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Marvel Cinematic Universe television series
Genre	Superhero
Based on	Characters published by Marvel Comics
Starring	Marvel Television series actors Marvel Studios series actors
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
No. of seasons	Marvel Television: 29 (across 12 series) Marvel Studios: 14 (across 11 series)
No. of episodes	Marvel Television: 386 Marvel Studios: 93
Production
Executive producers	Marvel Television: Alan Fine Stan Lee Joe Quesada Jim Chory Jeph Loeb Marvel Studios: Kevin Feige Louis D'Esposito Victoria Alonso Brad Winderbaum
Production companies	Marvel Television Marvel Studios
Original release
Network	Marvel Television: ABC Netflix Hulu Freeform
Release	September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24) – October 16, 2020 (2020-10-16)
Network	Marvel Studios: Disney+ Hulu (Echo)
Release	January 15, 2021 (2021-01-15) – present
Related
Marvel Studios Special Presentations

The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series are American superhero television shows produced by Marvel Television and Marvel Studios, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. The series are set in, or inspired by, the shared universe of the MCU film franchise.

The MCU first expanded to television after Marvel Television was formed in 2010, with that studio producing 12 series with ABC Studios and its production division ABC Signature Studios from September 2013 to October 2020. These premiered across broadcast, streaming, and cable respectively on ABC, Netflix and Hulu, and Freeform. The main ABC series were inspired by the films and featured film characters, while a connected group of series for Netflix crossed over with each other. Young adult focused series were produced for Freeform and Hulu. The latter also had a group of series called "Adventure into Fear" planned before Marvel Television was shut down in December 2019.

Marvel Studios, the production studio behind the films, began developing their own series in 2018 for the streaming service Disney+. Some series are focused on supporting characters from the films while others center on new characters that later appear in films. The Marvel Studios series have much larger budgets than the Marvel Television series and interconnect with the films in a way that the Marvel Television series did not. Marvel Studios also began producing animated series under its Marvel Studios Animation division. Several actors from the Marvel Television series have reprised their roles for Marvel Studios productions since Marvel Television was shut down.

Eight series and two television specials were released by Marvel Studios as part of their Phase Four slate. Six new series and three continuing seasons are expected in Phase Five, and at least four series are expected in Phase Six. Additionally, at least one new series and two continuing seasons are in development for the future. Television specials are released under the "Marvel Studios Special Presentation" banner. In 2024, Marvel Studios began releasing its series under several different banners as well: "Marvel Television", not to be confused with the earlier company; "Marvel Animation", for animated series; and "Marvel Spotlight", which focuses on character-driven stories with less impact on the larger MCU narrative.

Development

Launch of Marvel Television

In June 2010, Marvel Television was launched with Jeph Loeb as head. The studio began producing television series inspired by the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film franchise, and was made aware of Marvel Studios' plans to avoid interfering when introducing someone or something to the universe. In August 2015, Marvel Studios was integrated into Walt Disney Studios with President Kevin Feige reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn instead of Marvel Entertainment CEO Isaac Perlmutter, while Marvel Television remained under Perlmutter's control. This was seen as widening the existing divide between the Marvel film and television divisions, and making it unlikely that the films would acknowledge the series' events and characters. By that point, the only series that had significant involvement from Marvel Studios was Agent Carter.

Transition to Marvel Studios

By September 2018, Marvel Studios was developing several limited series for Disney's new streaming service Disney+, to be centered on "second tier" characters from the MCU films who had not and were unlikely to star in their own films; the actors who portrayed the characters in the films were expected to reprise their roles for the series. Feige was taking a "hands-on role" in each series' development, focusing on "continuity of story" with the films and "handling" the returning actors. The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (2022), a television special, was the first project Marvel Studios began planning for Disney+. Loeb said Marvel Television would continue to develop new MCU series, including their own Disney+ series. In March 2019, Feige said the Marvel Studios series would take characters from the films, change them, and see those changes reflected in future films; new characters introduced in the series could also go on to appear in films. By September 2019, many of Marvel Television's existing series were canceled or ending, and several developing projects did not move forward. Variety reported that Marvel Television was likely being phased out in favor of the new Marvel Studios series, which had access to well-known MCU characters. The new series also had reported budgets of $100–150 million each, much larger than those of the Marvel Television series. Disney gave Marvel Studios an initial mandate to create as much content as it could, as quickly as it could, to bolster the new streaming service. Feige was named the chief creative officer of Marvel Entertainment in October 2019. Marvel Television moved under Marvel Studios and its executives began reporting to Feige. Loeb was expected to leave Marvel by the end of the year.

