Cycling race
| 2007 UCI ProTour, race 17 of 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Route of the 2007 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dates | 7–29 July 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stages | 20 + Prologue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distance | 3,570 km (2,218 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winning time | 91h 00' 26" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| ← 2006 2008 → | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2007 Tour de France the 94th running of the race, took place from 7 to 29 July. The Tour began with a prologue in London, and ended with the traditional finish in Paris. Along the way, the route also passed through Belgium and Spain. It was won by Spanish rider Alberto Contador.
The Tour was marked by doping controversies, with three riders and two teams withdrawn during the race following positive doping tests, including pre-race favourite Alexander Vinokourov and his Astana team. Following Stage 16, the leader of the general classification, Michael Rasmussen, was removed from the Tour by his Rabobank team, who accused him of lying about the reasons for missing several drug tests earlier in the year.
The points classification, indicated by the green jersey, was won for the first time by Tom Boonen, who had failed to complete the previous two Tours after leading the points classification at times during each. The mountains classification, indicated by the polkadot jersey, was won by Mauricio Soler in his first Tour appearance.
The general classification, indicated by the yellow jersey, was closely contested until the final time trial on stage 19. The top three riders, Alberto Contador in the yellow jersey as the leader, Cadel Evans in second, and Levi Leipheimer in third, were separated by only 2:49, with both Evans and Leipheimer recognized as far superior time trialists to Contador. In the end, each rider held his place after the final time trial, but with considerably slimmer margins, as the Tour ended with the smallest-ever spread of only 31 seconds among the top three riders. Alberto Contador also won the young rider classification, indicated by the white jersey, as the best young (under age 25) rider.
Teams
For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 2007 Tour de France.
A total of 21 teams were invited to the 2007 Tour de France. Each team sent a total of nine riders to participate in the Tour, which brought the starting total of the peloton to 189 riders. The presentation of the teams – where each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place at Trafalgar Square in London, the day before the opening prologue held in the city.
The teams entering the race were:
UCI ProTour teams
- Astana
- AG2R Prévoyance
- Bouygues Télécom
- Caisse d'Epargne
- Cofidis
- Crédit Agricole
- Discovery Channel
- Euskaltel–Euskadi
- Française des Jeux
- Gerolsteiner
- Lampre–Fondital
- Liquigas
- Quick-Step–Innergetic
- Predictor–Lotto
- Rabobank
- Saunier Duval–Prodir
- Team CSC
- Team Milram
- T-Mobile Team
Invited teams
Pre-race favourites
After the retirement of seven-time winner Lance Armstrong and with Ivan Basso and Floyd Landis not entering the Tour, the bookmakers' favourite to win the 2007 Tour de France was Alexander Vinokourov, who was unable to start in 2006 due to lack of team members, but did win the 2006 Vuelta a España. The main challengers were expected to be the 2006 Tour de France second-place finisher Andreas Klöden; and Alejandro Valverde, who dropped out of the 2006 Tour de France after a crash, but came second to Vinokourov in the 2006 Vuelta a España.
Route and stages
The organisers of the Tour and London mayor Ken Livingstone announced on 24 January 2006 that the start of the Tour would take place in London. Livingstone noted the two stages would commemorate the victims of the 7 July 2005 London bombings, saying "Having the Grand Départ on the seventh of July will broadcast to the world that terrorism does not shake our city."
The routes for the Prologue in London and the first full stage through Kent, finishing in Canterbury, were announced on 9 February 2006 at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre. This was the first time the Grand Départ was in the United Kingdom and the third time the Tour visited the United Kingdom, including Plymouth in 1974 and two stages in Kent, Sussex and Hampshire in 1994.
Tour director Christian Prudhomme unveiled the 2007 route in Paris on 26 October 2006. In total, the route covered 3,570 km (2,218 mi). The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,770 m (9,090 ft) at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 9.
