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Ammāmeparāni (Persian:عمامه‌پرانی; "turban throwing", "knocking off the turban"), often referred to as turban knocking in English, is a protest action by Iranians in which they throw the turban off the head of a mullah (Persian: Akhund) in order to express their disgust with the Shia clergy and therefore insult it. The action is normally done through the protester running past the subject, knocking the headdress while continuing to run off to avoid capture. During the Mahsa Amini protests in Iran of 2022, people would take videos doing this action, publishing them on social media, resulting in a brief popularization of the protest method.

Turban knocking soon came to be seen as an expression of women’s resistance to the clerical establishment, with women who premeditated the act doing so while lacking a hair covering – an act punishable by law. Engaging in this illegal act, was, however, purposeful, as well as holding precedent. Combining these two forms of protest, as simply as the act of a woman refusing to cover their hair, serves three purposes, amongst others. First is acting as an expression of refusal to cooperate with Iranian theocratic law. Second is acting as an expression of civil disobedience towards the Iranian Morality Police, who during the Mahsa Amini protests were a primary target of the goals of the protesters. Third is acting to increase attention to the protests, indicate the existence of civil discontent, and promote engagement and topical virality, by engaging in such a contextually politically, religiously, and socially controversial act, and consequently angering sympathizers of the status quo.

Aba (Abā; Persian: عبا) and Ammame (Arabic: عمامة `emãmah) are clothes of Muslim clergy and some believe that this dress is the dress of the Prophet of Islam and should be respected.

History

Ammameparani occurred for the first time in contemporary history of Iran during the Triumph of Tehran in 1909 of the Constitutional Revolution, when Yusuf-Khan threw the turban of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri to protesting crowd.

Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, was the first person to demand the taking off of the turbans of mullahs in a speech against them. He delivered it while in exile in Najaf, Iraq and calling the Iranian clerics derogatorily "court mullahs" (mullahs who supported the Pahlavi) or "corrupt mullahs", he said: "Our youth should pick up the turbans of the mullahs who create corruption in the Muslim society in the name of Islamic jurists. There is no need to beat them too much but pick up their turbans."

Mahsa Amini protests

During Iranians' nationwide protests of 2022, knocking off turbans became a political campaign and as of 3 November 2022 it is expanding. People throw off the turbans of the clergy to declare that they are dissatisfied with the religious government and the leaders of the Islamic Republic.

Reactions

• Moqtada as-Sadr, an Iraqi cleric and one of the leaders of the Iraqi Shiites, criticized this action and expressed concern about its possible spread to other Muslim countries.
• In response to "ammameparani", a parallel campaign called "ammamebusi" (Persian:عمامه‌بوسی; "turban kissing") was launched. Some people in Iran and Iraq kissed mullahs' turbans to show respect to the clergy and published the video of their act on social media.

See also

• Estates of the realm#First Estate
• Ulama

Sources

1. "Fear of the regime is eroding in Iran". 4 November 2022.
2. "عمامه‌پرانی به ترکیه رسید". Horriat. khabaranlain. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
3. "One video of Ammameparani in Tehran". voanews.
4. "Ammameparani in Tehran by a young person". voanews.
5. Esfandiari, Golnaz; Fatemi, Hamid (11 November 2022). "In New Tactic, Young Iranian Protesters Knock Off Clerics' Turbans On The Street". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
6. Fatima, Sakina (13 November 2022). "Iran anti-hijab protests: Protestors knock turbans off clerics' heads". The Siasat Daily. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
7. "As Iran's clerics face a "turban tossing" trend, army warns it's ready to quash protests". CBS News. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
8. "اعترضات در ایران؛ عمامه‌پرانی از چه زمانی آغاز شد". Masud Azar. BBC Persian. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
9. "تجربه‌ای تاریخی از عمامه‌‌پرانی در ایران". Hadi Ansari. Khabranlain. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
10. "ضرورت عبرت‌گیری از حوادث مشروطه مشروعه". Tasnim. Tasnim. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
11. "اعترضات در ایران؛ عمامه‌پرانی از چه زمانی آغاز شد". Masud Azar. BBC Persian. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
12. "باید عمامه آخوندهای مفسد را از سرشان بردارید/ مگر جوانان ما مرده‌اند؟ + صوت". Farsnews. Farsnews. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
13. "دستور امام خمینی برای کشیدن عمامه از سر آخوندهای فاسد". Eghtesadnews. Eghtesadnews. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
14. "آخوندهای درباری را طرد کنید". Khomeini Publication Institute. Khomeini Publication Institute. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
15. "عمامه‌پرانی کارزاری به مثابه اعتراض به حاکمیت دینی". Ali Heydari. AlArabiyaFarsi. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
16. "اعترضات در ایران؛ عمامه‌پرانی از چه زمانی آغاز شد". Masud Azar. BBC Persian. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
17. "عمامه‌پرانی، شکل جدید اعتراض". Iraninnternational.
18. "انتقاد و نگرانی مقتدی صدر از عمامه افکنی در ایران و سرایت اعتراضات ضد حجاب به دیگر کشورها". BBC Persian. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
19. "عمامه‌بوسی جوانان پاسخی به اهانت‌ها به ساحت روحانیت+فیلم". Mashreghnews. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
20. "ویدیویی وایرال شده در شبکه‌های مجازی از عمامه‌بوسی در عراق". Khabaranlayn. Retrieved 6 November 2022.

