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1970 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed	January 1, 1970
Last system dissipated	December 19, 1970
Strongest storm
Name	Hope
• Maximum winds	280 km/h (175 mph) (1-minute sustained)
• Lowest pressure	895 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions	31
Total storms	26
Typhoons	13
Super typhoons	7 (unofficial)
Total fatalities	> 1,847
Total damage	> $216 million (1970 USD)
Related articles
1970 Atlantic hurricane season 1970 Pacific hurricane season 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Pacific typhoon seasons 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972

The 1970 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1970, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Dateline. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1970 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

Systems

27 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms. 12 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 7 reached super typhoon strength.

Typhoon Nancy (Atang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	February 19 – February 28
Peak intensity	220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min); 950 hPa (mbar)

Nancy originated from the interaction between an active ITCZ and a cold front near the Caroline Islands and the equator in mid February. An increase in convection was shown by weather satellites on February 18 and by the following day a recon aircraft found a weak depression to the south of the Caroline Islands. The depression moved west, suppressed south by a high pressure ridge to the north, and gradually strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Nancy early on February 20. Nancy became a typhoon on the 22 about 100 miles northwest from Woleai. On February 23 Nancy passed to the north of Yap where strong gale winds occurred. Continuing to encounter more favorable conditions Nancy was able to achieve a peak intensity of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a pressure of 952 hPa (28.1 inHg) on February 24. This was the equivalent of a category four hurricane. It is rare to have a typhoon of this magnitude during the month of February, as noted by the JTWC, only Irma of the 1953 season reached the same intensity at the time. As Nancy approached the Philippine Islands the typhoon traversed to the western ambit of the ridge that had kept it to the south, allowing it to move farther in a north direction. During the 25 Nancy passed east off the coast of the easternmost islands of the Philippines. On the island of Catanduanes, the edge of the eye brushed the eastern coast. A U. S. Coast Guard loran station on Catanduanes recorded intense winds, at which point the equipment malfunctioned. The storm encountered a hostile environment to the northeast of Luzon and began to weaken. By February 26 Nancy had become a tropical storm and shortly afterward had transitioned into an extra tropical cyclone and moved off into open ocean. By the 28 what remained of Nancy was a frontal trough.

Nancy caused significant damage to the Philippines and surrounding islands. Particularly hard hit were the islands of Catanduanes and Samar. Damage was estimated near a million dollars with 5,000 families homeless. On the Island of Yap heavy storm surge caused $160,000 in damages, luckily no one was killed. A 6,065 ton American ship, Antinous, encountered the full brunt of the typhoon shortly before midnight, February 24. Ship logs record sea swells of over 40 feet, winds over 100 knots, a central pressure of 953 millibars, and three of the ships large butane tanks on the main dock broke free during the storm along with a portion of its bulwark.

Typhoon Olga (Deling)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	June 27 – July 5
Peak intensity	260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min); 905 hPa (mbar)

In mid-June a change in the jet stream over a large part of the Pacific Ocean caused an increase in tropical wave frequency; one becoming the precursor to Olga. The wave was first noticed near the Marshall Islands, particularly the Island of Majuro on June 24. As it moved west weather satellites depicted the wave had begun to organize with considerable convection and spiraling storm bands as it neared the Central Caroline Islands. Due to the waves close proximity to a high pressure area to the north, strong easterlies accelerated it to the west. The increased forward speed inhibited the establishment of a circulation until it was south of Guam early on June 29. Later that day reconnaissance found a closed center and gale-force winds, prompting the JTWC to upgrade the low into a tropical storm and was given the name Olga. As it entered the Philippine Sea the ridge that had kept it to the south began to weaken allowing Olga to move in a northwestward direction. As Olga entered an increasingly favorable environment, the storm slowed its forward speed and strengthened into a typhoon late on June 29. Rapid intensification followed as the system bottomed out at a pressure of 904 hPa (26.7 inHg) and winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) on July 1. The rapid 62 millibar drop between June 30 and July 1 caused an intense wind profile surrounding the small eye. The storm followed a break in the ridge and moved north while gradually weakening. As Olga was passing to the east of Taiwan a short wave from the China mainland gave an eastward component to the storm's motion. A low developed following the short wave and began to influence Olga, causing the typhoon to weaken. Dry air soon entered the circulation, reducing the systems overall convection. During July 5 Olga made landfall on the Kansai region of Japan, south of Osaka, as a tropical storm. The system continued into the Sea of Japan, and merged with a cold front. The remaining low tracked over South Korea before completely dissipating on July 7.