In December, Feige referred to the Marvel Studios series as "a new type of cinematic that we haven't done before", going on to say, "for the first time ... the MCU will be on your TV screen at home on Disney+ and interconnect with the movies and go back and forth". The next day, Marvel Television announced that it would complete work on its existing television series but would stop developing new projects. The division was set to shut down, with several executives moving to Marvel Studios to oversee the completion of existing series including executive producer Karim Zreik. Other staff were laid off, while Loeb was set to remain with the company until the handover was completed. Zreik left his role as the senior vice president of original programming and production for Marvel Television Studios in June 2020 to become the head of television for Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, whose projects included several Marvel-based series for Sony Pictures Television that were intended to connect to the superhero films of Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU). After the shut down of Marvel Television, ABC executives said they remained committed to featuring Marvel content. In January 2020, ABC Entertainment president Karey Burke said talks were beginning with Feige and Marvel Studios about what a Marvel Studios series on ABC would be, but she noted that Marvel's focus at that time was on the Disney+ series. Television specials from Marvel Studios are marketed as "Marvel Studios Special Presentations".

Marvel Studios formed several production partnerships in 2021: in February, Ryan Coogler's production company Proximity Media was set to work with the studio on new Disney+ series as part of a deal with Walt Disney Television; that May, WandaVision head writer Jac Schaeffer signed a three-year deal with Marvel Studios and 20th Television to develop Disney+ series; and in December, Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021) director Destin Daniel Cretton signed a multi-year deal with Marvel Studios to develop television projects for Disney+. In February 2023, Disney CEO Bob Iger said the company was re-evaluating the volume of content it output as a way to cut costs over the next few years. Shortly after, when reflecting on the amount of Disney+ content released for the MCU's Phase Four in a short time frame, Feige anticipated that Marvel Studios would look to space out the releases of the Phase Five and Six Disney+ series so each one could "get a chance to shine". This shift in philosophy necessitated Marvel Studios to delay some previously announced series to spread out their release dates. In May 2024, Iger said Disney planned to release two Marvel series a year moving forward, down from around four series being released a year, as part of the company's larger strategy to reduce its content output and focus on quality. He said some upcoming series, including Agatha All Along, were "a vestige" of Disney's previous desire to increase Marvel's content output. Disney+ announced in October 2024 that six Marvel series would be released in 2025, three live-action and three animated, and Feige explained that many of these had been in development for a long time and were ready to be released. He expected the studio to begin releasing three series per year after 2025.

Animation and other banners

In June 2021, Marvel Studios executive Victoria Alonso said the studio's expansion to animation with the series What If...? was an opportunity to make the MCU more diverse, and the medium of animation allowed Marvel Studios to work with new companies around the world. Marvel Studios was creating an animation division, eventually named Marvel Studios Animation, to focus on animated content beyond What If...?. They were building infrastructure to handle a slate of Disney+ animated series and looking to hire around 300 new staff for production roles. What If...? director Bryan Andrews said each additional animated series would exist on its own terms and explore different elements of the MCU. Head of streaming Brad Winderbaum said the studio would only tell stories that they felt needed to be told in animated form, and Marvel Studios was open to working with corporate siblings Pixar Animation and Walt Disney Animation under the right circumstances. During Marvel Studios Animation's panel at the 2022 San Diego Comic-Con, the slate of animated series were described as the "Marvel Animated Multiverse". Winderbaum said the MCU's Multiverse Saga and its exploration of the multiverse allowed the studio to look at alternate versions of MCU characters and this had become their "guiding light" for animated projects. This includes X-Men '97, a revival and continuation of the 1990s series X-Men: The Animated Series, which Winderbaum said has the potential to connect to the MCU through the multiverse.