v t e Mahsa Amini protests
Timeline Reactions
Background	Mahsa Amini Death of Mahsa Amini Iranian protests against compulsory hijab Dress code in Iran since 1979 Guidance Patrol Rage Against the Veil (anti-hijab book)
People	Deaths Aylar Haghi Sarina Esmailzadeh Khodanur Lojei Minoo Majidi Ghazaleh Chalabi Hadis Najafi Asra Panahi Kian Pirfalak Aida Rostami Mohammad Reza Sarvari Nika Shakarami Erfan Zamani Armita Geravand Executions and death sentences Executions Mohammad Hosseini Mohammad Mehdi Karami Majidreza Rahnavard Mohsen Shekari Mohammad Ghobadlou Saleh Mirhashemi Milad Zohrevand Sentences Mohammad Boroughani Mehdi Bahman Toomaj Salehi Present and former detainees Armita Abbasi Hamidreza Aliasgari Taraneh Alidoosti Mona Borzouei Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee Voria Ghafouri Hengameh Ghaziani Shervin Hajipour Niloofar Hamedi Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani Bahareh Hedayat Mohammadreza Jalaeipour Hossein Mahini Amir Emad Mirmirani Yalda Moaiery Elaheh Mohammadi Farideh Moradkhani Amir Reza Nasr Azadani Kaveh Rezaei Katayoun Riahi Hossein Ronaghi Arash Sadeghi Kianush Sanjari Fatemeh Sepehri Majid Tavakoli Soheila Golestani Hamid Pourazari Elham Afkari Mahan Sadrat Navab Ebrahimi Elham Modarresi Eshragh Najafabadi Elnaz Mohammadi Negin Bagheri Donya Rad Mohammad Ali Kamfirouzi Saeed Shirzad Vida Rabbani Organizers and artists involved Masih Alinejad Nazanin Boniadi Hamed Esmaeilion Shabnam Farshadjoo Ali Karimi Simin Keramati Arghavan Khosravi Afshin Naghouni Shirin Neshat Reza Pahlavi Anahita Razmi Sheida Soleimani
Events	September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan 2022 Zahedan massacre Evin Prison fire Shah Cheragh attack 2022 2023 Attack on Izeh market Khomeini house fire 2023 Iran drone attacks Iranian schoolgirls mass poisoning reports Eye injuries
Lists	Deaths during the Mahsa Amini protests Death sentences during the Mahsa Amini protests
Sanctions	MAHSA Act (J. Banks proposal) Tenney resolution
Related	Baraye Elnaz Rekabi Iran Human Rights Human Rights Activists in Iran Neighbourhood Youth Alliance of Iran Woman, Life, Freedom Woman, Life, Freedom movement Suicide of Mohammad Moradi Iranian demonstrations in Strasbourg Time Heroes of the Year 2023 Nobel Peace Prize Sakharov Prize 1500 Tasvir
Category

• Mahsa Amini protests
• Anti-Islam sentiment