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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Seoul, South Korea.

Prior to 14th century

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History of Korea
Prehistoric period Palaeolithic 700,000 BC-8000 BC Neolithic 8000 BC–1500 BC * Jeulmun Bronze Age 1500 BC–300 BC * Mumun * Liaoning dagger
Ancient period Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC * Dangun * Gija * Wiman Jin 4th–2nd century BC Yemaek
Proto–Three Kingdoms period Takri Dongye Buyeo Eastern Galsa Okjeo Samhan Ma Byeon Jin Goguryeo Tamna Nakrang Four Commanderies of Han
Three Kingdoms period Goguryeo 37 BC–668 AD Baekje 18 BC–660 AD Silla 57 BC–935 AD Gaya confederacy 42–562 Tamna (Tributary of Baekje) 498–660 Usan 512–930
Northern and Southern period United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–892 Balhae 698–926 Little Goguryeo 699–820 Tamna (Tributary of Silla) 662–925
Later Three Kingdoms period Later Baekje 892–936 Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918 Unified Silla (Later Silla) 892–935 Later Sabeol 919–927 Dongdan Kingdom 926–936 Later Balhae 927–935 Jeongan 938–986
Dynastic period Goryeo 918–1392 Tamna (Vassal of Goryeo) 938–1105 Heungyo 1029–1030 Joseon 1392–1897 Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period Japanese occupation 1910–1945 Provisional Government 1919–1948
Modern period Military governments 1945–1948 North-South division 1945–present * North 1948–present * South 1948–present
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• 18 BCE – Baekje, Wirye-seong, settled. Seoul started functioning as the royal capital of Baekje until 475.
• 475 – Seoul changed hands from Baekje to Goguryeo.
• 551 – Seoul changed hands from Goguryeo to Baekje.
• 553 – Seoul changed hands from Baekje to Silla.
• 901 – Seoul under control of Taebong as Silla became divided into three kingdoms.
• 918 – Seoul became a part of newly founded Goryeo as the prior regime Taebong was overthrown.
• 1104 – Sukjong of Goryeo builds a palace in Seoul and declared it the second capital 'Namgyeong' meaning 'Southern Capital'.

14th-18th century

• 1394
  • Capital of the Joseon dynasty relocates to Seoul from Kaesong.
  • Jongmyo (shrine) built.
• 1395
  • Gyeongbokgung Palace built.
  • Jogyesa temple established.
• 1396 – Fortress Wall construction begins.
• 1398
  • Eight Gates built.
  • Sungkyunkwan founded.
• 1412 – Changdeokgung Palace built.
• 1414 – Namdaemun Market active.
• 1447 – Namdaemun rebuilt.
• 1467 – Wongaksa Pagoda constructed.
• 1592 – April: City taken by Japanese forces.

18th-19th century

• 1711 – Donuimun and Gwanghuimun (gates) rebuilt.
• 1741 – Changuimun (gate) rebuilt.
• 1796 – Hwaseong Fortress built.
• 1867 – Gwanghwamun (gate) reconstructed.
• 1897
  • Kurisudo sinmun newspaper begins publication.
  • Independence Gate erected.
• 1898 – Myeongdong Cathedral consecrated.
• 1899 – Gwallim Middle School established.
• 1900
  • Gyeongseong Station opens.
  • Incheon-Seoul and Chemulpo-Seoul railways begin operating.

20th century

1900s-1950s

• 1901 – Busan-Seoul railway begins operating.
• 1905
  • Uiju-Seoul railway begins operating.
  • Dongdaemun Market in business.
• 1906 – Keijō Nippō newspaper established.
• 1907 – Seoul Sanitation Association founded.
• 1908 – Gyeongseong Gamok (prison) in operation.
• 1910
  • Japanese in power; city renamed "Keijō"
  • Population: 200,000 (approximate).
• 1914 – Outer parts of Gyeongseongbu were ceded to Goyang County.
• 1915 – Joseon Industrial Exhibition held in Gyeongbokgung
• 1920 – Chosun Ilbo and Dong-a Ilbo newspapers begin publication.
• 1922 – Namsan Public Library established.
• 1924 – Keijō Imperial University founded.
• 1925 – Seoul Station opens.
• 1926 – Japanese General Government Building constructed.
• 1927 – Noryangjin Fish Market in business.
• 1936 – The expansion of Gyeongseongbu was implemented absorbing Cheongnyangni, Anam, Sincheon, etc.
• 1940 – Joseon Grand Exposition held in Seoul
• 1945 – National Library of Korea and National Museum of Korea established.
• 1946
  • City renamed "Seoul" (approximate date).
  • Kim Hyongmin becomes mayor.
  • Seoul National University established.
• 1947 – Samsung Sanghoe in business.
• 1948
  • City becomes capital of Republic of Korea.
  • Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
• 1949
  • Seoul designated a special city (administrative division).
  • Expended to today's Gangbuk-gu to the north and Guro-dong, Sindorim-dong(including today's Daerim dong) to the south.
  • Population: 1,446,019.
• 1950
  • 28 June: Hangang Bridge bombing; city taken by North Korean army.
  • 16 July: Yongsan bombing.
  • 22–25 September: Second Battle of Seoul.
• 1951
  • January: Third Battle of Seoul.
  • 14 March: City taken by United Nations forces.
• 1953 – Korean Republic newspaper begins publication.
• 1954 – Hankook Ilbo newspaper begins publication.
• 1958 – Gimpo International Airport in operation.

