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A number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred in 1994.

Background

A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.

Timeline

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2024)

Continuing strikes from 1993

• 1991–1998 Caterpillar labor dispute, including strikes by Caterpillar Inc. workers in the United States.
• 1991 Frontier strike, over 6-years long strike by workers at the New Frontier Hotel and Casino, represented by the Culinary Workers Union, one of the longest strikes in American history.
• 1993–94 Kenyan university strike, year-long strike by university lecturers in Kenya.
• 1993–95 Porgera Dispute, at the Porgera Gold Mine in Papua New Guinea.

January

• 27 January 1994 general strike, general strike in Spain against a law that make it easier to fire workers.

February

• 1994 Bermudian hotel strike, strike by hotel workers in Bermuda over unpaid tips.
• 1994 Wallis and Futuna general strike, general strike in Wallis and Futuna.

March

• Frauenstreik 1994, the first national women's strike in Germany.

April

• 1994 Allegheny Ludlum strike, 70-day strike by Allegheny Ludlum steelworkers in the United States.
• 1994–95 Bridgestone strike, 10-month strike by Bridgestone workers in the United States, represented by the United Rubber Workers.
• 1994 National Book Store strike, strike by National Book Store workers in the Philippines over wages.
• 1994 United States truckers' strike, strike by truckers in the United States, represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, the first nationwide truckers strike in the US in 15 years.

May

• 1994 Egyptian lawyers' strike, organised by the Egyptian Lawyers' Syndicate.
• 1994–96 Irving Oil Refinery strike, 27-month strike by Irving Oil Refinery workers in Canada.
• 1994 Russian pilots' strike, strike by airline pilots in Russia over safety standards.

June

• 1994 Dublin bar staff strike, 3-day strike by pub and bar staff in Dublin, Ireland, coinciding with the 1994 FIFA World Cup.
• 1994 German postal strike, over privatisation.
• 1994 Le Havre dockworkers' strike, strike by dockworkers in Le Havre, France.

July

• 1994–95 New Zealand teachers' strike, series of strikes by primary school teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand for pay parity with secondary school teachers.
• 1994 Nigerian oil strike, strike by oil workers after the arrest of opposition leader Moshood Abiola.

August

• 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, 7-month strike by Major League Baseball players in Canada and the United States, represented by the Major League Baseball Players Association.
• 1994 Tomago aluminium strike, 24-day strike at the Tomago aluminium smelter in Australia over wages.

September

• 1994–95 Port Jervis nurses' strike, 6-month strike by nurses in Port Jervis, New York, United States, over wages.

October

November

• San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994, 11-day strike by workers of the two largest newspapers in San Francisco, United States, over wages and layoffs.

December

• 1994–95 Turkish public sector strikes, series of strikes by public sector workers in Turkey over wages.