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 7 July | London (United Kingdom) | 7.9 km (5 mi) | 
|
Individual time trial |  Fabian Cancellara (SUI)
|
| 1 | 8 July | London (United Kingdom) to Canterbury (United Kingdom) | 203 km (126 mi) | 
|
Plain stage |  Robbie McEwen (AUS)
|
| 2 | 9 July | Dunkirk to Ghent (Belgium) | 168.5 km (105 mi) |
|
Plain stage |  Gert Steegmans (BEL)
|
| 3 | 10 July | Waregem (Belgium) – Compiègne | 236.5 km (147 mi) |
|
Plain stage | Fabian Cancellara (SUI)
|
| 4 | 11 July | Villers-Cotterêts to Joigny | 193 km (120 mi) |
|
Plain stage |  Thor Hushovd (NOR)
|
| 5 | 12 July | Chablis to Autun | 182.5 km (113 mi) | 
|
Intermediate stage |  Filippo Pozzato (ITA)
|
| 6 | 13 July | Semur-en-Auxois to Bourg-en-Bresse | 199.5 km (124 mi) |
|
Plain stage | Tom Boonen (BEL)
|
| 7 | 14 July | Bourg-en-Bresse to Le Grand-Bornand | 197.5 km (123 mi) | 
|
Mountain stage |  Linus Gerdemann (GER)
|
| 8 | 15 July | Le Grand-Bornand to Tignes | 165 km (103 mi) |
|
Mountain stage |  Michael Rasmussen (DEN)
|
| 16 July | Tignes | Rest day | ||||
| 9 | 17 July | Val-d'Isère to Briançon | 159.5 km (99 mi) |
|
Mountain stage |  Mauricio Soler (COL)
|
| 10 | 18 July | Tallard to Marseille | 229.5 km (143 mi) |
|
Plain stage |  Cédric Vasseur (FRA)
|
| 11 | 19 July | Marseille to Montpellier | 182.5 km (113 mi) |
|
Plain stage |  Robert Hunter (RSA)
|
| 12 | 20 July | Montpellier to Castres | 178.5 km (111 mi) |
|
Intermediate stage | Tom Boonen (BEL)
|
| 13 | 21 July | Albi | 54 km (34 mi) |
|
Individual time trial | Cadel Evans (AUS)
|
| 14 | 22 July | Mazamet to Plateau-de-Beille | 197 km (122 mi) |
|
Mountain stage |  Alberto Contador (ESP)
|
| 15 | 23 July | Foix to Loudenvielle | 196 km (122 mi) |
|
Mountain stage |  Kim Kirchen (LUX)
|
| 24 July | Pau | Rest day | ||||
| 16 | 25 July | Orthez to Gourette–Col d'Aubisque | 218.5 km (136 mi) |
|
Mountain stage | Michael Rasmussen (DEN)
|
| 17 | 26 July | Pau to Castelsarrasin | 188.5 km (117 mi) |
|
Intermediate stage | Daniele Bennati (ITA)
|
| 18 | 27 July | Cahors to Angoulême | 211 km (131 mi) |
|
Plain stage | Sandy Casar (FRA)
|
| 19 | 28 July | Cognac to Angoulême | 55.5 km (34 mi) |
|
Individual time trial |  |
| 20 | 29 July | Marcoussis to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 146 km (91 mi) |
|
Plain stage | Daniele Bennati (ITA)
|
| Total | 3,570 km (2,218 mi) | |||||
Race overview
Main articles: 2007 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10 and 2007 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 20 | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2016) |
Doping cases
Main article: Doping at the 2007 Tour de FranceThe first scandal arrived when it was made public on 18 July that rider Patrik Sinkewitz from the T-Mobile Team had tested positive one month before the Tour started. Sinkewitz had already withdrawn from the race having incurred an injury during the 8th stage. The scandal was big enough to prompt German TV broadcasters ZDF and ARD to drop their coverage.