In November 2023, Marvel Studios announced their "Marvel Spotlight" banner for select series that focus on more grounded, character-driven stories and are less about impacting the larger MCU narrative. Winderbaum said the banner was created during post-production on Echo (2024) as a way to indicate to audiences that they did not need to watch any other MCU projects to understand the series. The banner was inspired by the Marvel Spotlight anthology comics from 1971 to 1981 and features a new opening logo with a musical fanfare composed by Michael Giacchino. The first series under the banner is Echo, which was also the first Marvel Studios series to be simultaneously released on Hulu along with Disney+ when it was released in January 2024. When X-Men '97 debuted that March, it did so under a new "Marvel Animation" banner separate from the Marvel Animation subsidiary. In May, Marvel Studios revealed that its live-action Disney+ series would be released under a new "Marvel Television" banner, separate from the previous company of the same name, starting with Agatha All Along later in 2024. Winderbaum explained that Marvel Studios was now using the "Marvel Television", "Marvel Animation", and "Marvel Spotlight" banners to indicate to audiences that they did not have to watch all of the studio's projects to understand the overall story and could choose which storylines and characters under these banners to follow.

Marvel Television series

ABC series

The first television series that Marvel Television developed to be part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe was Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.; it was ordered to pilot by ABC in August 2012. In January 2014, the series Agent Carter was announced; it was canceled in May 2016. That November, Marvel and IMAX Corporation announced Inhumans, based on the species of the same name, after a planned film starring the characters was removed from Marvel Studios' slate. ABC canceled the series in May 2018. In July 2019, the seventh season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. was announced to be its last. Loeb explained a month later that Marvel categorized its ABC series as the "Marvel Heroes" series due to their close connections to the MCU films, especially with the main characters of both Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Agent Carter having originated in films.

Netflix series

By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. Disney announced the next month that it would provide Netflix with live-action series based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading to a crossover miniseries based on the Defenders. In April 2016, Marvel and Netflix ordered The Punisher as a spin-off from Daredevil. Netflix had canceled all of the series by the end of February 2019; the characters could not appear in any non-Netflix series or films for at least two years following the cancellations. Loeb said in August 2019 that Marvel Television categorized the Netflix series internally as the "Marvel Street-Level Heroes" or "Marvel Knights". All series were no longer available on Netflix starting March 1, 2022, due to Netflix's license for the series ending and Disney regaining the rights. They all began streaming on Disney+ from March 16, 2022, where they were collected under the title "The Defenders Saga".

Young adult series

At San Diego Comic-Con 2011, Loeb announced a series based on the Marvel Comics characters Cloak and Dagger was in development; Freeform ordered the project to series in April 2016. That August, Hulu ordered a new series based on the comics group the Runaways. Marvel initially said there were no plans to crossover these series, but Cloak and Dagger were announced to be appearing in the third season of Runaways in August 2019. Loeb explained that Marvel categorized Runaways and Cloak & Dagger as its "YA", or "young adult", franchise, and said Marvel Television's push into the young adult genre was in response to Marvel Studios doing the same with Spider-Man. Loeb hoped there would be further crossovers between the two series, but Cloak and Dagger was canceled in October 2019, followed by Runaways that November.

Adventure into Fear

Hulu ordered two series based on Ghost Rider and the siblings Daimon and Ana Helstrom in May 2019, intending to build an interconnected universe in a similar fashion to Marvel's Netflix shows. Marvel announced the series as the cornerstone of the "Spirits of Vengeance", and Loeb said they were moving into a new, "chilling" corner of the Marvel Universe. Loeb revealed in August that Marvel was now referring to these series collectively as "Adventure into Fear", and said more series under the banner were in development. A month later, Hulu decided not to move forward with Ghost Rider due to creative differences. When Marvel Television was folded into Marvel Studios in December, the studio said production on Helstrom would be completed but no further series would be developed. Upon Helstrom's release in October 2020, showrunner Paul Zbyszewski said the series was "our own separate thing" and not part of the MCU, having been "siloed off" in part because of its darker themes. Zbyszewski called it "freeing" to not be part of the MCU. He also said there were Easter eggs in the series that hinted towards the planned Adventure into Fear universe. Unlike Marvel Television's other series, each episode of Helstrom does not begin with the Marvel logo. The series was canceled in December 2020.

Crossovers to feature films

Under Marvel Television

After Loeb we'll run it through New York, Joe Quesada, Dan Buckley, and those guys. pitch our stuff to Kevin Feige and his movie group to see if there's something we can tie into, to see if they're okay about us using a character, or a weapon or some other cool thing. Everything is interconnected.

Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. executive producer Jeffrey Bell revealed at the show's 2014 PaleyFest panel that the producers and writers were able to read the screenplays for upcoming MCU films to know where the universe was headed. He noted that since the films have to be "big" and move "quickly through a lot of huge pieces", it was beneficial to have the television series fill in any "gaps" for them. His fellow executive producer Jed Whedon explained that each Marvel project is intended to stand alone first before there is any interweaving, and noted that the series have to be aware of Marvel Studios' plans so as not to interfere when introducing someone or something to the universe. Bell said this was preferable so that people who do not watch the films could still follow the series, and vice versa. Joss Whedon said this meant the television series got the "leftovers".

In October 2014, Feige said there was potential for characters from the Netflix series to appear in the then-planned crossover film Avengers: Infinity War (2018). In March 2015, Loeb said Marvel Television would have to earn the ability to have the Netflix series cross over with the films and ABC series, feeling that each series had to be established and defined on its own before crossovers could occur. In September 2015, Feige elaborated on the films referencing the television series, saying it was inevitable but the timing would be difficult because, though the series' production schedules allowed them to be made faster and align with the films, the long development period for the films made it difficult to reference a series' events.

Loeb reiterated in July 2016 the issue of scheduling, questioning how a television series actor could have a major role in a film when they had to spend six or eight months filming the series. He said this would be less of an issue for minor cameo appearances, but Marvel was not interested in cameos and Easter eggs just for the sake of fan service which could detract from the story. He added, "Our feeling is that the connection isn't just whether or not somebody is walking into a movie or walking out of a television show. It's connected in the way that the shows come from the same place, that they are real, that they are grounded." Eric Carroll, producer on the film Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), felt it would be fun to mention the Manhattan-based Defenders following the introduction of Spider-Man, who lives in Queens, to the MCU. In January 2017, Vincent D'Onofrio, who portrays Wilson Fisk / Kingpin in Daredevil, said he was open to appearing in the films, but believed it would most likely not happen. D'Onofrio cited Feige's previous reasoning as well as the fact that the films already had difficulty handling the large number of characters they had. In March 2017, Anthony Mackie, who portrays Sam Wilson / Falcon in the films, felt a crossover between the films and television series "wouldn't work at all" given they are "different universes, different worlds, different companies, different designs" and that "Kevin Feige is very specific about how he wants the Marvel Universe to be seen in the film world". That May, Feige noted that a character appearing in a television series would not necessarily exclude them from appearing in a film, adding that "at some point, there's going to be a crossover. Crossover, repetition, or something." Regarding the potential for the Avengers to learn in the films that Phil Coulson, who died in The Avengers (2012), is alive in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., Loeb stated that this was "certainly something that will get resolved, and it may get resolved in a very surprising way."

Loeb said in July 2017 that Marvel Television had no plans for series to cross over across networks. Specifically, for the similarly themed Cloak & Dagger, New Warriors, and Runaways, which all deal with young heroes, Loeb noted, "You'll see things that comment on each other; we try to touch base wherever we can... things that are happening in L.A. are not exactly going to be affecting what's happening in New Orleans ... It's being aware of it and trying to find a way for it to be able to discuss in a way that makes sense." He added in October that the scheduling of each series factors into why crossovers between them are more difficult to pull off, and that network "feelings" need to be considered. He also spoke on why the television series do not show Avengers Tower as it appears in the films when they depict New York City and stated that Marvel Television wanted to be "less specific" about the television characters' relationships to the tower because that "helps the audience understand that this could be on any street corner" and that the characters could be in an area of the city where you would not be able to see the tower, even though it exists. In June 2018, speaking to how the MCU television series would be affected by the events of Infinity War, Loeb noted that "For the most part our stories will take place before Thanos clicked his fingers. A lot of that has to do with production and when we are telling our stories versus when the movies come out." When Avengers: Endgame was released in April 2019, actor James D'Arcy was revealed to be reprising his role of Edwin Jarvis from the television series Agent Carter. This marked the first time a character introduced in an MCU television series appears in an MCU film. Marvel Studios' executive Brad Winderbaum acknowledged that during the development of Infinity War and Endgame, the two companies were in communication with each other and Marvel Television series included easily integrated references to the films, but to try and include references to the television series in those two films "was just too much for us to wrap our minds around at the time".

