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The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands.

Prior to 18th century

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v t e

• ~50 AD - Roman fortress built on what is now the Dom square as part of the Limes Germanicus. Named Traiectum to signify it was at a crossing of what was at that time the main branch of the Rhine (now the Oude Gracht)
• ~200 AD - Wooden fortress walls upgraded to imported tuff stone. Parts of these wall survive to date
• ~270 AD - Limes Germanicus including the fortress at Trajectum abandoned due to continued invasions.
• 636 - Chapel built by Dagobert I within the walls of the abandoned Roman fortress.
• 695 - Catholic diocese of Utrecht established.
• 720 - St. Martin's church founded by Willibrord (approximate date).
• 918 - Balderic becomes bishop.
• 1122
  • 22 June: Town privileges confirmed by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
  • Oudegracht (canal) construction begins.
• 1145 - Smeetoren [nl] (tower) built (approximate date).
• 1267 - St. Martin's Cathedral built.
• 1279 - Buurkerk (church) rebuilding begins.
• 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).
• 1382 - St. Martin's Cathedral tower built.
• 1393 - Nieuwegracht (Utrecht) [nl] (moat) constructed.
• 1432 - Kleine Vleeshal [nl] built.
• 1440
  • Guildhall St. Eloy's Hospice in use.
  • Illuminated manuscript Hours of Catherine of Cleves created in Utrecht (approximate date).
• 1455 - 7 April: Gijsbrecht van Brederode becomes bishop elect of Utrecht after being elected by the chapters.
• 1455 - 13 September: David of Burgundy becomes bishop of Utrecht by papal appointment.
• 1459 - 2 March: Adriaan Florensz, the later Pope Adrian VI born.
• 1470-4 - First Utrecht Civil War to quell continued opposition to his rule David of Burgundy imprisons Gijsbrecht van Brederode leading to the first Utrecht civil war.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).
• 1481-3 - Second Utrecht Civil War, David of Burgundy temporarily removed from power, but restored after the Siege of Utrecht (1483)
• 1517 - Paushuize [nl] (residence) built.
• 1528 - Lordship of Utrecht established.
• 1532 - Vredenburg (castle) built.
• 1550 - St. Catherine Cathedral built (approximate date).
• 1577 - Demolition of Vredenburg castle begins.
• 1579 - 23 January: Treaty unifying northern provinces of the Netherlands signed in Utrecht.
• 1584 - Catholic property secularized.
• 1586 - Calvinists in power.
• 1620s - Utrecht Caravaggisti artists active.
• 1636 - Utrecht University and its library established.
• 1637 - Grote Vleeshuis [nl] built.
• 1644 - Schilders-Collegie founded.
• 1672-3 - Occupation by French forces.
• 1674 - 1 August: 1674 Netherlands storm [nl]. Major damage to several landmark building, most notably the collapse of the nave of the Dom church.

18th-19th centuries

• 1713 - International peace treaty relating to the War of the Spanish Succession signed in Utrecht.
• 1773 - Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences [nl] founded.
• 1787 - 9 May: Prussians in power.
• 1795 - 18 January: Utrecht "acquired by the French."
• 1807 - Genootschap Kunstliefde [nl] (art society) formed.
• 1808 - Jewish cemetery, Utrecht [nl] established.
• 1813 - Jan van den Velden [nl] becomes mayor.
• 1816 - Utrechtsch Studenten Corps [nl] (student society) founded.
• 1823
  • Abstede, Catharijne, Lauwerecht, and Tolsteeg become part of city.
  • Oorsprongpark (Utrecht) [nl] opens.
• 1830 - Utrecht City Hall [nl] built.
• 1838 - City Museum of Antiquities opens.
• 1843 - Utrecht Centraal railway station opens.
• 1853 - Sonnenborgh Observatory established.
• 1866 - Population: 58,607 in city; 172,487 in province.
• 1872 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Museum opens.
• 1873 - Museum Kunstliefde established.
• 1879 - Regional Utrecht State Archives established.
• 1884
  • Utrechtsch Museum van Kunstnijverheid [nl] (applied arts museum) opens.
  • Population: 74,364.
• 1892 - Public library established.
• 1893 - Utrechts Nieuwsblad [nl] (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1894 - Utrecht City Orchestra [nl] founded.
• 1898 - Wilhelminapark (Utrecht) [nl] opens.

20th century

• 1902 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis van Utrecht [nl] built.
• 1906 - Gemeentetram Utrecht [nl] (electric tram) begins operating.
• 1908 - Bioscoop Vreeburg [nl] (cinema) opens.
• 1913 - Rembrandt Bioscoop-Theater [nl] (cinema) opens.
• 1914 - Old Catholic St. Gertrude's Cathedral built.
• 1916 - Nationale Bankvereeniging (bank) established.
• 1919 - Population: 138,334.
• 1921 - Centraal Museum established.
• 1924 - Rietveld Schröder House built in the De Stijl design mode.
• 1927 - Louis Hartlooper Complex [nl] construction begins (approximate date).
• 1940 - Population: 165,029.
• 1950 - Population: 193,190.
• 1954 - Oudenrijn (section) and Zuilen become part of city.
• 1960 - Population: 254,186.
• 1961 - Neudeflat [nl] built.
• 1967 - 12 June: 1967 Utrecht explosion [nl] in Lage Weide [nl].
• 1968 - Sarasani [nl] cannabis coffee shop in business.
• 1970 - Football Club Utrecht formed.
• 1970s - part of moat converted to motorway.
• 1976 - Westraven [nl] hi-rise built.
• 1978 - Springhaver [nl] cinema opens.
• 1979 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg (concert hall) and Museum Catharijneconvent open.
• 1980 - Population: 237,037 municipality.
• 1985 - May: Catholic pope visits Utrecht.
• 1987 - Leefbaarheidsbudget (participatory budgeting) introduced.
• 1998 - City Utrecht Archive established.
• 2000 - Population: 233,667.