The Tour was dealt a major blow when the first-place Astana team withdrew from the race on 24 July 2007, after team member and pre-race favourite Alexander Vinokourov from Kazakhstan tested positive for an illegal blood transfusion. Vinokourov's teammates Andreas Klöden and Andrey Kashechkin were in 5th and 7th place respectively at the time.
At the start of the 16th stage on 25 July, some teams made a protest against the laxness of the official attitude to doping in the race. After the stage, race officials announced that Cofidis team member Cristian Moreni of Italy had tested positive for elevated levels of testosterone, and the Cofidis team withdrew from the race.
Spanish cyclist Iban Mayo tested positive for EPO on the second rest day of the Tour, on 24 July.
French prosecutors wanted to start a legal case against Vinokourov, Mayo and Moreni, and requested the UCI to hand over the doping samples. The UCI refused to give them, and in May 2011 the investigation was stopped.
Other incidents
German cyclist Marcus Burghardt collided with a Labrador Retriever during Stage 9. The bike struck the dog on its backside, which buckled the front wheel and threw Burghardt over the handlebars onto the road.
A second incident involving a dog occurred on Stage 18. Sandy Casar and Frederik Willems were in a four-man break when Casar collided with a dog running across the road, causing both him and Willems to fall. Casar was able to rejoin the break with the help of Axel Merckx despite receiving road rash on his right buttock, while Willems returned to the peloton. Casar went on to win the stage.
After Stage 16, overall leader Michael Rasmussen was fired by his team, Rabobank, for violating team rules after he told the team that he was in Mexico with his wife in June, then being sighted training in Italy by Italian journalist Davide Cassani. Rasmussen disputed this claim, maintaining that he was in Mexico. Thus, at the start of stage 17 there was no holder of the yellow jersey. Afterward the lead and the jersey were transferred to Discovery Channel's Alberto Contador. Rasmussen later in 2013 confessed to doping from 1998 to 2010, including at the 2007 Tour de France.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were four main classifications contested in the 2007 Tour de France, with the most important being the general classification. The general classification was calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification was considered the winner of the Tour. There were no time bonuses given at the end of stages for this edition of the Tour.
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awards a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists get points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and is identified with a green jersey.
There was also a mountains classification. The organization categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reach the top of these climbs, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, marked by the white jersey. This classification was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1987.
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team is the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification were identified with yellow numbers.
The super-combativity award was given to Amets Txurruka. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 9. This prize was won by Mauricio Soler.
- In stage 1, Andreas Klöden, who was second in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because Fabian Cancellara (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage.
- In stage 8, Mauricio Soler, who was second in the young riders classification, wore the white jersey, because Linus Gerdemann (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage.
- In stage 9, Sylvain Chavanel, who was second in the king of the mountains classification, wore the polka-dot jersey, because Michael Rasmussen (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage.
- In stages 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, Mauricio Soler, who was second in the king of the mountains classification, wore the polka-dot jersey, because Michael Rasmussen (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage.
- Shortly after Michael Rasmussen won stage 16, his Rabobank team removed him from the Tour for violation of team rules; therefore in stage 17, no one wore the yellow jersey.
- In stage 18, 19, and 20, Amets Txurruka, who was third in the young riders classification, wore the white jersey, because Alberto Contador (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage and Mauricio Soler (in second place) wore the polka-dot jersey for leading the king of the mountains classification.