Speaking about how the Marvel Television series fit within the larger MCU timeline in May 2019, Loeb said, "We don't want to ever do something in our show which contradicts what's happening in the movies. The movies are the lead dog. They're setting the timeline for the MCU and what's going on. Our job is to navigate within that world." The Roxxon Corporation, which had been featured in the Iron Man films, is referenced in multiple Marvel Television series. Adam Barnhardt of ComicBook.com called it "the go-to Easter egg for most shows involved in the Marvel Television sphere".

Under Marvel Studios

In March 2021, the Darkhold appeared in WandaVision with a different design from the one seen in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Runaways. While WandaVision's head writer, Jac Schaeffer, said there were no "big conversations" among the writers regarding its appearance in the Marvel Television series, director Matt Shakman said that he believed it was the same one seen in those series despite the new design. The new Darkhold was designed by the Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022) props team, since it appears and has more screentime in that film. The film also showed that multiple copies of the Darkhold exist.

Following the introduction of the multiverse to the MCU in the first-season finale of the Disney+ series Loki, Jack Shephard of Total Film suggested that Marvel Studios announce that the Marvel Television series take place on a different timeline within that multiverse since he felt the studio was not taking the events of those series into account as part of the main timeline. In December 2021, Feige confirmed that Charlie Cox would reprise his role as Daredevil in future Marvel Studios productions, and Cox first reprised the role in the film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). Additionally, D'Onofrio first reprised his role as Kingpin in the Disney+ series Hawkeye (2021), and stated that he was playing the same character from Daredevil. Inhumans star Anson Mount portrayed a version of his character Blackagar Boltagon / Black Bolt from an alternate universe in Multiverse of Madness. Following Cox's appearance on She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022), Marvel.com described the character as "very much the same Matt Murdock audiences have come to know and love".

With the release of The Marvel Cinematic Universe: An Official Timeline in October 2023, Feige wrote in its foreword that Marvel Studios only considered, at that time, projects developed by them in their first four phases as part of their "Sacred Timeline", but acknowledged the history of other Marvel films and television series that would exist in the larger multiverse given they were "canonical to Marvel"; Marvel Television's series were not included as part of the timeline. In January 2024, Winderbaum acknowledged that Marvel Studios had previously been "a little bit cagey" about what was part of their Sacred Timeline, noting how there had been a corporate divide between what Marvel Studios created and what Marvel Television created. He continued that as time has passed, Marvel Studios has begun to see "how well integrated the stories are" and personally felt "confident" in saying the Netflix Daredevil series was part of the Sacred Timeline. Marvel Studios began looking at the Netflix series as a more integral part to the MCU once Daredevil: Born Again underwent a creative overhaul in September 2023. Footage from Daredevil was used in promotional material for Echo. James Whitbrook at Gizmodo felt this was "vindication" for Daredevil, but also "empty vindication". He questioned if Marvel Studios' seal of approval was necessary and whether these steps revealed anything new that could not have already been inferred from the appearances of Netflix characters in Marvel Studios projects. Shortly after, to coincide with Echo's release, all of the Netflix series were added to the MCU Disney+ timeline, primarily alongside the MCU's Phase Two content. When told that Echo had some slight discrepancies with Kingpin's backstory as shown in Daredevil, D'Onofrio felt that everyone involved moving forward had to be "very savvy" with the characters, explaining that some things would change slightly to keep the stories interesting, and that approaching the characters tonally from what came before was most important. In August 2024, Winderbaum was asked about Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s place in the franchise. He praised the series' connections to the films and acknowledged that Marvel Studios could consider it part of the Multiverse Saga but he was unwilling to confirm that at the time.

Marvel Studios series

All Marvel Studios series are being released on Disney+ unless otherwise noted and exist alongside the films of their respective phase. Animated series are produced by Marvel Studios Animation. Beginning with Agatha All Along, live-action series are released under Marvel Studios' Marvel Television banner.

Phase Four

Two Marvel Studios Special Presentation television specials are also included in Phase Four.

Phase Five

Phase Six

Future

At any given time, Marvel Studios has future television series planned five-to-six years out from what they have announced. By December 2020, after announcing series through the end of 2022, future series were planned through 2028. By February 2023, Marvel Studios was taking a slower developmental timeline for future series, such as the planned Nova series, amid Disney's larger decision to scale back content output and costs. By July 2024, Marvel Studios had ideas for their projects through 2029 though Feige noted that these could change as needed.