References

1. Devinatz, Victor G. (1 June 2005). "A Heroic Defeat: The Caterpillar Labor Dispute and the UAW, 1991-1998". Labor Studies Journal. 30 (2): 1–18. doi:10.1177/0160449X0503000201. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
2. Tyson, James L. (5 December 1995). "Caterpillar Workers Crawl Back to Jobs". CS Monitor. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
3. Cimini, Michael H. (1 October 1998). "Caterpillar's Prolonged Dispute Ends" (PDF). Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
4. Surowiecki, James (13 March 1998). "Caterpillar's Crawl to Control". Slate. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
5. "Remembering the Frontier Strike: 30 years later". Culinary Workers Union Local 226. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
6. "Year-long lecturers' strike reaches final impasse". Times Higher Education. 4 November 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
7. Mazrui, Alamin (1 June 1995). "The State vs. the Academic Unions in Post-Colonial Kenya". Review of African Political Economy. 22 (64): 257–262. JSTOR 4006326. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
8. Wa Mungai, Ndungi (9 February 1994). "Kenyan academic staff strike". Green Left. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
9. Imbun, Benedict (2022). "Conflict in Papua New Guinea Mining: The 1993-95 Porgera Dispute". New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations. 20 (3). doi:10.26686/nzjir.v20i3.3276. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
10. "Mass arrest of miners". Green Left. 4 May 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
11. Capron, Christopher (30 September 2012). "Spanish workers general strike against new labor laws, 1994". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
12. Alicea, Julio (12 December 2010). "Bermudian hotel workers walkout to demand compensation for tips, 1994". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
13. Hirschel-Burns, Danny (3 April 2011). "The Force Ouvrière labor union strikes for economic justice and education, Wallis and Futuna, 1994". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
14. Baureithel, Ulrike (12 March 2014). "1994 - Nie davon gehört". Der Freitag. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
15. Kaufer, Ricardo (28 March 2019). "Female labor activists in the German anarcho-syndicalist union (FAU) and the women's† strike movement: Class mobilization against exploitation". Journal of Labor and Society. 22 (2): 363–379. doi:10.1111/wusa.12412. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
16. Merkenich, Mary (11 May 1994). "National women's strike in Germany". Green Left. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
17. "Allegheny Ludlum contract ends strike". UPI. 9 June 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
18. Kilborn, Peter T. (14 January 1995). "Japanese Tire Maker Clashes With Labor Chief Over Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
19. "Bridgestone-Firestone Strike Is Called Off". The New York Times. 24 May 1995. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
20. Fulcher, Ray (4 May 1994). "Strike at National Bookstore". Green Left. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
21. Sanchez, Jesus (7 April 1994). "Teamsters Strike Shuts Down 22 Trucking Firms". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
22. "Teamsters and Haulers Expect Long Strike". The New York Times. 7 April 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
23. Murphy, Kim (24 June 1994). "Egyptian Lawyers on Hunger Strike Over Colleagues' Jailing". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
24. Murphy, Kim (18 May 1994). "Egyptian Lawyers' March Turns Into Melee". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
25. "Egyptian lawyers on strike". The Business Times. 19 May 1994. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
26. Thompson, Mitchell (21 November 2021). "Workers in Atlantic Canada Face Down Austerity". Jacobin. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
27. Steuter, Erin (7 March 2016). "The Myth of the Competitive Challenge: The Irving Oil Refinery Strike, 1994–96, and the Canadian Petroleum Industry". Studies in Political Economy. 63: 111–132. doi:10.1080/19187033.2000.11675235. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
28. Nesbitt, Doug (12 December 2019). "Local 594 and the Lost History of Oil Worker Unionism". Rank and File. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
29. "Russian Pilots Vow Strike on Safety Fears". Los Angeles Times. 15 May 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
30. "Russia takes legal action against pilot union's strike". The Straits Times. 20 May 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
31. "Pub Pickets For World Cup". RTÉ. 18 June 1994. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
32. "Business as usual..hic!". The Straits Times. 23 June 1994. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
33. "German postal strike ends". UPI. 2 July 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
34. "Dockworkers' strike seen hurting Le Havre". The Business Times. 21 June 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
35. Jouve, Sophie (7 July 1994). "La grève des dockers au Havre". Institut national de l'audiovisuel. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
36. "NZ primary school teachers on strike". The Business Times. 2 March 1995. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
37. Collins, Simon (14 August 2018). "Teachers' strike today: School's out - All you need to know". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
38. "Nigerian Police Battle Rioters; Oil Workers' Strike Enters 5th Week". The Los Angeles Times. 2 August 1994. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
39. "Nigerian Oil Workers End Strike Over Arrest of Opposition Leader". The New York Times. 6 September 1994. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
40. Hopkinson, Shane (14 September 1994). "Tomago strike ends". Green Left. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
41. "Aluminium firm despite end of strike". The Business Times. 6 September 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
42. Steinberg, Jacques (27 December 1994). "Nurses' Strike Leaves a Town in Need of Healing". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
43. "Port Jervis Nurses Win Pact With Hospital". The New York Times. 8 March 1995. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
44. Hinojosa, Maria (5 February 1995). "Nursing Strike". NPR. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
45. "Turkish civil servants strike for pay". UPI. 20 December 1994. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
46. Thompson, Jennifer (30 August 1995). "Turkish public sector workers strike". Green Left. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
47. "IMPASSE". The Straits Times. 10 October 1995. Retrieved 13 November 2024.

• 1994 labor disputes and strikes
• Society-related timelines
• 1990s timelines