An ultra-prominent peak, or ultra for short, is a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) or more; it is also called a P1500. The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. There are approximately 1,524 such peaks on Earth. Some well-known peaks, such as the Matterhorn and Eiger, are not ultras because they are connected to higher mountains by high cols and thus do not achieve enough topographic prominence.
The term "ultra" originated with earth scientist Steve Fry, from his studies of the prominence of peaks in Washington in the 1980s. His original term was "ultra major mountain", referring to peaks with at least 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) of prominence.
Distribution
Currently, 1,518 ultras have been identified above sea level: 639 in Asia, 356 in North America, 209 in South America, 120 in Europe (including 12 in the Caucasus), 84 in Africa, 69 in Oceania, and 41 in Antarctica.
Many of the world's largest mountains are ultras, including Mount Everest, K2, Kanchenjunga, Kilimanjaro, Mont Blanc, and Mount Olympus. On the other hand, others such as the Eiger and the Matterhorn are not ultras. Many ultras lie in rarely visited and inhospitable parts of the world, including 39 in Greenland, the high points of the Arctic islands of Novaya Zemlya, Jan Mayen and Spitsbergen, and many of the peaks of the Greater ranges of Asia. In British Columbia, some of the mountains listed do not even have generally recognized names.
Thirteen of the fourteen 8,000-metre summits are ultras (the exception being Lhotse), and there are a further 64 ultras over 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in height. There are 90 ultras with a prominence of over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), but only 22 with more than 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) prominence.
A number of ultras have yet to be climbed, with Sauyr Zhotasy, (possibly) Mount Siple, and Gangkar Puensum being the most likely candidates for the most prominent unclimbed mountain in the world.
All of the Seven Summits are ultras by virtue of the fact that they are the high points of large landmasses. Each has its key col at or near sea level, resulting in a prominence value almost equal to its elevation.
Lists of ultras (1516)
General
- List of islands by highest point, 115 of which are ultras.
- List of mountain peaks by prominence gives the 125 most prominent peaks worldwide.
Africa (84)
Antarctica (41)
- List of ultras of Antarctica, including South Atlantic islands (41)
Asia (635)
- List of ultras of Central Asia (75)
- List of ultras of Japan (21)
- List of ultras of Northeast Asia (51)
- List of ultras of Southeast Asia (42)
- List of ultras of the Himalayas, including Sino-Nepal Provinces (76)
- List of ultras of the Karakoram and Hindu Kush (61)
- List of ultras of the Malay Archipelago (91, including 12 in Oceania [Papua])
- List of ultras of the Philippines (29)
- List of ultras of Tibet, East Asia and neighbouring areas, including India (112)
- List of ultras of West Asia (88)
Europe (120)
- List of Alpine peaks by prominence (44)
- List of European ultra-prominent peaks (76), including non-Alpine European ultras (60), the Atlantic islands (6), and the European Caucasus Mountains (10)
North America (356)
- List of ultras of North America (356)
- List of the most prominent summits of Canada (143, including 6 bordering the United States)
- List of the most prominent summits of the United States (129, including 6 in Oceania [Hawaiian Islands] and 6 bordering Canada)
- List of ultras in Alaska (65, including 4 bordering Yukon and 2 bordering British Columbia)
- List of ultras of Central America (23)
- List of ultras of Greenland (39)
- List of ultras of Mexico (27)
- List of ultras of the Caribbean (7)
Oceania (69)
- List of ultras of Oceania, including the southern Indian Ocean (69)
South America (209)
See also
References
- Rob Woodhall (18 May 2016). "Relative hills on Earth". TheRelativeHillsofBritain.
Ultra: peaks with a minimum prominence/relative height of 1500m. Steve Fry coined the term Ultra in the USA in the 1980s. His original term was 'ultra major mountain'. There are no Ultra summits in Britain. Hall of Fame entry minimum is 15.
- ^ Maizlish, A. "The Ultra-Prominences Page". Peaklist.org.
- ^ Helman, Adam (2005). The Finest Peaks: Prominence and other Mountain Measures. Trafford. ISBN 1-4120-5994-1.
- Maizlish, A. "Antarctic Ultra-Prominent Summits". Peaklist.org. (See footnotes 3 and 10.)
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