Untitled Wakanda series

In February 2021, a drama series set in Wakanda was revealed to be in development from Ryan Coogler, writer and director of Black Panther (2018) and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022), through his company Proximity Media. By that May, Danai Gurira had signed a deal to reprise her role as Okoye, the head of the Dora Milaje, in the series, which was said to be an origin spin-off for the character. In January 2023, Gurira confirmed there had been discussions surrounding an Okoye-led series.

Untitled Nova series

In March 2022, a project featuring the character Richard Rider / Nova was revealed to be in development, with Sabir Pirzada writing. This was being developed as a space-centered series. Marvel Studios was taking a slower developmental timeline for the series by February 2023 amid Disney's larger decision to scale back content output and costs. In July 2024, Feige confirmed the series would feature Rider and anticipated that it would be released three or four years later. That December, Ed Bernero was hired as writer and showrunner.

Daredevil: Born Again season 2

The first season of Daredevil: Born Again is scheduled to premiere in March 2025. Daredevil: Born Again was announced at the 2022 San Diego Comic-Con in July as having an 18-episode first season. Ahead of filming restarting in January 2024 following the series creative overhaul, Born Again was reported to have a lower episode count than the 18 episodes originally announced, though it was also reported to be "one big 18-episode limited series" with nine-episode halves that were not being called seasons for contractual reasons. Nine episodes were ultimately filmed, which Feige referred to as a first season in August 2024. Filming on the second season is expected to begin in 2025.

Other

A second season of Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man is in development, which was originally announced as Spider-Man: Sophomore Year. By November 2022, Coogler's Proximity Media was revealed to be developing several series set in Wakanda. Giancarlo Esposito indicated in May 2024 that he would be featured in an MCU series after being introduced as Seth Voelker / Sidewinder in Captain America: Brave New World (2025).

Series approach

Initial approach (2021–late 2023)

Feige described Marvel Studios' approach to their television series in January 2021, explaining that streaming on Disney+ gave Marvel Studios flexibility with the formats for each series. He said some were being developed as one-off miniseries that were intended to lead into feature films, though additional seasons could be added to these in the future. Other series were always intended to cover multiple seasons while still being connected to the films, such as Loki. These could have several years between the release of seasons, similar to series like Game of Thrones and Stranger Things. Feige added that each miniseries or season was intended to be around six hours of content, but this would be split in different ways depending on the story being told, such as six hour-long episodes, or nine or ten half-hour episodes. Marvel Studios intended to make each of their series an event. Many of the first series from the studio were approached with a feature film structure that gave the characters an arc across the series and felt like standalone limited series. Marvel Studios' earliest series were directed by a single person, but later series have multiple directors taking on different numbers of episodes. Feige said this happened due to a combination of logistics, the needs of each story, and the studio's "own internal learnings of making longform television". He said the studio would continue varying the number of directors on future series as needed. Following the release of the Phase Four series, Feige said Marvel Studios was open to experimenting with more episodic series rather than each series always having a larger story; he pointed to Daredevil: Born Again as a particular example where they would try this.

Marvel Studios initially used the term "head writer" instead of the traditional showrunner title, since they were approaching their television series as long films. They encouraged the series' directors to be in the writers' room and part of the creative process, much like their feature films, alongside Feige and the Marvel Studios executives assigned to each series. Junior executives were also assigned to each series, many of whom had been production managers on previous MCU films and were able to act as production leads and liaisons between head writers and Feige and the Parliament executives. This approach was confirmed by WandaVision head writer Jac Schaeffer, The Falcon and the Winter Soldier director Kari Skogland, and Loki season one director Kate Herron. Skogland described the approach as "effective and efficient", feeling that the series are too much for a single showrunner to take on. Each series had multiple writers and a writers' room that the head writer led, and they also used "created for television by" credits for the head writers. Explaining the decision-making process and hierarchy for Marvel Studios' first three series, Loki season one head writer Michael Waldron said the head writer of each series would have final say on creative decisions before filming began. At that point, the series shifted to a "more feature centric model" where the director takes on the role that a traditional showrunner might have and has the final say for creative decisions while on set and in post-production. The head writer was still present on set and during post-production for any necessary rewrites. Additional examples of directors taking more creative control on series from writers included Mohamed Diab with Moon Knight (after head writer Jeremy Slater quit) and Kat Coiro with She-Hulk: Attorney at Law, though She-Hulk head writer Jessica Gao was brought back to oversee that series' post-production, "the rare Marvel head writer" to do so. Marvel Studios relied on their executives to shepherd each series and, as with their films, heavily relied on reshoots during post-production to fix any issue with the series. The series were described as being "shot... on the fly"; an example of this was Secret Invasion, which underwent extensive reshoots after several crew members, including head writer Kyle Bradstreet and the series' production and development executive Chris Gary, were replaced during production.

