication.
• 1903 – Siegfried Körte becomes mayor.
• 1905 - Population: 219,862.
• 1906 – Bismarck tower built near city.
• 1907 – Church of the Holy Family built.
• 1912 – Stadthalle opens.
• 1913
  • New Tragheim Church dedicated.
  • Kunsthalle Königsberg (art gallery) opens.
• 1914 – City bombed by Russian forces.
• 1919
  • Hans Lohmeyer becomes mayor.
  • City becomes part of the German Reich.
  • Population: 260,895.
• 1920 – 24 April: Consulate of Poland opened.
• 1921 – Königsberg Devau Airport opens.

• 1927 – City Hall relocated to Hansaplatz.
• 1928 – Königsberg City Museum opens.
• 1929 – Central railway terminal opens.
• 1931 – Last Polish book in the pre-1945 city published.
• 1933 – Hellmuth Will becomes mayor.
• 1934 – Hansaplatz renamed Adolf-Hitler-Platz.
• 1939
  • Lasch Bunker built in Paradeplatz.
  • Population: 368,433.
  • 25 August: The local Gestapo issued an arrest warrant for all Polish teachers in the region.
  • August–September: Persecution of Poles, incl. mass arrests of Polish students and arrests of local Polish consul Jerzy Warchełowski and attaché Witold Winiarski.
  • October: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Romani people.
• 1941 – 1 September: Aerial bombing by Soviet forces begins.
• 1942 – 24 June: The Nazi SS sends the first deportation of Jews from Königsberg and the province of East Prussia to extermination camps.
• 1944
  • August: Aerial bombing by British forces; city extensively damaged.
  • 19 August: The Germans established a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp, in which around 500 Jews were subjected to forced labour.
• 1945
  • January: Subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp dissolved.
  • January: Battle of Königsberg begins.
  • February: Metgethen massacre.
  • 9 April: Battle of Königsberg ends; Soviets in power.

1946-1990s

• 1946
  • April: City becomes part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, per Potsdam Agreement.
  • City renamed Kaliningrad after Bolshevik Mikhail Kalinin.
  • City becomes seat of the newly formed Kaliningrad Oblast.
  • Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Arts founded.
  • Kaliningradskaya Pravda newspaper begins publication.
• 1947 – Kaliningrad Regional Drama Theatre established.
• 1954 – Pishchevik Kaliningrad football club formed.
• 1956 – Population: 188,000.

• 1960 – Theatre on Mira Avenue rebuilt.
• 1965 - Population: 253,000.
• 1967 – Kaliningrad State University active.
• 1979
  • Khrabrovo Airport terminal built.
  • Kaliningrad Amber Museum opens.
• 1985 - Population: 385,000.
• 1988 – Kaliningrad State Art Gallery established.
• 1989 – Population: 401,280; oblast 871,283.
• 1990
  • Chamber of Commerce founded.
  • City opens to foreign tourists.
• 1994 – Kaliningrad State Technical University active.
• 1996 – Leonid Gorbenko becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
• 1998 – The Voice from the Pregel Polish-language magazine in publication.

21st century

• 2001 – Vladimir Yegorov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
• 2005
  • July: 750th anniversary of city founding.
  • Kaiser Bridge reconstructed (approximate date).
  • Georgy Boos becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
• 2007
  • Alexander Jaroschuk becomes mayor.
  • Khrabrovo Airport new terminal opens.
• 2008 – Cathedral of Christ the Saviour consecrated.
• 2010
  • 30 January: Protest against governor Georgy Boos.
  • Population: 431,500; oblast 941,873.
  • Nikolay Tsukanov becomes governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.
• 2012 – Poland-Russia border near Kaliningrad Oblast opens.