21st century

• 2001 - Vleuten-De Meern becomes part of city.
• 2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.
• 2006 - Dick Bruna House [nl] museum opens.
• 2008 - Galghenwert [nl] hi-rise built.
• 2011 - Rabobank Bestuurscentrum hi-rise built.
• 2012 - Utrecht befriends the city of Portland, Oregon, USA.
• 2013 - Population: 321,916 municipality.
• 2014
  • TivoliVredenburg concert hall opens.
  • Jan van Zanen becomes mayor.
• 2015 - July: 2015 Tour de France cycling race starts from Utrecht.
• 2017
  • May: Basic income pilot to begin.
  • August: Bicycle parking garage opens.
• 2019 - March: 2019 Utrecht shooting
• 2020 - September: re-conversion of motorway back to moat/canal completed.

See also

• Utrecht history
• History of Utrecht [nl]
• List of mayors of Utrecht
• List of bishops of Utrecht [nl]
• List of rijksmonuments in Utrecht (city) [nl]
• List of tallest buildings in Utrecht (city) [nl]
• History of Utrecht province [nl]
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam

References

1. ^ Britannica 1910.
2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
3. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
4. ^ William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Utrecht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
5. "Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
6. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
7. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Holland: Utrecht". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
8. ^ Ring 1995.
9. "Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
10. ^ Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. 24. International Federation of Library Associations.
11. Claartje Rasterhoff (2014). "The spatial side of innovation: the local organization of cultural production in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800". In Karel Davids; Bert De Munck (eds.). Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities. Ashgate. pp. 161–188. ISBN 978-1-4724-3989-5.
12. "Timeline Dutch History". Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
13. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
14. ^ Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Utrecht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t – via HathiTrust
15. "Utrecht". Four hundred years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
16. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
17. ^ "Departement van Binnenlandsche Zaken: Kunsten en wetenschappen (Department of Interior: Arts and Sciences)", Staatsalmanak [nl] voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1885 [State Year Book for the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (in Dutch), Utrecht: Broese [nl], 1884
18. "Rijksarchief in de provincie Utrecht", Het Utrechts Archief (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
19. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
20. ^ "Movie Theaters in Utrecht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
21. "The Netherlands". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
22. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
23. ^ "Joining the circle: Utrecht removes road to be ringed by water once more". DutchNews.nl. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
24. ^ Boffey, Daniel (14 September 2020). "Utrecht restores historic canal made into motorway in 1970s". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
25. ^ "Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region: Municipality Utrecht". StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. 2014.
26. "Leefbaarheidsbudget Participatory Budgeting (Utrecht, Netherlands)". Participedia. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
27. Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
28. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
29. "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
30. "Utrecht eerste gemeente met proef 'regelarme bijstand'", NRC (in Dutch), Amsterdam, 20 February 2017
31. Dutch build vital new infrastructure: world's biggest bike parking lot, Reuters, 21 August 2017

Bibliography

Published in the 18th–19th centuries

In English

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Utrecht", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
• "Utrecht". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
• Abraham Rees (1819), "Utrecht", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3vt1xd50
• "Utrecht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
• "Utrecht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881, hdl:2027/hvd.hn2ha2 – via HathiTrust (+ 1851 ed.)
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885). "Utrecht". Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. New York: Harper & Brothers.

In other languages

• Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1848). "Utrecht". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 11. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn – via HathiTrust.
• Volledig adresboek der stad Utrecht ... 1863-1864 [Directory of the City of Utrecht] (in Dutch). J. Van Boekhoven. 1863.
• Samuel Muller Fz. (1878). Catalogus van den topographischen atlas der provincie Utrecht (in Dutch). Beijers. (bibliography)
• H. T. Luks (1891). "Utrecht". Belgien und Holland. Griebens Reise-Bibliothek (in German) (5th ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt.

Published in the 20th century

In English

• "Utrecht". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t56d64f6t.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• "Utrecht", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752839{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Charles Bertram Black (1908), "Utrecht", Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.), London: A. and C. Black (+ 1876 ed.)
• Edmundson, George (1910). "Utrecht (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 824–826.
• George Wharton Edwards (1909). "Utrecht". Holland of To-day. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company.
• "Utrecht". Belgium and Holland (15th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1910. OCLC 397759. (+ 1881 ed.)
• "Archdiocese of Utrecht", Catholic Encyclopedia, New York, 1913, hdl:2027/nyp.33433070780394{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Utrecht". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 762+. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.

In Dutch

• Henri Zondervan, ed. (1922), "Utrecht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 16 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy "Elsevier", hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347908
• G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Utrecht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Utrecht, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Utrecht, various dates

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