List of ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan

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Ambassador of the United States to Afghanistan
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent Karen B. Decker (chargé d'affaires) since August 1, 2022
United States Department of State Afghan Affairs Unit at U.S. Embassy Doha
Reports to	United States Secretary of State
Seat	Doha, Qatar
Appointer	President of the United States with advice and consent of the Senate
Term length	At the pleasure of the President
Inaugural holder	William H. Hornibrook (as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary)
Formation	May 4, 1935 (1935-05-04) (original) December 17, 2001 (2001-12-17) (current form)
Website	Official website

The United States ambassador to Afghanistan is the official diplomatic representative of the United States to Afghanistan. In the wake of the 2021 fall of Kabul to the Taliban, the U.S. embassy in Kabul transferred operations to Doha, Qatar. Since December 31, 2021, the U.S. interests section at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul has served as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan.

The United States recognized Afghanistan, then under the rule of King Amānullāh, on July 26, 1921. Diplomatic relations were established in 1935. The first ambassador appointed to Afghanistan was William H. Hornibrook, who was concurrently commissioned to Persia, as Iran was known then, and resided in Tehran. Until 1942, the U.S. ambassador to Persia/Iran was also the ambassador to Afghanistan. The U.S. legation at Kabul was established on June 6, 1942, with Charles W. Thayer as chargé d’affaires ad interim. Cornelius Van Hemert Engert presented his credentials to the government of Afghanistan on July 2, 1942, as the first envoy solely accredited to Afghanistan.

Ambassador Adolph Dubs was assassinated in a botched kidnapping attempt in 1979. For the next ten years, no ambassador was appointed; only a series of chargés d’affaires represented the U.S. in Kabul. The embassy at Kabul was closed on January 30, 1989, due to concerns that the new regime would not be able to maintain security and protect diplomats following the final departure of Soviet forces from the country.

Following the overthrow of the Taliban government, the U.S. liaison office in Kabul opened on December 17, 2001, with Ambassador James Dobbins serving as director. The United States recognized the Afghan Interim Administration on December 22, 2001, when it assumed the authority to represent Afghanistan in its external relations. The embassy reopened on January 17, 2002, with Ryan Crocker as chargé d’affaires a.i.

Ambassadors and chiefs of mission


#	Name	Title	Appointed	Presented credentials	Terminated mission	Notes
1	William H. Hornibrook – Political appointee	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	January 22, 1935	May 4, 1935	Left Tehran March 16, 1936	The names of the chargés heading the Afghanistan mission between Hornibrook’s departure in 1936 and the arrival of Dreyfus in 1941 have not been recorded.
2	Louis G. Dreyfus, Jr. – Career FSO	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	February 16, 1940	May 19, 1941	Superseded by establishment of legation in Kabul, July 25, 1942	Legation Kabul was opened June 6, 1942 with Charles W. Thayer as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim.
3	Cornelius Van Hemert Engert – Career FSO	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	May 2, 1942	July 2, 1942	Left post August 17, 1945
4	Ely Palmer – Career FSO	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	February 9, 1945	December 6, 1945	Promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	During Palmer’s tenure as envoy, the Legation was elevated to Embassy status on June 5, 1948, when Palmer presented his credentials to the Afghan government.
4	Ely Palmer – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	May 6, 1948	June 5, 1948	Left post November 18, 1948
5	Louis G. Dreyfus, Jr. – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	April 21, 1949	August 16, 1949	Left post January 19, 1951
6	George Robert Merrell – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	April 19, 1951	June 28, 1951	Left post May 3, 1952
7	Angus I. Ward – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	June 27, 1952	November 8, 1952	Left post March 3, 1956
8	Sheldon T. Mills – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	March 28, 1956	May 6, 1956	Left post February 3, 1959
9	Henry A. Byroade – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	January 29, 1959	March 21, 1959	Left post January 19, 1962
10	John M. Steeves – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	February 7, 1962	March 20, 1962	Left post July 21, 1966
11	Robert G. Neumann – Political appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	November 3, 1966	February 19, 1967	Left post September 10, 1973
12	Theodore L. Eliot, Jr. – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	September 20, 1973	November 21, 1973	Left post June 14, 1978
13	Adolph Dubs – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	June 27, 1978	July 12, 1978	Assassinated at post February 14, 1979
-	J. Bruce Amstutz – Career FSO	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		February 14, 1979	February 1980
-	Hawthorne Q. Mills – Career FSO	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		February 1980	January 1982
-	Charles Franklin Dunbar – Career FSO	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		January 1982	June 1983
-	Edward Hurwitz – Career FSO	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		June 1983	March 1986
-	James Maurice Ealum	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		March 1986	September 1987
-	Jon D. Glassman	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.		September 1987	January 30, 1989
	Peter Tomsen served as Special Envoy to Afghanistan (to the Northern Alliance) 1989–1992. The U.S. embassy in Kabul closed in January 1989. The embassy reopened on January 17, 2002.
-	James F. Dobbins – Career FSO	Ambassador (in charge of reestablishing U.S. Embassy)		December 17, 2001	January 2, 2002
-	Ryan Crocker – Career FSO	Chargé d’Affaires a.i.	January 2, 2002	Unknown	April 3, 2002
14	Robert Finn – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	March 21, 2002	April 3, 2002	Left post August 1, 2004
15	Zalmay Khalilzad – Political appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	August 17, 2004	September 28, 2004	Left post June 20, 2005
16	Ronald E. Neumann – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	June 27, 2005	August 1, 2005	Left post April 10, 2007
17	William Braucher Wood – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	March 28, 2007	April 16, 2007	April 9, 2009
18	Karl Eikenberry – Political appointee	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	April 3, 2009	May 21, 2009	July 25, 2011
19	Ryan Crocker – Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	July 7, 2011	July 25, 2011	July 13, 2012
20	James B. Cunningham - Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	August 2012, Sworn in as ambassador August 12, 2012.	August 13, 2012	December 7, 2014
21	P. Michael McKinley - Career FSO	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	December 2014	January 6, 2015	December 18, 2016
-	Hugo Llorens	Career Ambassador and Special Chargé d’Affaires		December 19, 2016	November 17, 2017
22	John R. Bass	Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	September 28, 2017	December 12, 2017	January 6, 2020
-	Ross Wilson	Chargé d’Affaires	January 18, 2020		August 31, 2021
	The U.S. Embassy in Kabul transferred operations to Doha, Qatar, on August 31, 2021, following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban. Since December 31, the U.S. Interests Section at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul has served as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan.
-	Ian McCary	Chargé d’Affaires	August 31, 2021		July 31, 2022
-	Karen B. Decker	Chargé d’Affaires	August 1, 2022		Incumbent

