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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.

Prior to 20th century

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• 550 BCE - Achaemenids in power (approximate date).
• 100s CE - Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen.
• 633 CE - Regional Islamization.
• 696 CE - Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated.
• 865 CE - Flood destroy a portion of the city.
• 1507 - City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque.
• 1522 - Uprising against Portuguese rule.
• 1546 - City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing.
• 1552 - Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period.
• 1581 - City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing.
• 1586-1588 - Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed.
• 1624 - Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city.
• 1640 - City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid.
• 1648 - City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace.
• 1650 - City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted.
• 1670 - Dutch East India Company factory established.
• 1738 - Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars.
• 1740s - Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power.
• 1792 - Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat.
• 1800 - British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat.
• 1806 - Said bin Sultan in power.
• 1832 - Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan.
• 1845 - Bait al-Falaj Fort built.
• 1856 - Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
• 1879 - The United States consulate is established in Muscat.
• 1890 - Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people.
• 1893 - Hospital established.
• 1894 - French consulate established.
• 1899 - Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat.

20th century

• 1928 - Al-Sa'idiyah School established.
• 1929 - Vehicular road into city built "by the hacking out of a one-lane track through the mountains."
• 1932 - Said bin Taimur becomes sultan.
• 1939 - Municipal council established.
• 1943 - Bombing of ship in harbor by Japanese forces.
• 1948 - British Bank of the Middle East branch in business.
• 1949 - Municipal Law for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued.
• 1951 - Indian consulate established.
• 1952 - Population: 4,200 in town (approximate estimate).
• 1960 - Population: 5,080 in town; 6,208 urban agglomeration (approximate estimate).
• 1962 - Muttrah-Muscat road paved.
• 1963 - Slavery abolished.
• 1967 - Petroleum Development Oman headquartered in Muscat.
• 1968 - Electric power plant commissioned in Riyam.
• 1970 - Qaboos bin Said al Said in power.
• 1972
  • June: Muttrah and Muscat merge to form the Muscat Municipality.
  • Al Alam Palace built.
• 1973
  • Seeb Airport opens.
  • British School – Muscat established.
• 1974
  • Port Sultan Qaboos built in Muttrah.
  • Museum of Omani Heritage opens.
• 1975
  • Office of municipality president established.
  • Times of Oman newspaper begins publication.
• 1981
  • Oman Daily Observer newspaper begins publication.
  • Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor and Ministry of Petroleum built.
• 1984 - Muscat Governorate established.
• 1985
  • Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Muscat.
  • Al-Bustan Palace Hotel in business.
  • Oman Natural History Museum opens.
• 1986 - Sultan Qaboos University opens.
• 1987 - Royal Hospital built.
• 1988
  • Muscat Securities Market established.
  • Alwatan newspaper in publication.
  • French embassy built.
• 1990 - Oman Children's Museum established.
• 1992 - Omani French Museum established.
• 1993
  • 40,856 in city.
  • Dam and Oman International Bank built.
  • Oman Society for Fine Arts established.
• 1995 - Oman Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre established.
• 1996 - National Hospitality Institute headquartered in city.
• 1998 - Bait al Zubair museum opens.

21st century

• 2001
  • Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque built.
  • Muscat Gate Museum opens.
  • Population: 685,676 in governorate.
• 2006 - Bait Al Baranda (house museum) opened.
• 2010 - Al-Musannah Sports City opened.
• 2011
  • Royal Opera House Muscat opened in Shati Al-Qurm.
• 2012 - Muscat Expressway built.
• 2013 - Fish souk rebuilt.
• 2018
  • Swedish EDM producer Avicii died by suicide in Muscat.
  • Population: 315,443 (estimate).
• 2020
  • in January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said became the new successor of Oman after the sad demise of the then His Majesty Sultan Qaboos.
  • NOC (No Objection Certificate) abolished amidst COVID-19.

See also

• Muscat history
• List of cities in Oman (also by population, in German)
• Old Muscat

References

1. ^ Turner 2008.
2. ^ Peterson 2007.
3. ^ "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.
4. BBC News (24 August 2011). "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
5. Bosworth 2007.
6. "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
7. Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
8. Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.
9. Watson 1996.
10. ^ "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.
11. ^ "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
12. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M
13. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
14. ^ "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
15. ^ (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015
16. "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
17. "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
18. Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.
19. Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
20. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

• Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the Province of Oman". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004297621. Maskat
• William Milburn (1813), "Muscat", Oriental Commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, London: Black, Parry & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1hh6sn82, OCLC 6856418
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Mascat", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
• James Horsburgh (1852). "Arabia, N.E. Coast: Muscat". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co. – via Google Books.
• Grattan Geary (1878), "Muscat", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
• Edward Balfour (1885), "Muscat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014

Published in 20th century

• "Muscat", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3bz6g65j
• John Gordon Lorimer (1908). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Calcutta. pp. 1364–1425. hdl:2027/uc1.l0061307658.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Muscat", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
• Fred Scholz (1990). Muscat, Sultanat Oman: geographische Skizze einer einmaligen arabischen Stadt [Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: geographical sketch of a unique Arabian city] (in German). Berlin: Das arabische Buch. ISBN 978-3-923446-58-2.
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Muscat". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. p. 529. ISBN 1884964036.
• Abdelhamid Mahmoud Hussein Nasr (1997). Musqat asimat Oman (in Arabic). Irbid.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Published in 21st century

• Clifford Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Muscat". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 417–419. ISBN 978-9004153882.
• J.E. Peterson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Muscat. Brill. p. 117+. ISBN 978-90-04-15266-3.
• Angie Turner (2008), "Muscat", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, USA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 262–264, ISBN 9781576079195
• J.E. Peterson (2014). "Muscat as a Port City". In Lawrence G. Potter (ed.). The Persian Gulf in Modern Times: People, Ports, and History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153+. ISBN 978-1-137-48577-9.

External links

• Map of Muscat, 1985
• "(Muscat)". Qatar Digital Library. Qatar National Library.
• Europeana. Items related to Muscat, various dates.

v t e Muscat Governorate
Provinces	Al Amarat Bawshar Muscat Muttrah Seeb
Cities	Abu Nukhayl Ad Duwaykah Al Amarat Al Bustan Al Jafnayn Al Khawd Ash Shutayfi Bandar Jissah Bandar Khayran Bawshar Bayt al Falaj Bin `Umran Falaj Falaj ash Sham Fath al Bu Sa`id Ghallah Ghubrah Ghursheba Halban Hamriyah Haramil Hayl al `Umayr Jal Jifar Kalbuh Lansab Ma`abilah Manumah Muscat Matrah Mawalih Mu`skar al Murtafi`ah Qantab Riyam Rusayl Ruwi Sad Saruq Sayh al Malih Seeb Sidab Suraj Tawiyan Tawiyan Yiti Taww Wadi Kabir Wutayyah Yenkit Yiti

• History of Muscat, Oman
• Timelines of cities in Asia
• Oman history-related lists
• Years in Oman
• Timelines of capitals