Overhaul of television operations (late 2023–present)

By October 2023, Marvel Studios was planning to change their approach to television, moving away from their head writer model and instead hiring showrunners for their series. The showrunners would develop television pilots and create series bibles to have a creative throughline throughout the entire production process. The studio began to come around to this idea after Gao returned to aid She-Hulk: Attorney at Law in post-production, and after the critical and commercial failure of Secret Invasion. Winderbaum said the studio was trying to "marry the Marvel culture with the traditional television culture", and he felt this would help separate their streaming content from their theatrical films. The studio planned to hire dedicated executives to focus on television, and to create more multi-season series so audiences could form relationships with characters rather than the series just being set up for big crossover events. These changes allowed the studio to develop more content than they would actually produce, in line with how a "traditional" studio works, and would only move forward with future series when they were confident in its pilot and bible. Winderbaum said they had started this development approach in 2022. Sam Barsanti from The A.V. Club discussed this philosophy change, saying it could be that Marvel Studios was "recognizing its faults and acknowledging that its attempt to turn its Disney+ shows into stretched-out movies was a failure", and he felt it was good for the studio to rethink its approach following recent failures, but he also noted that WandaVision and She-Hulk: Attorney at Law had fit the television formula well so it was possible to have that kind of success under the previous approach. /Film's Ben Pearson called the previous approach "seriously flawed" and said "tried-and-true methodologies work for a reason"; Pearson was hopeful that other Hollywood studios would not try to replicate Marvel's initial approach. Agatha All Along was the first series to alter the credits of its head writer, Schaeffer, to showrunner. Vision Quest, which was announced in May 2024, was the studio's first live-action series pickup in nearly two years and the first to move forward under the studio's new development approach. By October 2024, the studio had adopted a budget-conscious approach to producing their series. Agatha All Along was confirmed to be the studio's least expensive series to date, with a similar approach expected for future series such as Daredevil: Born Again and Vision Quest.

Release schedule

The second season of What If...? (2023) was the first Marvel Studios series to be released daily, while Echo (2024) was the first series released all at once; all previous Marvel Studios series had weekly releases. The first two series were released on Fridays, followed by the majority of series since the first season of Loki being released on Wednesdays; She-Hulk: Attorney at Law was released on Thursdays. The second season of Loki and Echo were released in prime time in the United States, with the former on Thursday evenings and the latter on a Tuesday evening.

See also

• List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series actors (Marvel Television)
• List of Marvel Cinematic Universe television series actors (Marvel Studios)
• List of television series based on Marvel Comics publications
• List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films
• Marvel Studios Special Presentations
• I Am Groot
• Outline of the Marvel Cinematic Universe § Television series

Notes

1. A version of the first two episodes debuted in IMAX theaters on September 1, 2017, and ran for two weeks, before their television premiere on ABC on September 29.
2. Production of Helstrom was moved to Marvel Studios following the shut down of Marvel Television, with executives from Marvel Television staying on to supervise the completion of the series.
3. ^ By October 2023, Marvel Studios shifted their creative philosophy to a more traditional television development process, moving away from head writers and beginning to hire dedicated showrunners for their series. The showrunner title applies to Jac Schaeffer on Agatha All Along, Dario Scardapane on Daredevil: Born Again, Andrew Guest on Wonder Man, and Terry Matalas on Vision Quest.
4. During production of Secret Invasion, Bradstreet was replaced as writer by Brian Tucker, who received the majority of the writing credits on the series.
5. ^ Part of the "Marvel Spotlight" banner
6. In July 2024, Feige anticipated the series would be released in 2027 or 2028.

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