Olga was a very intense typhoon, causing an estimated ten million dollars to Japan alone. While passing through the Ryukyu Islands wind measurements were as high as 130 mph (205 km/h) on July 4. Heavy rains occurred over Japan, up to 14 inches in some areas, caused landslides and extensive flooding; killing 20. In South Korea 29 deaths were caused by the heavy rainfall associated with Olga's remnants.

Severe Tropical Storm Pamela (Klaring)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	June 28 – July 1
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 980 hPa (mbar)

Forming on June 28, Pamela slowly travelled towards the Philippines, and made landfall late on June 30. The tropical storm brought rains and winds to the Philippines, but no major damage was reported. Having greatly weakened after landfall, Pamela degenerated into a remnant low and dissipated over the South China Sea on July 1, just as Category 5 Super Typhoon Olga reached its peak.

Severe Tropical Storm Ruby (Emang)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 11 – July 17
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Ruby formed as a disturbance east of the Philippines. It slowly traveled west-southwest, becoming a tropical storm on the 12th. It crossed the northern part of Luzon before making landfall in China on the 15th. The storm became extratropical over China, and proceeded northwest, crossing Hokkaido before dissipating over the Aleutian Islands.

Tropical Storm Sally

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 19 – July 23
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 992 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Sally stayed far offshore during its life. It formed as a disturbance over the Pacific on the 18th, became a tropical storm on the 21st, then became extratropical on the 22nd and dissipated the next day.

Tropical Depression 07W (Gading)

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 25 – August 2
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 994 hPa (mbar)

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Tropical Storm 06W

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	July 28 – August 1
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 994 hPa (mbar)

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Tropical Storm Therese

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 1 – August 4
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Therese also remained far at sea during its life. It formed as a disturbance on the 30th, then turned northwestward and became a tropical storm, before undergoing extratropical transition and dissipating over the Bering Sea.

Tropical Storm Violet (Heling)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 3 – August 9
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 992 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Violet formed east of the Philippines, then traveled westward, becoming a tropical storm before making landfall on Luzon. Violet then crossed the South China Sea before making landfall in China as a weak tropical storm. It dissipated over China shortly after.

Typhoon Wilda (Iliang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 9 – August 15
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

A broad surface trough developed into Tropical Storm Wilda on August 9. After drifting to the west-southwest, it turned to the north, where it reached a peak of 120 mph winds on the 12th near Okinawa. Wilda continued northward, and weakened slightly to a 105 mph typhoon before making landfall on western Kyūshū on the 14th. Wilda accelerated to the northeast, and became extratropical on the 15th. The typhoon caused heavy rain, killing 11 people.

Typhoon Anita

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 15 – August 22
Peak intensity	250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min); 910 hPa (mbar)

An upper level low contributed to the formation of Tropical Depression 11W on August 16 over the northern Marianas Islands. It quickly intensified, reaching typhoon status that night. Anita's intensification rate slowed initially, but as it continued northwestward late on the 18th and 19th, Anita rapidly strengthened to a 155 mph super typhoon. It weakened as it accelerated to the north-northwest, and hit western Shikoku in Japan on the 21st as a 115 mph typhoon. Anita, which became extratropical on the 22nd, caused 23 deaths and sank 31 vessels.

Typhoon Billie (Loleng)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 21 – August 31
Peak intensity	205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Billie formed in the Philippine Sea as a weak depression. It intensified while heading northwards, becoming a tropical storm on the 23rd, a typhoon on the 25th, and reaching its maximum intensity of 110-knot winds and a 945-millibar central pressure as it passed the Ryukyu Islands on the 27th. The storm brushed South Korea as a category-1-equivalent typhoon on the 29th before making landfall in North Korea on the 30th. The remnants of Billie dissipated over the Sino-Soviet border shortly after.

Typhoon Clara

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 25 – September 4
Peak intensity	155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 960 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Clara developed on August 26 southeast of Japan from an upper tropospheric circulation that separated from the Mid-Pacific trough. It quickly strengthened, and became a typhoon on the 27th at 31.9º North, one of only 16 Western Pacific typhoons to reach that strength north of 30ºN. Clara peaked at 95 mph before coming close to Japan, when a shortwave trough forced it sharply eastward. The storm maintained its intensity until becoming extratropical on September 3. An interesting fact about Clara was a reconnaissance mission flown into Hurricane Dot in the central Pacific also flew into Clara on the same flight, an unusual accomplishment not normally seen.

