Misplaced Pages

1916 United States Senate elections

← 1914 November 7, 1916 1918 →
35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader John W. Kern (lost re-election) Jacob H. Gallinger Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1911 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Indiana New Hampshire Seats before 56 40 Seats won 17 18 Seats after 54 42 Seat change 2 2 Seats up 19 16
Clickable imagemap for the 1916 US Senate elections Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      No election
Majority conference chairman before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected Majority conference chairman Thomas S. Martin Democratic

The 1916 United States Senate elections were elections that coincided with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson. This was the first election since the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment that all 32 Class 1 senators were selected by direct or popular elections instead of state legislatures. Republicans gained a net of two seats from the Democrats, and then an additional two seats through mid-term vacancies thereby reducing Democrats to a 52–44 majority.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Four Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats

Nine Democrats and five Republicans sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Post-election changes

Eight Democrats and two Republicans died during the 65th Congress, and initially were all replaced by appointees except in Wisconsin. In Wisconsin, Democratic Senator Paul O. Husting died on October 21, 1917, and his seat remained vacant until an April 1918 election.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Elections results

Race summaries

Special elections during the 64th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1916 or before March 4, 1917; ordered by election date.

Elections leading to the 65th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1917; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

Closest races

Eighteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

Arizona

1916 United States Senate elections in Arizona

← 1912 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry F. Ashurst Joseph Henry Kibbey Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 29,873 21,261 Percentage 55.4% 39.4%   Nominee W. S. Bradford Party Socialist Popular vote 2,827 Percentage 5.2%

Election results by county Ashurst:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kibbey:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry F. Ashurst Democratic Elected U.S. senator Henry F. Ashurst Democratic

Arkansas (special)

1916 United States Senate special election in Arkansas

← 1914 November 7, 1916 1920 →

Nominee William F. Kirby Harmon L. Remmel Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 110,293 48,922 Percentage 69.27% 30.73%

County results Kirby:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Remmel:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election James Paul Clarke Democratic Elected U.S. senator William F. Kirby Democratic

Three-term Democratic Senate President pro tempore James Paul Clarke died October 1, 1916.

Democrat William F. Kirby was elected November 7, 1916, to finish the term. He served only the rest of this term, losing renomination in 1920.

California

1916 United States Senate election in California

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Hiram Johnson George S. Patton Walter Thomas Mills Party Republican Democratic Socialist Alliance Progressive Popular vote 574,667 277,852 49,341 Percentage 61.09% 29.54% 5.25%

County results Johnson:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80% Patton:      40-50%      50-60%

U.S. senator before election John Downey Works Republican Elected U.S. Senator Hiram Johnson Republican

Connecticut

1916 United States Senate election in Connecticut

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee George P. McLean Homer Stille Cummings Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 107,020 98,649 Percentage 50.17% 46.24%

County results Municipality resultsMcLean:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90% Cummings:      40–50%      50–60%      60-70%

U.S. senator before election George P. McLean Republican Elected U.S. Senator George P. McLean Republican

Delaware

1916 United States Senate election in Delaware

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Josiah O. Wolcott Henry A. du Pont Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 25,434 22,925 Percentage 49.67% 44.77%

County results Wolcott:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry A. du Pont Republican Elected U.S. Senator Josiah O. Wolcott Democratic

Florida

1916 United States Senate election in Florida

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Park Trammell William R. O'Neal Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 58,391 8,774 Percentage 82.86% 12.45%

County results Trammell:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election Nathan Philemon Bryan Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Park Trammell Democratic

Indiana

There were two elections held November 7, 1916, due to a vacancy. The elections converted both seats from Democratic to Republican, thus marking the first time since the popular-election of Senators was mandated by the Seventeenth Amendment three years earlier that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.