Notes

References

^ "Afghanistan". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
^ Also accredited to Iran.
"Previous U.S. Ambassadors to Afghanistan". U.S. Embassy in Kabul. U.S. Department of State. February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
"Ryan Crocker Sworn in as New Ambassador to Afghanistan". ABC News Radio. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
"Public Schedule for July 7, 2011". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2011-07-17.
Sworn in as ambassador July 7, 2011. As of July 17, not yet acceded to post.
"Ambassador Crocker Presents Credentials". United States Department of State, U.S. Embassy Kabul. July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
"Ambassador James B. Cunningham Presents Credentials". August 13, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
"Ambassador". Embassy of the United States Kabul, Afghanistan. Retrieved 2015-06-23.
"Press Releases 2015". Embassy of the United States Kabul, Afghanistan. Retrieved 2015-06-23.
"US ambassador to Afghanistan leaving post in 'long-planned' departure". 6 January 2020.
"Chargé d'Affaires Ross Wilson". U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
Jakes, Lara (30 August 2021). "In a final blow of the 20-year war, U.S. envoys close their embassy and exit Kabul". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
U.S. Embassy in Kabul (31 August 2021). "Security Message: Suspension of Operations". Retrieved 2 April 2022.
Beitsch, Rebecca; Rai, Sarakshi (12 November 2021). "Qatar to formally represent US interests in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
Lippman, Daniel; Ward, Alexander (9 September 2021). "Top U.S. diplomat during Kabul evacuation tests positive for Covid". Politico. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
Kelemen, Michele (3 September 2021). "Blinken Will Visit Qatar, Where Diplomats Relocated To Keep Working On Afghanistan". NPR. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
"U.N. and U.S. raise concern over reports of Afghan journalist arrests". Reuters. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
Our ambassador US Embassy

United States Department of State: Background notes on Afghanistan
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

External links

Official website

v t e United States ambassadors to Afghanistan
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (1935–1948)	Hornibrook Dreyfus Thayer (chargé d'affaires) Engert Palmer
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (1948–1979)	Palmer Dreyfus Merrell Ward Tibbetts Mills Byroade Steeves Robert Neumann Eliot Dubs
Chargés d'affaires (1979–1989)	Amstutz Quinn Mills Dunbar Hurwitz Ealum Glassman
The embassy was closed from January 30, 1989, to January 17, 2002; the liaison office reopened on December 17, 2001.
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (2001–2021)	Dobbins (chargé d'affaires) Crocker (chargé d'affaires) Finn Khalilzad Ronald Neumann Wood Eikenberry Crocker Cunningham McKinley Llorens (chargé d'affaires) Bass Wilson (chargé d'affaires)
The embassy transferred operations to Qatar on August 31, 2021.
Chargés d'affaires (2021–present)	McCary Decker

v t e Ambassadors of the United States
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v t e Afghanistan–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of Afghanistan, Washington, D.C. Ambassadors of Afghanistan to the United States Embassy of the United States, Kabul Ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the United Nations Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
Diplomacy	Operation Cyclone Operation MIAS U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement U.S.–Taliban deal Six plus Three Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan Major non-NATO ally
War in Afghanistan	History Timeline Opposition 2011–2016 withdrawal 2020–2021 withdrawal Fall of Kabul (2021) CIA activities Task Force Phoenix Peace process Reconstruction Afghan frozen assets
Incidents	Adolph Dubs Operation Infinite Reach Camp Chapman attack 2011 U.S. embassy attack Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters Quran burning protests Kandahar massacre Insurgents' bodies 2013 U.S. Herat consulate attack Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri Deportation of Afghan immigrants Afghan Guantanamo Bay detainees Taliban Five
Legislation	Access for Afghan Women Act ALLIES Act Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
Related	Anti-American sentiment in Afghanistan Afghanistanism Bost Airport Kabul International Airport Herat International Airport Kandahar International Airport Kunduz Airport Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History Overthrow Retrograde
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