Tropical Depression Miding

Tropical depression (JMA)
Duration	August 31 – September 2
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 996 hPa (mbar)

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Severe Tropical Storm Fran (Norming)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 3 – September 10
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Fran formed east of the Philippines on the 3rd, then traveled in a rather unusual fashion, traveling away from the coast before turning back towards it. It passed over the northern part of Taiwan Island on the 6th, before making landfall in China on the 7th. The remnants of Fran lingered over China for some days before it dissipated.

Tropical Storm Ellen (Oyang)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 3 – September 6
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Ellen formed east of the Philippines and traveled northwestwards, becoming a tropical storm well south of Japan. It passed over the southern Ryukyu Islands before dissipating.

Typhoon Georgia (Pitang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 16
Peak intensity	260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min); 905 hPa (mbar)

Georgia originated from a tropical wave on September 7, and became tropical storm Georgia on the 8th. Moving over warmer waters, Georgia reached typhoon status late on the 8th and super typhoon status on the 10th, developing a distinct eye. Georgia continued to strengthen further and peaked as a 160 mph category 5 super typhoon, just as the typhoon made landfall at Luzon. Georgia did not drop a lot of rain during its passage through the Philippines, but its strong winds caused 95 casualties (with 80 missing) and damage at $1.4 million (1970 USD). Georgia greatly weakened over the Philippines, and emerged into the South China Sea on the 12th, as a category 1 typhoon. A trough turned Georgia to the north on the 13th, and Georgia made its final landfall in China, degenerating into a remnant low on the 14th, and completely dissipating on the 16th.

Typhoon Hope

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 19 – September 30
Peak intensity	280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min); 895 hPa (mbar)

The strongest storm of the season, Hope was a very strong category 5 super typhoon with pressure reaching 895 mbar. Hope did not affect land and stayed well out to sea. It formed in September 19 and dissipated on September 30.

Tropical Depression Ruping

Tropical depression (JMA)
Duration	September 18 – September 28
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar)

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Typhoon Iris

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 2 – October 8
Peak intensity	185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min); 960 hPa (mbar)

Iris was the first typhoon to develop over the South China Sea in October since 1957. Iris developed on the 2nd due to a shear line. It intensified while slowly traveling northwards, reaching its maximum intensity on the afternoon of the 6th while 140 miles south of Hong Kong. The conditions around the system rapidly became unfavorable after that, and it weakened quickly, finally dissipating on the 9th.

Tropical Depression 20W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	October 4 – October 10
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1004 hPa (mbar)

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Typhoon Joan (Sening)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 9 – October 18
Peak intensity	280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min); 905 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance organized into Tropical Storm Joan on October 10, east of the Philippines. Conditions favored strengthening, and Joan reached typhoon status on the 11th. From late on the 11th to early on the 13th, Typhoon Joan rapidly intensified to a 175 mph Super Typhoon. It struck the southeastern Luzon at that intensity on the 13th, and crossed the archipelago. After weakening to a minimal typhoon, Joan turned to the northwest, where it reintensified to a 115 mph typhoon. It made landfall on eastern Hainan Island on the 16th, and dissipated on the 18th over China. Joan left 768 people dead (with 193 missing), and caused $74 million in damage (1970 USD), mostly from agricultural losses.

Typhoon Kate (Titang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	October 14 – October 26
Peak intensity	240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min); 940 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Kate developed just behind Typhoon Joan, east of the southern Philippines on October 14. It tracked westward as a small cyclone, and strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th. It made landfall twice, once in the Philippines and once in Vietnam, resulting in at least 631 fatalities (with 284 missing) and $50 million in damage.

Typhoon Louise (Uding)

Typhoon (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	October 23 – October 29
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Louise (classified as a tropical storm by the JTWC) formed as a disturbance east of the Philippines. The disturbance traveled across them before it became a tropical storm over the South China Sea. It made landfall in South Vietnam and dissipated over the Gulf of Thailand.