Indiana (special)

1916 United States Senate special election in Indiana

← 1914 November 7, 1916 1920 →

Nominee James Eli Watson Thomas Taggart Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 335,193 325,577 Percentage 47.66% 46.29%

County results Watson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Taggart:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Thomas Taggart Democratic Elected U.S. senator James Eli Watson Republican

Two-term Democrat Benjamin F. Shively was re-elected in 1914 and served until he died March 14, 1916. Democrat Thomas Taggart was appointed by Governor Samuel Ralston on March 20 to continue the term until a November 7, 1916, special election. Taggart lost the special election to Republican James Eli Watson.

Watson would finish out the term, be re-elected twice, and serve until his 1932 re-election loss.

Indiana (regular)

1916 United States Senate election in Indiana

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Harry New John W. Kern Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 337,089 325,588 Percentage 47.77% 46.14%

County results New:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kern:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John W. Kern Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Harry New Republican

One-term Democrat John W. Kern was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Harry Stewart New.

New served only until losing renomination in 1922. Kern died on August 17, 1917, the same year he left the U.S. Senate.

Maine

There were two elections due to a vacancy. Both elections were held September 11, 1916, as Maine routinely held its annual elections in September at the time.

Maine (special)

1916 United States Senate special election in Maine

← 1913 September 11, 1916 1918 →

Nominee Bert M. Fernald Kenneth C. Sills Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 81,369 68,201 Percentage 54.27% 45.49%

County results Fernald:      50–60%      60–70% Sillis:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Edwin C. Burleigh Republican Elected U.S. senator Bert M. Fernald Republican

One-term Republican Edwin C. Burleigh was elected in 1913, and died June 16, 1916. Republican Bert M. Fernald was elected September 12, 1916, to finish the term.

Fernand would later be re-elected twice and serve until his 1926 death.

Maine (regular)

1916 United States Senate election in Maine

← 1911 September 11, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Frederick Hale Charles F. Johnson Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 79,481 69,486 Percentage 52.72% 46.09%

County results Hale:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Johnson:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Charles F. Johnson Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Frederick Hale Republican

One-term Democrat Charles Fletcher Johnson was elected in 1911. He lost re-election to Republican Frederick Hale.

Hale would later be re-elected three times and serve until his 1935 retirement.

Maryland

1916 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1913 (special) November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Joseph I. France David John Lewis Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 113,662 109,740 Percentage 49.32% 47.62%

County results France:      40–50%      50–60% Lewis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Blair Lee I Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Joseph I. France Republican

1916 U.S. Senate election in Maryland

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Joseph I. France	113,662	49.32%	12.34
	Democratic	David John Lewis	109,740	47.62%	9.13
	Prohibition	James W. Frizzell	3,325	1.44%	0.23
	Socialist	Sylvester L. Young	2,590	1.12%	0.29
	Labor	Robert E. Long	1,143	0.50%	N/A
Total votes			230,460	100.00%

Massachusetts

1916 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry Cabot Lodge John F. Fitzgerald Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 267,177 234,238 Percentage 51.68% 45.31%

County results Lodge:      50–60%      60–70% Fitzgerald:      50–60%

Senator before election Henry Cabot Lodge Republican Elected Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Republican

Michigan

1916 United States Senate election in Michigan

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Charles E. Townsend Lawrence Price Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 364,657 257,954 Percentage 56.34% 39.85%

County results Townsend:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Price:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Charles E. Townsend Republican Elected U.S. Senator Charles E. Townsend Republican

Minnesota

1916 United States Senate election in Minnesota

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Frank B. Kellogg Daniel W. Lawler Willis G. Calderwood Party Republican Democratic Prohibition Popular vote 185,159 117,541 78,425 Percentage 48.58% 30.84% 20.58%

County results Kellogg:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Lawler:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Moses E. Clapp Republican Elected U.S. Senator Frank B. Kellogg Republican

Mississippi

1916 United States Senate election in Mississippi

← 1912 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee John Sharp Williams Party Democratic Popular vote 74,290 Percentage 100%

Results by county Williams:      100% No Data/Vote:

U.S. senator before election John Sharp Williams Democratic Elected U.S. senator John Sharp Williams Democratic