1960s-1990s

• 1960 – Gyeongdong Market in business.
• 1963 – The great expansion was implemented, incorporating parts of counties of Gimpo, Gwangju, Siheung, Yangju, and Bucheon.
• 1965 – Population: 3,793,280.
• 1969 – N Seoul Tower built.
• 1970
  • Gyeongbu Expressway constructed.
  • Population: 5,433,198.
• 1973
  • Jingwan-dong (Gupabal) was incorporated to Seoul from Goyang County.
  • World Taekwondo Headquarters established.
• 1974
  • Seoul Metropolitan Subway begins operating.
  • Korean Film Archive and Chugye University for the Arts established.
• 1975 – Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.
• 1977 – Jeongdok Public Library opens.
• 1978 – Sejong Center built.
• 1980 – Population: 8,364,379.
• 1982 – Banpo Bridge constructed.
• 1983
  • Lucky-Goldstar Football Club formed.
  • Bukhansan National Park established.
• 1985
  • 63 Building constructed.
  • Population: 9,639,110.
• 1986 – Asian Games held.
• 1988
  • Goh Kun becomes mayor.
  • Summer Olympics held.
  • Seoul Museum of Art and Calligraphy Museum open.
  • Trade Tower built.
• 1989 – Lotte World recreation complex opens.
• 1990 – Population: 10,612,577.
• 1991
  • Blue House (government residence) built.
  • KBS Hall opens.
• 1993
  • Korea National University of Arts established.
  • Opera House opens.
  • War Memorial of Korea constructed.
• 1994 – Hi! Seoul Festival begins.
• 1995
  • The city boundary between Seoul and Gwangmyeong was rearranged, absorbing a very tiny part of Cheolsan-dong.
  • The city boundary between Seoul and Goyang was rearranged, absorbing a very tiny part of Jichuk-dong.
  • 29 June: Sampoong Department Store collapse.
  • Population: 10,776,201 (approximate estimate).
• 1999 – Jongno Tower built.
• 2000
  • Bukchon Preservation and Regeneration Project established.
  • Kumho Art Hall opens.

21st century

• 2001
  • Incheon International Airport begins operating.
  • Seoul World Cup Stadium opens.
  • ETP music festival begins.
• 2002
  • FIFA World Cup held.
  • Lee Myung-bak becomes mayor.
  • Seoul Museum of History established.
• 2003 – Hyperion Tower built.
• 2004
  • Samsung Tower Palace built.
  • Seoul Station renovated.
  • Seoul Metropolitan Government Amazones football club formed.
• 2005 – Seoul Forest opens.
• 2006 – Oh Se-hoon becomes mayor.
• 2009
  • Moonlight Rainbow Fountain installed.
  • West Seoul Lake Park opens.
• 2010 – November: G-20 summit held.
• 2011
  • June: Floods.
  • October: Asian Network of Major Cities 21 meeting held.
  • Park Won-soon becomes mayor.
  • Population: 10,581,728.
  • Shinbundang Line opens
• 2012
  • International Finance Center Seoul opens
  • ABU Radio Song Festival held.
  • Seoul City Hall rebuilt.
• 2014 – Dongdaemun Design Plaza opens
• 2015 – Gocheok Sky Dome opens
• 2016 – March: AI AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol match played.
• 2018 – Population: 9,962,393
• 2022
  • 29 October: Seoul Halloween crowd crush

See also

• History of Seoul
• List of districts of Seoul
• List of neighbourhoods of Seoul
• Names of Seoul
• List of mayors of Seoul
• List of museums in Seoul
• List of Buddhist temples in Seoul
• List of universities and colleges in Seoul
• Timeline of Korean history
• List of cities by population density

References

1. ^ Bishop, Isabella Lucy Bird; Howarth, Osbert John Radcliffe (1911). "Korea" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 908–913.
2. "WorldCat". USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
3. ^ Hunter 1977.
4. ^ Henry 2005.
5. Britannica 1910.
6. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
7. ^ Yeong-Hyun Kim 2004.
8. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
9. "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
10. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
11. "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
12. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
13. Hong 2013.
14. Jesook Song 2006.
15. "Get to Know Us". Seoul Metropolitan Government. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
16. Seoul Population. (2018-12-01). Retrieved 2019-04-01, from http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/seoul/
17. Sang-Hun, Choe (29 October 2022). "The Itaewon tragedy is the worst peacetime disaster in South Korea since the Sewol ferry sank in 2014, killing more than 300 people". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2022.

Bibliography

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). "Seoul" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 667–668.
• T. Philip Terry (1928). "Seoul (Keijo)". Terry's guide to the Japanese empire: including Korea and Formosa. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. hdl:2027/mdp.39015062262517 – via HathiTrust.
• Janet Hunter (1977). "Japanese Government Policy, Business Opinion and the Seoul—Pusan Railway, 1894—1906". Modern Asian Studies. 11 (4): 573–599. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00000573. S2CID 106432258.
• Yeong-Hyun Kim (2004), "Seoul", in Josef Gugler (ed.), World Cities Beyond the West, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521830034
• Todd A. Henry (2005). "Sanitizing Empire: Japanese Articulations of Korean Otherness and the Construction of Early Colonial Seoul, 1905-1919". Journal of Asian Studies. 64.
• Jesook Song (2006). "Historicization of Homeless Spaces: The Seoul Train Station Square and the House of Freedom". Anthropological Quarterly. 79. George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research.
• Sharon Hong (2013), "Seoul", Transforming Asian Cities, UK: Routledge

External links

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