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1962 United States Senate elections

← 1960 November 6, 1962 1964 →
← 1961 (TX)
39 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Mike Mansfield Everett Dirksen Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 1961 January 3, 1959 Leader's seat Montana Illinois Seats before 64 36 Seats after 68 32 Seat change 4 4 Popular vote 21,387,598 20,897,719 Percentage 50.3% 49.1% Seats up 21 18 Races won 25 14
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election Rectangular inset (Id., Kan. & N. H.): both seats up for election
Majority Leader before election Mike Mansfield Democratic Elected Majority Leader Mike Mansfield Democratic

The 1962 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate. Held on November 6, the 34 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. They occurred in the middle of President John F. Kennedy's term. His Democratic Party made a net gain of four seats from the Republicans, increasing their control of the Senate to 68–32. However, this was reduced to 67–33 between the election and the next Congress, as on November 18, 1962, Democrat Dennis Chávez, who was not up for election that year, died. He was replaced on November 30, 1962, by Republican appointee Edwin L. Mechem. Additionally, Democrat Strom Thurmond became a Republican in 1964, further reducing Democrats to 66–34. This was the first time since 1932 that Democrats gained seats in this class of Senators.

This was the first time since 1914 that the president's party gained seats in the Senate and lost seats in the House, this would occur again in 1970, 2018, and 2022.

Results summary

Parties					Total
		Democratic	Republican	Other
Last elections (1960) Before these elections		64	36	0	100
Not up		43	18	0	61
Up		21	18	—	39
	Class 3 (1956→1962)	19	15	—	34
	Special: Class 1	1	0	—	1
	Special: Class 2	1	3	—	4
Incumbent retired		2	2	—	4
	Held by same party	2	0	—	2
	Replaced by other party	2 Republicans replaced by 2 Democrats		—	2
	Result	4	0	0	4
Incumbent ran		19	16	—	35
	Won re-election	17	12	—	29
	Lost re-election	3 Republicans replaced by 3 Democrats 2 Democrats replaced by 2 Republicans		—	5
	Lost renomination, but held by same party	0	0	—	0
	Lost renomination, and party lost	1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat		—	1
	Result	21	14	0	35
Total elected		25	14	0	39
Net gain/loss		4	4		4
Nationwide vote		21,387,598	20,897,719	258,084	42,543,401
	Share	50.27%	49.12%	0.61%	100%
Result		68	32	0	100

Source:

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Two Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats

Four Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Post-election changes

Post-election changes

One Democrat switched to a Republican in September 1964.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Elections results

Beginning of the next Congress

Race summaries

Special elections during the 87th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1962 or before January 3, 1963; ordered by election date, then state.

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1963; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

Closest races

Nineteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

Nevada was the tipping point state with a margin of 30.6%.

Alabama

1962 United States Senate election in Alabama

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee J. Lister Hill James D. Martin Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 201,937 195,134 Percentage 50.86% 49.14%

County Results Hill   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%   80-90% Martin   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%

U.S. senator before election J. Lister Hill Democratic Elected U.S. Senator J. Lister Hill Democratic

Alaska

1962 United States Senate election in Alaska

← 1958 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Ernest Gruening Ted Stevens Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 33,827 24,354 Percentage 58.14% 41.86%

Results by state house district Gruening:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Ernest Gruening Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Ernest Gruening Democratic

Incumbent Ernest Gruening defeated the Republican challenger, former U.S. Attorney, Interior Solicitor & future long-time U.S. Senator Ted Stevens, to win re-election to a full term.

Arizona

1962 United States Senate election in Arizona

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Carl Hayden Evan Mecham Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 199,217 163,338 Percentage 54.94% 45.06%

County results Hayden:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Mecham:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Carl Hayden Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Carl Hayden Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Carl Hayden defeated future Governor Evan Mecham to win re-election to a seventh term.

Arkansas

1962 U.S. Senate election in Arkansas

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee J. William Fulbright Kenneth G. Jones Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 214,867 98,013 Percentage 68.67% 31.33%

County results Fulbright:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election J. William Fulbright Democratic Elected U.S. Senator J. William Fulbright Democratic

California

1962 United States Senate election in California

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Thomas Kuchel Richard B. Richards Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 3,180,483 2,452,839 Percentage 56.31% 43.43%

County results Kuchel:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Thomas Kuchel Republican Elected U.S. Senator Thomas Kuchel Republican

Colorado

1962 United States Senate election in Colorado

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Peter Dominick John A. Carroll Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 328,655 279,586 Percentage 53.58% 45.58%

County results Dominick:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Carroll:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John A. Carroll Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Peter Dominick Republican