Missouri

1916 United States Senate election in Missouri

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee James A. Reed Walter S. Dickey Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 396,166 371,710 Percentage 50.56% 47.44%

Results by county Reed:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Dickey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election James A. Reed Democratic Elected U.S. Senator James A. Reed Democratic

Montana

1916 United States Senate election in Montana

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Henry L. Myers Charles N. Pray Henry La Beau Party Democratic Republican Socialist Popular vote 85,585 72,753 9,292 Percentage 51.06% 43.40% 5.54%

Results by county Myers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Pray:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry L. Myers Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Henry L. Myers Democratic

Nebraska

1916 United States Senate election in Nebraska

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Gilbert Hitchcock John L. Kennedy Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 143,082 131,359 Percentage 49.98% 45.88%

County results Hitchcock:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Kennedy:      40–50%      50–60% Tie:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic

Nevada

1916 United States Senate election in Nevada

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Key Pittman Samuel Platt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 12,765 10,618 Percentage 38.81% 32.28%   Nominee Ashley Grant Miller Party Socialist Popular vote 9,507 Percentage 28.91%

County results Pittman:      30–40%      40–50% Platt:      30–40%      40–50% Miller:      30–40%      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Key Pittman Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Key Pittman Democratic

New Jersey

1916 United States Senate election in New Jersey

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. James E. Martine Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 244,715 170,019 Percentage 55.99% 38.90%

County results Martine:      40–50%      50–60% Frelinghuysen:      50–60%      60–70%

Senator before election James E. Martine Democratic Elected Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Sr. Republican

New Mexico

1916 United States Senate election in New Mexico

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Andrieus A. Jones Frank A. Hubbell Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 33,981 30,609 Percentage 51.01% 45.95%

County results Jones:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Hubbell:      40–50%      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Thomas B. Catron Republican Elected U.S. Senator Andrieus A. Jones Democratic

New York

1916 United States Senate election in New York

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee William M. Calder William F. McCombs Party Republican Democratic Alliance American Popular vote 839,314 605,933 Percentage 54.32% 39.22%

County results Calder:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70% Patton:      40-50%      50-60%

Senator before election James O'Gorman Democratic Elected Senator William M. Calder Republican

North Dakota

1916 United States Senate election in North Dakota

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Porter J. McCumber John Burke Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 57,714 40,988 Percentage 53.85% 38.24%   Nominee E. R. Fry Party Socialist Popular vote 8,472 Percentage 7.91%

County results McCumber:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Burke:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election Porter J. McCumber Republican Elected U.S. Senator Porter J. McCumber Republican

Ohio

1916 United States Senate election in Ohio

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Atlee Pomerene Myron Herrick Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 571,488 535,391 Percentage 49.26% 46.15%

County results Pomerene:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Herrick:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Atlee Pomerene Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Atlee Pomerene Democratic

Pennsylvania

1916 United States Senate elections in Pennsylvania

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Philander C. Knox Ellis L. Orvis Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 680,451 450,112 Percentage 56.3% 37.3%

County results Knox:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Orvis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election George T. Oliver Republican Elected U.S. Senator Philander C. Knox Republican

Rhode Island

1916 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Peter G. Gerry Henry F. Lippitt Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 47,048 39,211 Percentage 52.94% 34.12%

County results Gerry:      50–60% Lippitt:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Henry F. Lippitt Republican Elected U.S. Senator Peter G. Gerry Democratic

Tennessee

1916 United States Senate election in Tennessee

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Kenneth McKellar Ben W. Hooper Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 143,718 118,174 Percentage 54.42% 44.75%

County results McKellar:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Hooper:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election Luke Lea Democratic Elected U.S. senator Kenneth McKellar Democratic

Texas

Incumbent Democrat Charles Culberson survived a challenge from former Governor Oscar Colquitt in the Democratic primary, then easily won the general election.