Final standings
| Legend | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Denotes the winner of the general classification | 
|
Denotes the winner of the points classification |
|
Denotes the winner of the mountains classification | 
|
Denotes the winner of the young rider classification |
|
Denotes the winner of the team classification | 
|
Denotes the winner of the super-combativity award |
General classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alberto Contador (ESP)
|
Discovery Channel | 91h 00' 26" |
| 2 | Cadel Evans (AUS)
|
Predictor–Lotto | + 23" |
| DSQ | |
|
|
| 4 | Carlos Sastre (ESP)
|
Team CSC | + 7' 08" |
| 5 | Haimar Zubeldia (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | + 8' 17" |
| 6 | Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
|
Caisse d'Epargne | + 11' 37" |
| 7 | Kim Kirchen (LUX)
|
T-Mobile Team | + 12' 18" |
| 8 |  Yaroslav Popovych (UKR)
|
Discovery Channel 
|
+ 12' 25" |
| 9 | Mikel Astarloza (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | + 14' 14" |
| 10 | Óscar Pereiro (ESP)
|
Caisse d'Epargne | + 14' 25" |
Points classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tom Boonen (BEL)
|
Quick-Step–Innergetic | 256 |
| 2 | Robert Hunter (RSA)
|
Barloworld | 234 |
| 3 | Erik Zabel (GER)
|
Team Milram | 232 |
| 4 | Thor Hushovd (NOR)
|
Crédit Agricole | 186 |
| 5 | Sébastien Chavanel (FRA)
|
Française des Jeux | 181 |
| 6 | Daniele Bennati (ITA)
|
Lampre–Fondital | 160 |
| 7 | Robert Förster (GER)
|
Gerolsteiner | 140 |
| 8 | Fabian Cancellara (SUI)
|
Team CSC | 112 |
| 9 | Cadel Evans (AUS)
|
Predictor–Lotto | 109 |
| 10 | Alberto Contador (ESP)
|
Discovery Channel | 88 |
Mountains classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mauricio Soler (COL)
|
Barloworld | 206 |
| 2 | Alberto Contador (ESP)
|
Discovery Channel | 128 |
| 3 | Yaroslav Popovych (UKR)
|
Discovery Channel | 105 |
| 4 | Cadel Evans (AUS)
|
Predictor–Lotto | 92 |
| 5 | Laurent Lefèvre (FRA)
|
Bouygues Télécom | 85 |
| 6 | Juan Manuel Gárate (ESP)
|
Quick-Step–Innergetic | 77 |
| 7 | Carlos Sastre (ESP)
|
Team CSC | 74 |
| 8 | Juan José Cobo (ESP)
|
Saunier Duval–Prodir | 68 |
| DSQ | |
||
| 10 | Haimar Zubeldia (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | 64 |
Young rider classification
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alberto Contador (ESP)
|
Discovery Channel | 91h 00' 26" |
| 2 | Mauricio Soler (COL)
|
Barloworld | + 16' 51" |
| 3 | Amets Txurruka (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | + 49' 34" |
| 4 |  Bernhard Kohl (AUT)
|
Gerolsteiner | + 1h 13' 27" |
| 5 |  Kanstantsin Sivtsov (BLR)
|
Barloworld | + 1h 15' 16" |
| 6 |  Thomas Dekker (NED)
|
Rabobank | + 1h 30' 34" |
| 7 | Linus Gerdemann (GER)
|
T-Mobile Team | + 1h 30' 47" |
| 8 |  Vladimir Gusev (RUS)
|
Discovery Channel | + 1h 33' 50" |
| 9 |  Thomas Lövkvist (SWE)
|
Française des Jeux | + 2h 22' 50" |
| 10 | Andriy Hrivko (UKR)
|
Team Milram | + 2h 41' 41" |
Team classification
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Discovery Channel
|
273h 12' 52" |
| 2 | Caisse d'Epargne | + 19' 36" |
| 3 | Team CSC | + 22' 10" |
| 4 | Rabobank | + 36' 24" |
| 5 | Euskaltel–Euskadi | + 46' 46" |
| 6 | Saunier Duval–Prodir | + 1h 44' 33" |
| 7 | Predictor–Lotto | + 1h 50' 21" |
| 8 | Lampre–Fondital | + 2h 19' 41" |
| 9 | Crédit Agricole | + 2h 25' 44" |
| 10 | AG2R Prévoyance | + 2h 26' 08" |
UCI ProTour rankings
Riders in the UCI ProTour (therefore not members of the wildcard entries Barloworld or Agritubel) are awarded UCI ProTour points for their performance in the Tour de France. The winner of a stage receives 10 points, second receives 5 points and third 3 points. UCI ProTour points are also awarded for high places in the final classification, with 100 points for the overall winner.
