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Trillium flexipes
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Melanthiaceae
Genus:	Trillium
Species:	T. flexipes
Binomial name
Trillium flexipes Raf.
Synonyms
Trillium declinatum Gleason 1906, nom. illeg. Trillium declinatum f. walpolei Friesner Trillium flexipes f. walpolei (Farw.) Fernald Trillium gleasonii Fernald

Trillium flexipes, known as the nodding wakerobin, bent trillium, or drooping trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found from Minnesota to Ohio, south to Tennessee, with isolated (and sometimes rare) populations in New York, Pennsylvania, Alabama, and other states. It is an endangered species in Ontario and threatened in North Carolina.

Description

T. flexipes is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. In northern areas, the flower tends to hang below the leaves, while central and southern strains have a large erect flower. The flower petals are normally white but can be reddish or maroon. The fruit is rosy red to purplish and fragrant of ripe fruit.

• Typical flower with white petals
• Variant with red petals

T. flexipes is known to hybridize with other Trillium species. In particular, hybrids between T. flexipes and T. erectum can occur. Indeed, the red-petaled forms of T. flexipes tend to occur in regions where the ranges of both species coincide. Hybridization is also suspected between T. flexipes and T. sulcatum.

Bibliography

• Case, Frederick W.; Case, Roberta B. (1997). Trilliums. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-374-2.
• Patrick, Thomas S. (1984). "Trillium sulcatum (Liliaceae), a New Species of the Southern Appalachians". Brittonia. 36 (1). New York Botanical Garden: 26–36. doi:10.2307/2806287. JSTOR 2806287. S2CID 85116255.

References

1. "Trillium flexipes". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
2. "Trillium flexipes". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
3. NRCS. "Trillium flexipes". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 15 December 2015.
4. ^ Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium flexipes". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
5. Stritch, Larry. "Nodding Wakerobin (Trillium flexipes)". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
6. "Trillium flexipes". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
7. "Drooping trillium". Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
8. "List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina". North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
9. Case & Case (1997), p. 103.
10. Jalava, Jarmo V.; Ambrose, John D. (2012). "Recovery Strategy for the Drooping Trillium (Trillium flexipes) in Ontario". Ontario Recovery Strategy Series. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
11. Patrick (1984), pp. 34–35.

External links

• Citizen science observations for Trillium flexipes at iNaturalist
• Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) occurrence data and maps for Trillium flexipes

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• NatureServe secure species
• Trillium
• Plants described in 1840
• Flora of Eastern Canada
• Flora of the Northeastern United States
• Flora of the Southeastern United States
• Flora of the North-Central United States
• Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
• Liliales stubs