1916 United States Senate election in Texas

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Charles Culberson Alex W. Atcheson Thomas A. Hickey Party Democratic Republican Socialist Popular vote 303,035 48,788 18,616 Percentage 81.30% 13.09% 4.99%

County Results Culberson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Atcheson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      80–90% No vote:

U.S. senator before election Charles Culberson Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Charles Culberson Democratic

Utah

1916 United States Senate election in Utah

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee William H. King George Sutherland Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 81,057 56,862 Percentage 56.92% 39.93%

County results King:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Sutherland:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election George Sutherland Republican Elected U.S. Senator William H. King Democratic

Vermont

1916 United States Senate election in Vermont

← 1910 November 7, 1916 (1916-11-07) 1922 →

Nominee Carroll S. Page Oscar C. Miller Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 47,362 14,956 Percentage 74.4% 23.5%

County results Municipality results Page:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%      90-100% Miller:      50-60%

U.S. senator before election Carroll S. Page Republican Elected U.S. Senator Carroll S. Page Republican

The 1916 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 7, 1916. It was the second direct election for the U.S. Senate to take place in Vermont following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the first for Vermont's Class I seat. The incumbent, Republican Carroll S. Page successfully ran for re-election to a second full term.

In the primary election, which was held on September 11, Page gained re-nomination by winning 62 percent of the vote to defeat former governor Allen M. Fletcher (20.3) and current governor Charles W. Gates (17.7).

With the Republican Party dominant in Vermont, as it had been since its founding in the 1850s, Democratic candidate Oscar C. Miller was little more than a token opponent for Page. In the general election, Page defeated Miller 74.4 percent to 23.5.

Virginia

1916 United States Senate election in Virginia

← 1912 (special) November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Claude A. Swanson Party Democratic Popular vote 133,061 Percentage 100.0%

U.S. senator before election Claude A. Swanson Democratic Elected U.S. senator Claude A. Swanson Democratic

Washington

1916 United States Senate election in Washington

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Miles Poindexter George Turner Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 202,287 135,339 Percentage 55.4% 37.1%   Nominee Bruce Rogers Party Socialist Popular vote 21,709 Percentage 6.0%

County results Poindexter:      40–50%      50–60%     60–70% Turner:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Miles Poindexter Republican Elected U.S. senator Miles Poindexter Republican

West Virginia

1916 United States Senate election in West Virginia

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Howard Sutherland William E. Chilton Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 144,243 138,585 Percentage 50.1% 48.2%

County results Sutherland:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Chilton:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election William E. Chilton Democratic Elected U.S. senator Howard Sutherland Republican

Wisconsin

1916 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee Robert M. La Follette William F. Wolfe Richard Elsner Party Republican Democratic Socialist Popular vote 249,906 134,611 28,908 Percentage 59.23% 31.90% 6.85%

County results La Follette:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Wolfe:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Robert M. La Follette Republican Elected U.S. Senator Robert M. La Follette Republican

Wyoming

1916 United States Senate election in Wyoming

← 1911 November 7, 1916 1922 →

Nominee John B. Kendrick Clarence D. Clark Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 26,324 23,258 Percentage 51.5% 45.5%

County results Kendrick:      40–50%      50–60% Clark:      40–50%      50–60%      70–80% No Data/Vote:

U.S. senator before election Clarence D. Clark Republican Elected U.S. senator John B. Kendrick Democratic

See also

• 1916 United States elections
  • 1916 United States House of Representatives elections
• 64th United States Congress
• 65th United States Congress

Notes

1. September 11, 1916 in Maine
2. as Democratic Conference Chairman
3. as Republican Conference Chairman
4. Appointee defeated
5. Nevada was the "tipping-point state".

References

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69. ^ "Vote for U.S. Senator". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. January 4, 1917. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
70. "State Primary Official Vote". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. September 19, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
71. Hand, Samuel B (Fall 1980). "The Mechanisms of Control: The Mountain Rule" (PDF). Vermont History. Vermont Historical Society: Montpelier, VT. p. 198 – via Newspapers.com.

• "United States Senate" – via Senate.gov.