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alberto Contador (ESP)  
|
Discovery Channel | 113 |
| 2 | Cadel Evans (AUS)
|
Predictor–Lotto | 88 |
| DSQ | |
||
| 4 | Carlos Sastre (ESP)
|
Team CSC | 55 |
| 5 | Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
|
Caisse d'Epargne | 53 |
| 5 | Haimar Zubeldia (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | 53 |
| 7 | Kim Kirchen (LUX)
|
T-Mobile Team | 45 |
| 8 | Yaroslav Popovych (UKR)
|
Discovery Channel | 35 |
| 9 | Mikel Astarloza (ESP)
|
Euskaltel–Euskadi | 30 |
| 10 | Tom Boonen (BEL) 
|
Quick-Step–Innergetic | 28 |
See also
Notes
- ^ Alexander Vinokourov tested positive for an illegal blood transfusion after stage 15. Kim Kirchen was declared the winner of stage 15 on 29 April 2008. Vinokourov's stage 13 time trial win was given to Cadel Evans.
References
- "Contador wins tainted 2007 Tour". BBC News. 29 July 2007. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- 21 teams in the Tour de France 2007 Archived 8 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine 30 June 2007 press release
- "Tour de France 2007 – Starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- "Crowds turn out for Tour opening". BBC Sport. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- "Tour de France 2007 – Teams and riders". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- "The Route". Letour.fr. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- Augendre 2016, p. 110.
- Augendre 2016, p. 178.
- "94th Tour de France – The Mountains". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- "Tour de France 2007 – The Tour 2007". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- "94ème Tour de France 2007" [94th Tour de France 2007]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- "The history of the Tour de France – Year 2007 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- Westemeyer, Susan (30 April 2008). "Vino stripped of Tour stage wins, Kirchen and Evans named winners". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2008.
- "T-Mobile rider Patrik Sinkewitz tests positive before the Tour de France". International Herald Tribune. 18 July 2007. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- Tour de France press release: "Le Tour de France obtains the withdrawal of the Astana team" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (25 July 2007)
- "Tour de France Riders Stage Protest". ABC News. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- "Mayo positif et suspendu" (in French). l'Equipe. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
- "2007 Tour de France doping case dismissed in France". Cyclingnews. 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
- "Bike and dog collide". The Guardian. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- "T-Mobile's Tour jinx continues as Burghardt hits dog". Reuters. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- "Casar gives French some good news". CyclingNews.com. 28 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- "2007 Tour de France - Rider hits a dog, again!". YouTube. 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- "Rabobank explains Rasmussen sacking". CyclingNews.com. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- "Tour de France faces long ride back after doping scandals". Yahoo! Sports. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- "Rasmussen admits to 12 years of doping". CyclingWeekly.co.uk. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
- "Zoom... 2012". letour.fr. Amaury Sport Organisation. 2012. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
- Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
- Augendre 2016, p. 98.
- "Soler shines in Briançon". Cyclingnews.com. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- "Tour de France 2007 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 2007" [Information about the Tour de France from 2007]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ "Tour de France 2007 – Standings – Stage 20". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 2007 – Stage 20 Marcoussis > Paris Champs-Élysées". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- Brown, Gregor (29 July 2007). "Alberto Contador crowned Tour de France champion". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- "UCI Points scale for the individual ranking". Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
Bibliography
- Augendre, Jacques (2016). "Guide historique" [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
Further reading
- Bacon, Ellis (2014). Mapping Le Tour. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 232–233. ISBN 9780007543991. OCLC 872700415.
- Wilcockson, John (2007). The 2007 Tour De France: A New Generation Takes the Stage. Boulder, Colorado: VeloPress. ISBN 978-1-934030-10-3.
External links
- Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived 11 August 2007)
- 2007 Tour de France at Cyclingnews.com
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