Connecticut

Connecticut election

← 19561968 →

Nominee Abraham Ribicoff Horace Seely-Brown, Jr. Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 527,522 501,694 Percentage 51.25% 48.74%

County results Municipality resultsRibicoff:      50–60%      60-70% Brown:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%

U.S. senator before election Prescott Bush Republican Elected U.S. Senator Abraham Ribicoff Democratic

Florida

1962 United States Senate election in Florida

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee George Smathers Emerson Rupert Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 657,633 281,381 Percentage 70.02% 29.96%

County results Smathers:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election George Smathers Democratic Elected U.S. Senator George Smathers Democratic

Georgia

1962 U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Georgia

← 1956 September 12, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Herman Talmadge Henry M. Henderson Party Democratic Democratic Popular vote 673,782 91,654 Percentage 88.03% 11.79%

County results Talmadge:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election Herman Talmadge Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Herman Talmadge Democratic

Hawaii

1962 United States Senate election in Hawaii

← 1959 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Daniel Inouye Ben Dillingham II Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 136,294 60,067 Percentage 69.41% 30.59%

County results Inouye:      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Oren Long Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye Democratic

Idaho

Idaho (regular)

1962 United States Senate election in Idaho

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Frank Church Jack Hawley Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 141,657 117,129 Percentage 54.74% 45.26%

County results Church:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Hawley:      50–60% Tie:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Frank Church Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Frank Church Democratic

Idaho (special)

1962 United States Senate special election in Idaho

← 1960 November 6, 1962 1966 →

Nominee Leonard B. Jordan Gracie Pfost Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 131,279 126,398 Percentage 50.95% 49.05%

County results Jordan:      50–60%      60–70% Pfost:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election Leonard B. Jordan Republican Elected U.S. Senator Leonard B. Jordan Republican

Illinois

Illinois election

← 19561968 →
Turnout	72.66%
Nominee Everett Dirksen Sidney R. Yates Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,961,202 1,748,007 Percentage 52.87% 47.13%
County Results Dirksen:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80% Yates:      50–60%      60–70%
U.S. senator before election Everett Dirksen Republican Elected U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen Republican

Indiana

1962 United States Senate election in Indiana

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Birch Bayh Homer Capehart Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 905,491 894,547 Percentage 50.30% 49.70%

County results Bayh:      50–60%      60–70% Capehart:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Homer Capehart Republican Elected U.S. Senator Birch Bayh Democratic

Iowa

1962 United States Senate election in Iowa

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Bourke B. Hickenlooper E.B. Smith Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 431,364 376,602 Percentage 53.39% 46.61%

County results Hickenlooper:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80% Smith:      50–60%      60–70% Tie:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Bourke B. Hickenlooper Republican Elected U.S. Senator Bourke B. Hickenlooper Republican

Kansas

Kansas (regular)

1962 United States Senate election in Kansas

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Frank Carlson K.L. Smith Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 388,500 223,630 Percentage 62.44% 35.94%

County results Carlson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Smith:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Frank Carlson Republican Elected U.S. Senator Frank Carlson Republican

Kansas (special)

1962 United States Senate special election in Kansas

← 1960 November 6, 1962 1966 →

Nominee James B. Pearson Paul L. Aylward Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 344,689 260,756 Percentage 56.21% 42.52%

County results Pearson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Aylward:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election James B. Pearson Republican Elected U.S. Senator James B. Pearson Republican

Kentucky

1962 United States Senate election in Kentucky

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Thruston Ballard Morton Wilson W. Wyatt Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 432,648 387,440 Percentage 52.76% 47.24%

County results Morton:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80–90% Wyatt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Thruston Ballard Morton Republican Elected U.S. Senator Thruston Ballard Morton Republican

Louisiana

1962 United States Senate election in Louisiana

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Russell B. Long Taylor W. O'Hearn Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 318,838 103,666 Percentage 75.46% 24.54%

Parish results Long:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Maloney:      50-60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election Russell Long Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Russell Long Democratic

Maryland

1962 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Daniel Brewster Edward Tylor Miller Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 439,723 269,131 Percentage 62.03% 37.97%

County results Brewster:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Miller:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John Marshall Butler Republican Elected U.S. Senator Daniel Brewster Democratic

Massachusetts (special)

1962 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts

← 1958 November 6, 1962 1964 →

Nominee Ted Kennedy George C. Lodge Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,162,611 877,668 Percentage 55.44% 41.85%

County results Municipality resultsKennedy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Lodge:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election Benjamin A. Smith II Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy Democratic

John F. Kennedy, originally elected to the U.S. Senate in 1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, resigned in 1961 after being elected in the 1960 United States presidential election. Incumbent Benjamin A. Smith II chose not to run for re-election. Ted Kennedy, brother of John and Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, defeated Edward J. McCormack, Jr. by a wide margin in the Democratic primary. In the Republican primary, U.S. Assistant Secretary of Labor for International Affairs George C. Lodge defeated U.S. representative Laurence Curtis in a close race.