See also

• History of Kaliningrad
• Königsberg
• List of monarchs of Prussia, 1525-1701
• Timelines of other cities in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia: Pskov, St. Petersburg

References

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3. ^ Richard Armstedt (1899). Geschichte der königl. Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in Preussen [History of the Royal Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Stuttgart: Hobbing & Büchle.
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6. Górski, pp. 71–72
7. Górski, p. 63
8. ^ Podbereski 2010, p. 113.
9. "Kalendarz dat: 1465". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
10. Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
11. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 248.
12. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
13. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 249.
14. ^ Podbereski 2010, p. 114.
15. Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 52. ISSN 1428-8982.
16. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 250.
17. ^ George Henry Townsend (1867), "Königsberg (Prussia)", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
18. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 252.
19. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 253.
20. ^ Małłek 1992, p. 254.
21. Małłek 1992, pp. 254–255.
22. Małłek 1992, p. 255.
23. ^ Julius Petzholdt (1853), Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
24. Ciesielski, Tomasz (2010). "Prusy Wschodnie w trakcie polskiej wojny sukcesyjnej i wojny siedmioletniej". In Gieszczyński, Witold; Kasparek, Norbert (eds.). Wielkie wojny w Prusach. Działania militarne między dolną Wisłą a Niemnem na przestrzeni wieków (in Polish). Dąbrówno. p. 108. ISBN 978-83-62552-00-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
25. ^ Ciesielski, p. 113
26. Ciesielski, p. 165
27. ^ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Konigsberg", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
28. Podbereski 2010, p. 115.
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30. Podbereski 2010, p. 116.
31. J. Niederstetter, ed. (1867). Staats-Almanach für das Königreich Preußen (in German). Berlin: Heymann.
32. Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Königsberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
33. ^ "Kaliningrad Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
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41. Ceranka, Paweł; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 196. ISBN 978-83-65681-93-5.
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This article incorporates information from the German Misplaced Pages and Russian Misplaced Pages.

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Königsberg", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
• Richard Brookes (1786), "Konigsburg", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Königsberg", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Augustus Bozzi Granville (1829). "(Königsberg)". St. Petersburgh: A journal of travels to and from that capital. H. Colburn.
• "Königsberg", Leigh's New Descriptive Road Book of Germany, London: Leigh and Son, 1837
• "Königsberg". Penny Cyclopaedia. London. 1839.
• "Königsberg". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
• John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Königsberg", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Königsberg", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
• "Königsberg", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896

Published in the 20th century

• "Königsberg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 894–895.
• "Kaliningrad", Scandinavian & Baltic Europe (4th ed.), Lonely Planet, 1999, p. 300+, OL 8314793M
• James Charles Roy (1999). The Vanished Kingdom: Travels Through the History of Prussia. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-8133-3793-7.
• Olga Sezneva (2000). "Historical Representation and the Politics of Memory in Kaliningrad, Former Königsberg". Polish Sociological Review (131): 323–338. JSTOR 41274763.

Published in the 21st century

• Peter Savodnik (2003). "Kaliningrad". Wilson Quarterly. 27 (2): 16–22. JSTOR 40261179.
• Ann Kennard (2010). "Case Study 1: Kaliningrad". Old Cultures, New Institutions: Around the New Eastern Border of the European Union. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 133–161. ISBN 978-3-643-10751-0.

in other languages

• Karl Faber (1840). Die Haupt- und Residenz-Stadt Königsberg in Preußen [Capital and Residence City of Königsberg in Prussia] (in German). Königsberg: Gräfe und Unzer.
• Alexander Jung (1846). Königsberg und die Königsberger (in German). Leipzig: Hermann Kirchner.
• F.W. Schubert (1855). Zur sechshundertjährigen Jubelfeier der Stadt Königsberg [600th Jubilee Celebration of the City of Königsberg] (in German). Königsberg: Verlag von Schubert und Seidel.
• "Konigsberg". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
• August Wilhelm Grube (1875). "Königsberg". Charakterbilder Deutschen Landes und Lebens fur Schule und Haus (in German) (10th ed.). Leipzig: F. Brandstetter.
• "Königsberg". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1898.
• P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Konigsberg". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• "Konigsberg", Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 2, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1979, ISBN 3891150008
• Małłek, Janusz (1992). "Polityka miasta Królewca wobec Polski w latach 1525–1701". Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie (in Polish). No. 3–4.
• Podbereski, Wacław (2010). "Królewiec – Koenigsberg – Kaliningrad". Znad Wilii (in Polish). Vol. 4, no. 44. ISSN 1392-9712.
• Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Königsberg". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1153+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Kaliningrad, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Kaliningrad, various dates
• Links to fulltext city directories for Konigsberg via Wikisource

54°43′00″N 20°31′00″E / 54.716667°N 20.516667°E / 54.716667; 20.516667

• History of Kaliningrad
• Timelines of cities in Russia