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Tirésias Simon Sam
16th President of Haiti
In office March 31, 1896 – May 12, 1902
Preceded by	Florvil Hyppolite
Succeeded by	Pierre Nord Alexis
Minister of War and Navy
In office December 27, 1894 – March 31, 1896
President	Florvil Hyppolite
Preceded by	Alson Verne
Succeeded by	Borno Monpoint
In office May 15, 1887 – August 10, 1888
President	Lysius Salomon
Preceded by	Brenor Prophète
Succeeded by	Seïde Thélémaque
Minister of Interior and Agriculture
In office September 1, 1879 – November 3, 1879
Preceded by	Armand Thoby
Succeeded by	Evariste Laroche
Member of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Haiti
In office July 26, 1879 – October 23, 1879
Personal details
Born	Paul Tirésias Augustin Simon Sam (1835-05-15)15 May 1835 Grande-Rivière-du-Nord, Haiti
Died	11 May 1916(1916-05-11) (aged 80)
Political party	National Party
Spouse(s)	Constance Salomon (first) Victoire Labelle (second) Alphaïde Metelly (third)
Profession	Military general

Paul Tirésias Augustin Simon Sam (May 15, 1835 – May 11, 1916) was the President of Haiti from 31 March 1896 to 12 May 1902. He resigned the presidency just before completing his six-year term.

Biography

Born in the year 1835, Tirésias Simon Sam was a well-received politician and he rose to become the country's president in the year 1896. Sam resigned before completion of his presidential term. His political popularity has seen several postage stamps in Haiti bear his likeness. There were reports that Victoire Jean-Baptiste, the president's mistress, had much influence on his leadership.

According to the constitution of Haiti, Sam was elected as the new Haitian President, a week after his predecessor Hyppolite died. Sam was instituted by the National Assembly which held a meeting in Port-au-Prince on 31 March 1896. Before the new position, Sam was the Secretary of War for Haiti. His new term was to run for a period of seven years according to the Haitian constitution.

All the relevant people in governance had accepted the election of the new president. Sam was sworn in on 1 April 1896.

Despite humiliation and pressure from foreign authorities, especially the United States and Germany, Haiti remained calm during the reign of Sam.

Sam's predecessors had emphasized infrastructure development, something that Sam embraced. During his governance a new structure to hold the country's Court of Justice was started in Port-au-Prince. New railways were constructed to connect major towns to the Haitian capital. In 1900, Simon Sam's government signed a treaty of reciprocity with France. In 1902 the US also signed a treaty with Haiti on naturalization.

The Haitian General Assembly had misinterpreted the constitution concerning Sam's term in office, . The issue had been published in local newspapers and was raising concerns. Whereas the National Assembly had declared that Sam was to remain in office until 15 May 1903 this was contrary to the Haitian constitution. According to the Constitution of Haiti, article 93 reads: "In case of the death, resignation, or dismissal of the President, his successor is appointed for seven years, and his power must always cease on 15 May, even if the seventh year of his term be not completed." This article was applicable to the presidential term of Simon Sam. His election was on 31 March 1896 and so he was supposed to leave the presidential seat on 15 May 1902.

Sam wrote a letter of resignation to the Haitian National Assembly on 12 May 1902, three days before the constitutional expiry of his presidential term. He left Port-au-Prince the following day. After Sam's resignation, Haiti was left in the hands of an interim government that was led by General Boisrond Canal, a former head of state of the country. This provisional government was responsible for maintaining law and order before an election of a legal president.

The son of Sam, Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, was also a President of Haiti for only five months in 1915. His mistress, Victoire Jean-Baptiste, is said to have had some influence over him.

References

1. "Tiresias Augustin Simon Sam to the Secretary of State". The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
2. Ganthier, Claudius, ed. (1908). "Recueil des lois et actes de la République d'Haïti de 1887 à 1904, Volume 2" (in French). Republic of Haiti. p. 222. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
3. Haiti, Ministère de la justice et des cultes (1979). Le Procès de la consolidation: documents et pièces judiciaires (in French). Éditions Fardin. p. 188. Retrieved 9 February 2022.

v t e Heads of state of Haiti
Post–Revolutionary (1804–1859)	Dessalines/Jacques I Christophe/Henry I Blanchet Pétion Boyer Rivière-Hérard Guerrier Pierrot Riché Soulouque/Faustin I
Post–Imperial (1859–1930)	Geffrard Saget Salnave Saget Council of Secretaries of State Domingue Boisrond-Canal Public Order Committee Lamothe Hyppolite Salomon Boisrond-Canal Légitime Jeune Hyppolite Simon Sam Boisrond-Canal Alexis Commission for Public Order Simon Leconte Auguste Oreste Polynice Zamor Polynice Théodore Guillaume Sam Revolutionary Committee Dartiguenave Borno Roy
Post–Occupation (1930–1986)	Vincent Lescot Lavaud Estimé Lavaud Magloire Pierre-Louis Sylvain Cantave Executive Government Council Cantave Fignolé Kébreau François Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier
Post–Duvalier (1986–2011)	Namphy Manigat Namphy Avril Abraham Pascal-Trouillot Aristide Cédras Nérette Bazin Jonassaint Aristide Préval Aristide Alexandre Préval
Post–earthquake (2011–2021)	Martelly Privert Moïse
Post–Moïse (2021–present)	vacant, 2021–24 Transitional Presidential Council
* De facto ‡ Provisional

• 1835 births
• 1916 deaths
• 1890s in Haiti
• 1900s in Haiti
• 19th-century Haitian politicians
• 20th-century Haitian politicians
• People from Nord (Haitian department)
• Presidents of Haiti