| Trevor v Whitworth | |
|---|---|
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| Court | House of Lords |
| Citations | Trevor v Whitworth [1887] UKLawRpAC 26, (1887) 12 App Cas 409 |
| Keywords | |
Trevor v Whitworth (1887) 12 App Cas 409 is a UK company law case concerning share buybacks. It held they were unlawful. The case is often used in support for the Capital Maintenance Rule. The rule coming from the case itself has since been reformed by statute in several commonwealth countries. In the UK, the rule was reformed in 1980 and replaced with a statutory procedure so that shares can either be classed as redeemable or be bought back, under the Companies Act 2006 sections 684-723. In Australia, share buybacks are allowed under ss 257A-257J of the Corporations Act 2001.
Facts
A company bought back almost a quarter of its own shares. During liquidation of the company, one shareholder applied to court for the balance of amounts owed to him after the buyback.
The Court of Appeal held that he should be paid.
Judgment
The House of Lords held the buyback was ultra vires the company. Lord Herschell said the following,
If the claim under consideration can be supported, the result would seem to be this, that the whole of the shareholders, with the exception of those holding seven individual shares, might now be claiming payment of the sums paid upon their shares as against the creditors, who had a right to look to the moneys subscribed as the source out of which the company’s liabilities to them were to be met. And the stringent precautions to prevent the reduction of the capital of a limited company, without due notice and judicial sanction, would be idle if the company might purchase its own shares wholesale, and so effect the desired result... I cannot think that the employment of the company’s money in the purchase of shares for any such purpose was legitimate.
Lord Macnaghten also gave an opinion.
See also
| Sources on company shares | |
|---|---|
| Birch v Cropper (1889) 14 App Cas 525 | |
| Andrews v Gas Meter Co 1 Ch 361 | |
| Borland’s Trustee v Steel Brothers & Co Ltd 1 Ch 279 | |
| Companies Act 2006 ss 33 and 282-4 | |
| Scottish Insurance Corp v Wilsons & Clyde Coal Ltd AC 462 | |
| Dimbula Valley (Ceylon) Tea Co v Laurie Ch 353 | |
| Will v United Lankat Plantations Co Ltd AC 11 | |
| Re Bradford Investments Ltd BCLC 224 | |
| Second Company Law Directive 77/91/EEC | |
| Companies Act 2006 ss 549-551 and 561-571 | |
| Companies Act 2006 ss 10 and 617 | |
| Re Scandinavian Banking Group plc Ch 87 | |
| see UK company law |