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Titanonarke

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An extinct genus of electric ray

Titanonarke
Temporal range: Eocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Titanonarke molini from the Eocene of Italy
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Torpediniformes
Family: Narcinidae
Genus: †Titanonarke
Carvalho, 2010

Titanonarke is an extinct genus of large electric rays known from the Ypresian age of the Eocene epoch. It currently contains two species from the Bolca Lagerstatte of Italy, T. molini and T. megapterygia. The exceptional preservation of multiple entire individuals has allowed a detailed reconstruction of their lives. Specimens of both species have been found with various ontogenetic stages and with parasitic isopods preserved. One specimen contains a fossilized embryo, showing this species to be viviparous. This species seems to prefer shallow water habitats associated with coral reefs, not unlike modern relatives. Stomach contents reveal a diet which included an extinct large benthic foraminifera genus, Alveolina.

References

  1. "Fossilworks: Titanonarke". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  2. Marramà, Giuseppe; Claeson, Kerin M.; Carnevale, Giorgio; Kriwet, Jürgen (2018-11-14). "Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (14): 1189–1219. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257. ISSN 1477-2019. PMC 6130837. PMID 30210265.
Taxon identifiers
Titanonarke


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