Urocystidales | |
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Urocystis colchici on onions | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Ustilaginomycetes |
Order: | Urocystidales R. Bauer & Oberw., 1997 |
Synonyms | |
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The Urocystidales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contains 6 families and about 400 genera. They are a sister order to Ustilaginales.
Urocystidales is also known and classified as the smut fungi. They are serious plant pathogens, Urocystis, is one of the representative genera of the order, it is an example of a smut genus that has a wide host range. The type species Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) A.A. Fisch. Waldh (1867), was described as a pathogen on rye (Secale cereale). They are found in marine and terrestrial environments. The aquatic members of the Doassansiopsis genera are found in the tropics or subtropics.
Morphology
They are distinguished from other fungi by the existence of haustoria (root-like structure) and pores in the septa of soral hyphae.
Families
It was formed in 1997, and consisted (then) of 4 families, (Doassansiopsidaceae, Glomosporiaceae, Melanotaeniaceae and Urocystidaceae with 1 genus.
Later, Melanotaeniaceae was moved to the Ustilaginales order by Begerow et al. in 2006, and others were added such as Fereydouniaceae and Floromycetaceae in 2014 S. Nasr, Soudi, H.D.T. Nguyen, M. Lutz & Piątek, and Mycosyringaceae in 2008.
As accepted by GBIF and others;
- Doassansiopsidaceae (19) - only includes Doassansiopsis
- Fereydouniaceae (3) - includes Fereydounia
- Floromycetaceae (21) - includes Antherospora and Floromyces
- Glomosporiaceae (117) - includes Thecaphora (incl. Glomosporium Sorosporium)
- Mycosyringaceae (5) - includes Mycosyrinx
- Urocystidaceae (228) - includes Flamingomyces, Melanoxa, Melanustilospora, Mundkurella, Tuburcinia, Urocystis, Ustacystis and Vankya
Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per family.
Note the DNA of family Doassansiopsidaceae has been studied.
Ecology
The leaves of the water-lily (Nymphaea nouchali) can be affected by the water-born fungi, Doassansiopsis nymphaea.
The leaves of Caldesia parnassifolia (Alisma reniforme) can be affected by the water-born fungi, Doassansiopsis hydrophila (A.Dietr.) Lavrov (syn Doassansiopsis martianoffiana).
References
- ^ "Urocystidales". www.marinespecies.org. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- Urocystidales in MycoBank.
- Lutz, Matthias; Vánky, Kálmán; Bauer, Robert (2012). "Melanoxa, a new genus in the Urocystidales (Ustilaginomycotina)". Mycological Progress. 11: 149–158.
- "Urocystis occulta CBS 102.71 v1.0". mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- E. B. Gareth Jones, Kevin D Hyde and Ka-Lai Pang (editors) Freshwater Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2014), p. 113, at Google Books
- ^ David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (editors)Systematics and Evolution: Part A, Part 1 (2014), p. 318, at Google Books
- ^ R., Bauer; F., Oberwinkler; K., Vánky (1997). "Ultrastructural markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa". Can. J. Bot. 75: 1273–1314. doi:10.1139/b97-842.
- Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (2008), p. 715, at Google Books
- Begerow D, Stoll M, Bauer R.2006. A phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple gene analyses and morphological data. Mycologia 98: 906–916
- Vánky K, Lutz M, Bauer R.2008. About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms. Mycological Progress 7: 31–39
- ^ "Urocystidales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
- Outline of Basidiomycota, Mao-Qiang He, Rui-Lin Zhao, in Encyclopedia of Mycology, 2021
- Vánky, Kálmán; Lutz, Matthias; Bauer, Robert (2008). "About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms". Mycological Progress. 7: 31–39.
- Begerow, D., Bauer, R. & Oberwinkler, F. 1998. Phylogenetic studies on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of smut fungi and related taxa. – Canadian Journal of Botany 75 : 2045-2056.
- Dr.V.R. Patil Research on Fresh water fungi (2015), p. 113, at Google Books
- B D Borse, K N Borse, S Y Patil, C M Pawara, L C Nemade and V R Patil Freshwater Higher Fungi of India (2015), p. 178, at Google Books
Other sources
- C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5