Severe Tropical Storm Marge (Wening)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	October 27 – November 8
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Marge followed a similar path to Louise. It formed over the Pacific, becoming a tropical depression south of Guam. It became a tropical storm 3 days later, then crossed southern Luzon before dissipating over the South China Sea off the Vietnamese coast.

Tropical Storm Nora

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	November 1 – November 4
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Nora formed south of Vietnam and began to strengthen, becoming a tropical storm the next day. The system passed south of Cape Cà Mau as a tropical storm before weakening and dissipating over the Gulf of Thailand. The remnants of Nora then crossed the Malay Peninsula on the 5th, and contributed to the formation of the 1970 Bhola cyclone on the 8th, which devastated East Pakistan (Modern day Bangladesh).

Severe Tropical Storm Opal

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	November 11 – November 17
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Opal formed as a disturbance over the sea east of Mindanao, then crossed the Philippines before becoming a depression over the South China Sea. It intensified into a tropical storm as it turned southwestward over the South China Sea, passing close to Vietnam, but it dissipated southeast of the Mekong Delta.

Typhoon Patsy (Yoling)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	November 14 – November 22
Peak intensity	250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min); 910 hPa (mbar)

A tropical disturbance organized into Tropical Depression 27W on November 14 near the Marianas Islands. A strong ridge to its north forced it westward, where it strengthened to tropical storm status later on the 14th. Patsy steadily intensified, reaching typhoon strength on the 16th and peaking at 155 mph on the 18th. Its inflow became disrupted by the Philippines to its west, and Patsy hit Luzon on the 19th with winds of 130 mph, making it the 3rd strong typhoon since September to strike the island. After crossing the island, Patsy traversed the South China Sea, where cooler waters kept the system a tropical storm. On November 22, Patsy struck Vietnam, and dissipated soon after. Typhoon Patsy was one of the deadliest typhoons to strike the Philippines in its history. 611 people were killed (with 351 missing) on the island, and 135 people were killed at sea due to shipping failures. Because the Vietnam War was raging at that time, it is difficult to say about the damage or death toll, but estimates say that 30 people died in Vietnam.

Tropical Storm Ruth (Aning)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	November 24 – November 29
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 996 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Ruth formed as a disturbance far at sea, then slowly travelled westward, but it did not intensify into a tropical depression until it was in the South China Sea. It briefly became a tropical storm south of the Mekong Delta, but it weakened into a tropical depression before it crossed just south of Cape Cà Mau. The remnants of Ruth dissipated just off the coast of Thailand.

Tropical Depression Bidang

Tropical depression (JMA)
Duration	December 15 – December 19
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1002 hPa (mbar)

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Other systems

According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, on September 2 Tropical Cyclone Dot briefly crossed the International Date Line from the Central Pacific into its area of responsibility, crossing back later that day.

Storm names

Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1970 was named Nancy and the final one was named Ruth.

One Central Pacific System developed, Hurricane Dot. The policy at that time was to use Western Pacific Names for the Central Pacific.

Philippines

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1974 season. This is the same list used for the 1966 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.

Retirement

Due to the severe damage in the Philippines, PAGASA later retired the names Pitang, Sening, Titang, and Yoling. Those were replaced by Pasing, Susang, Tering, and Yaning for the 1974 season. This season had the most retired names by PAGASA at that time.

Season effects

This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1970. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA, however due to lack of information around this time sustained winds were recorded by the JTWC. All damage figures will be in 1970 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.

See also

• List of Pacific typhoon seasons
• 1970 Pacific hurricane season
• 1970 Atlantic hurricane season
• 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
• Australian cyclone seasons: 1969–70, 1970–71
• South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1969–70, 1970–71
• South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1969–70, 1970–71

References

1. National Climatic Data Center (2013). "Nancy IBTrACS File". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
2. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1971). "Annual Typhoon Report 1970" (PDF). United States Navy. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
3. National Climatic Data Center (2013). "Olga IBTrACS File". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
4. JMA Best Track Data (Text)

External links

• Japan Meteorological Agency
• Joint Typhoon Warning Center Archived 2010-03-01 at the Wayback Machine.
• China Meteorological Agency
• National Weather Service Guam
• Hong Kong Observatory
• Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
• Korea Meteorological Agency
• Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
• Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
• Digital Typhoon - Typhoon Images and Information
• Typhoon2000 Philippine typhoon website

• 1970 Pacific typhoon season