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Vernonia noveboracensis
Closeup of flowers
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Vernonia
Species:	V. noveboracensis
Binomial name
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx.
Natural range in North America
Synonyms
Behen noveboracense (L.) Hill Behen praealtum Hill Cacalia noveboracensis (L.) Kuntze Chrysocoma noveboracensis Desf. Chrysocoma tomentosa Walter Serratula caroliniana Mill. Serratula noveboracensis L. Serratula praealta L. Vernonia harperi Gleason Vernonia noveboracensis f. albiflora Britton Vernonia noveboracensis f. lilacina Oswald Vernonia noveboracensis var. praealta Alph.Wood Vernonia noveboracensis var. tomentosa Britton Vernonia rugeliana Shuttlew. ex A.Gray Vernonia tomentosa Elliott

Vernonia noveboracensis, the New York ironweed or vein-leaf hawkweed, is a plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, from Florida to Massachusetts and west to Tennessee, Alabama, and West Virginia and to southern Ontario.

Description

Vernonia noveboracensis is a herbaceous plant with alternate, simple leaves, on stiff, greenish purple stems. It grows approximately 6 feet tall. The flowers are purple, borne in summer and fall. Ironweed is an herbaceous clumping perennial that will spread by seed. Ironweed can be an aggressive in moist soils. Vernonia noveboracensis has longer stems than other plants in the same genus like Vernonia acaulis. The color of the seed is brown. It grows with multiple stems and at a moderate rate. It is a deciduous plant. The main flower of this plant is made up of florets. The floret clusters are small and compact. Vernonia noveboracensis has a small fruit called an achene that is covered in bristles which allow them to be dispersed by the wind. It takes Vernonia noveboracensis two to five years to reach its maximum height. It can grow through chalk, clay, and loam dirt with pH level.

Ecology

Vernonia noveboracensis blooms in August and grows in wetlands and moist soils. Veronia noveboracensis is classified as FAC+ (wetland indicator status). The active growth period is during the summer. The lowest temperature it can survive in is -33° F. Vernonia noveboracensis competes through its early season growth and tall stem height. Vernonia noveboracensis is not known to be an invasive species. A hard stem also allows the plant to withstand windy conditions. The species is not toxic. This plant attracts butterflies, birds, and other insects but it is resistant to deer.

Uses

Dihydromikanolide is a sesquiterpene lactone that is found in Vernonia noveboracensis which is good for infections. Native Americans use the leaves of the Vernonia noveboracensis to make a tea that relieves labor pain used as a blood tonic. The roots of the plants were also made into teas that relieved stomach ulcers and tooth pain.

References

1. NatureServe (6 December 2024). "Vernonia noveboracensis". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
2. ^ "Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
3. ^ NRCS. "Vernonia noveboracensis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 October 2024.
4. "Vernonia noveboracensis". Flora of North America.
5. Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
6. Martin, Alexander C. (1972). Weeds. Racine, Wisconsin: Western Publishing Company. p. 116.
7. Jones Jr, Samuel B. "Hybridization of Vernonia acaulis and V. noveboracensis (Compositae) in the Piedmont of North Carolina." Castanea (1972): 244-253.
8. "Vernonia noveboracensis (Ironweed, New York Ironweed, Tall Ironweed) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
9. "Vernonia (Ironweed)". Gardenia Creating Gardens. 2024. Retrieved October 25, 2024.
10. "Vernonia noveboracensis | New York ironweed Herbaceous Perennial/RHS". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
11. Jones, Samuel B. "Synopsis and pollen morphology of Vernonia (Compositae: Vernonieae) in the New World." Rhodora 81.828 (1979): 425-447
12. Edwards, Tiffany (May 2012). "Long-term changes in community composition and exotic species invasion in a restored wetland in North Carolina". Doctoral dissertation, Duke University: 10.
13. Jones, Samuel B (December 1972). "Hybridization of Vernonia acaulis and V. noveboracensis (Compositae) in the Piedmont of North Carolina". Splachnum ampullaceum in West Virginia. 37 (4): 251.
14. "Vernonia (Ironweed)". Gardenia Creating Gardens. 2024. Retrieved October 25, 2024.
15. "Vernonia noveboracensis | Chicago Botanic Garden". www.chicagobotanic.org. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
16. Dweck, Anthony C. (2003). "Natural Preservatives" (PDF). natural preservatives.doc: 11.
17. "New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis)". Prince William Wildflower Society. Retrieved 2024-10-25.

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