A battle between two candidates from influential political families, H. Stuart Hughes ran as an independent. Kennedy defeated Lodge with 55% of the vote to 42% for Lodge, with 2% to Hughes. Kennedy would serve until 2009.

Missouri

Missouri election

← 19601968 →

Nominee Edward V. Long R. Crosby Kemper Jr. Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 663,301 555,330 Percentage 54.43% 45.57%

County results Long:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Kemper:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Edward V. Long Democratic Elected U.S. senator Edward V. Long Democratic

Nevada

Nevada election

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Alan Bible William B. Wright Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 63,443 33,749 Percentage 65.3% 34.7%

County results Bible:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Wright:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Alan Bible Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Alan Bible Democratic

New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

1962 United States Senate election in New Hampshire

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Norris Cotton Alfred Catalfo Jr. Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 134,035 90,444 Percentage 59.71% 40.29%

County results Cotton:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Catalfo:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Norris Cotton Republican Elected U.S. Senator Norris Cotton Republican

New Hampshire (special)

1962 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire

← 1960 November 6, 1962 1966 →

Nominee Thomas J. McIntyre Perkins Bass Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 117,612 107,199 Percentage 52.32% 47.68%

County results McIntyre:      50–60%      60–70% Bass:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Maurice J. Murphy Jr. Republican Elected U.S. Senator Thomas J. McIntyre Democratic

New York

1962 United States Senate election in New York

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Jacob Javits James B. Donovan Party Republican Democratic Alliance Liberal Popular vote 3,272,417 2,289,323 Percentage 57.38% 40.14%

County results Javits:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Donovan:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Jacob K. Javits Republican Elected U.S. Senator Jacob K. Javits Republican

North Carolina

1962 United States Senate election in North Carolina

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Sam Ervin Claude Greene Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 491,520 321,635 Percentage 60.45% 39.55%

County results Ervin:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Greene:      50-60%      60-70%

Senator before election Sam Ervin Democratic Elected Senator Sam Ervin Democratic

North Dakota

1962 United States Senate election in North Dakota

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Milton Young William Lanier Party Republican Democratic–NPL Popular vote 135,705 88,032 Percentage 60.65% 39.35%

County results Young:      50-60%      60-70%      70-80% Lanier:      50–60%

Senator before election Milton Young Republican Elected Senator Milton Young Republican

Incumbent Republican Milton Young was re-elected to his fourth term, defeating North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party candidate William Lanier of Fargo. Only Young filed as a Republican, and the endorsed Democratic candidate was Lanier, who had previously faced Young in a special election held in 1946 to fill the seat which was vacated by the late John Moses. Young and Lanier won the primary elections for their respective parties. No independents ran.

Ohio

1962 United States Senate election in Ohio

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Frank Lausche John M. Briley Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,843,813 1,151,173 Percentage 61.56% 38.44%

County results Lausche:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Briley:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Frank J. Lausche Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Frank J. Lausche Democratic

Oklahoma

1962 United States Senate election in Oklahoma

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Mike Monroney B. Hayden Crawford Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 353,890 307,966 Percentage 53.24% 46.33%

County results Monroney:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Crawford:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Mike Monroney Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Mike Monroney Democratic

Oregon

1962 United States Senate election in Oregon

← 1956 November 8, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Wayne Morse Sig Unander Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 344,716 291,587 Percentage 54.15% 45.81%

County results Morse:      50–60%      60–70% Unander:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Wayne Morse Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Wayne Morse Democratic

Democratic incumbent Wayne Morse was re-elected to a fourth term. He defeated Republican candidate Sig Unander in the general election.

Pennsylvania

1962 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Joseph S. Clark Jr. James E. Van Zandt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,238,383 2,134,649 Percentage 51.07% 48.70%

County results Clark:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Zandt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Joseph S. Clark, Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Joseph S. Clark, Jr. Democratic

South Carolina

1962 United States Senate election in South Carolina

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1966 (special) →

Nominee Olin D. Johnston W. D. Workman, Jr. Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 178,712 133,930 Percentage 57.16% 42.84%

County results Johnston:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Workman:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election Olin D. Johnston Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Olin D. Johnston Democratic

Incumbent Democratic Senator Olin D. Johnston defeated Governor Fritz Hollings in the Democratic primary and Republican W. D. Workman Jr. in the general election. The South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary on June 12, 1962. Olin D. Johnston, the incumbent Senator, faced stiff competition from Governor Fritz Hollings who argued that Johnston was too liberal and not representative of South Carolina interests. Johnston merely told the voters that he was doing what he thought was best for the agriculture and textile workers of the state. Hollings was decisively defeated by Johnston because Johnston used his position as Post Office and Civil Service Committee to build 40 new post offices in the state and thus demonstrate the pull he had in Washington to bring home the bacon.

W. D. Workman Jr., a correspondent for the News and Courier, faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.

Both Johnston and Workman supported segregation, so the campaign centered on the economic issues of the state. Workman tried to persuade the voters that Johnston's policies were socialist and that he was too closely aligned with the Kennedy administration. Johnston was a consistent supporter of socialized health care proposals and Workman was able to win considerable support from the medical establishment. However, the state's citizens were much poorer than that of the rest of the nation and Johnston's class based appeals made him a very popular figure for the downtrodden of both the white and black races. The competitive nature of this race foresaw the eventual rise of the Republican Party and that South Carolinians were growing increasingly suspicious of policies generated at the federal level.

South Dakota

1962 United States Senate election in South Dakota

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee George McGovern Joseph H. Bottum Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 127,458 126,861 Percentage 50.12% 49.88%

County results McGovern:      50–60%      60–70% Bottum:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Joseph H. Bottum Republican Elected U.S. Senator George McGovern Democratic

Utah

1962 United States Senate election in Utah

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Wallace F. Bennett David S. King Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 166,755 151,656 Percentage 52.37% 47.63%

County results Bennett:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% King:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Wallace F. Bennett Republican Elected U.S. Senator Wallace F. Bennett Republican

Vermont

1962 United States Senate election in Vermont

← 1956 November 6, 1962 (1962-11-06) 1968 →

Nominee George Aiken W. Robert Johnson Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 81,241 40,134 Percentage 66.83% 33.17%

County results Aiken:      50–60%      60–70%      70-80%

U.S. senator before election George Aiken Republican Elected U.S. Senator George Aiken Republican

Washington

1962 United States Senate election in Washington

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Warren Magnuson Richard G. Christensen Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 491,365 446,204 Percentage 52.09% 47.31%

County results Magnuson:      50–60%      60–70% Christensen:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Warren Magnuson Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Warren Magnuson Democratic

Wisconsin

1962 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

← 1956 November 6, 1962 1968 →

Nominee Gaylord Nelson Alexander Wiley Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 662,342 594,846 Percentage 52.26% 47.21%

County results Nelson:      50–60%      60–70% Wiley:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%

U.S. senator before election Alexander Wiley Republican Elected U.S. Senator Gaylord A. Nelson Democratic

Incumbent Republican Alexander Wiley lost to Democrat Gaylord A. Nelson.

Wyoming (special)

1962 United States Senate special election in Wyoming

← 1960 November 6, 1962 1966 →

Nominee Milward Simpson John J. Hickey Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 69,043 50,329 Percentage 57.84% 42.16%

County results Simpson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Hickey:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John J. Hickey Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Milward Simpson Republican

See also

• 1962 United States elections
  • 1962 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 1962 United States House of Representatives elections
• 87th United States Congress
• 88th United States Congress

Notes

1. In New Hampshire special election, Maurice J. Murphy Jr. lost nomination to represent the state and Perkins Bass became the party's new nominee.
2. ^ Appointee defeated
3. ^ Appointee elected
4. Morse was first elected in 1944 and re-elected in 1950 as a Republican. He became an independent in 1952 and joined the Democratic Party in 1955.

1. ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives (March 16, 1963). "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1962" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 10, 14, 15, 23, 42, 43.
2. Congressional Elections, 1946-1996. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. p. 84. ISBN 1-56802-248-4.
3. Scammon, Richard M., ed. (1964). America Votes 5: a handbook of contemporary American election statistics, 1962. Washington, D.C.: Governmental Affairs Institute. p. 73.
4. "FL US Senate, 1962". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
5. Adams, Tom (1963). Biennial Report of the Secretary of State of the State of Florida for the Period Beginning January 1, 1961 and Ending December 31, 1962. Tallahassee: Office of the Secretary of State for Florida. p. 297.
6. Lanier is not to be confused with former North Dakota Governor William Langer.
7. ^ "Our Campaigns - OR US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962". www.ourcampaigns.com.
8. ^ "WI US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962". Our Campaigns.

References

• "Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1963, p. 6.
• Jordan, Frank E. The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962. p. 83.
• Kalk, Bruce H. (2001). The Origins of the Southern Strategy: Two-Party Competition in South. Lexington Books. pp. 56–61.
• "Veteran's Viciory". Time. June 22, 1962. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2008.