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Vikram Sarabhai
Sarabhai in 1971
Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation
In office 1969–1971
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	M. G. K. Menon
Chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research
In office 1963–1969
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Chairperson of the Atomic Energy Commission of India
In office 1966–1971
Preceded by	Homi J. Bhabha
Succeeded by	H.N. Sethna
Personal details
Born	Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1919-08-12)12 August 1919 Ahmedabad, Bombay Presidency, British India (now in Gujarat, India)
Died	30 December 1971(1971-12-30) (aged 52) Halcyon Castle, Trivandrum (now Thiruvananthapuram), Kerala, India
Spouse	Mrinalini Sarabhai (m.1942; died.2016)
Children	Mallika Sarabhai (daughter) Kartikeya Sarabhai (son)
Parent(s)	Ambalal Sarabhai (father)
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for	Indian space program Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
Awards	Padma Bhushan (1966) Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) (1972)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Indian Space Research Organisation Physical Research Laboratory
Doctoral advisor	C. V. Raman
Doctoral students	Udupi Ramachandra Rao

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (12 August 1919 – 30 December 1971) was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped to develop nuclear power in India. Often regarded as the "Father of Indian space program", Sarabhai was honored with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972.

Personal life

Vikram Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in a Gujarati Jain family, in Ahmedabad, India. His father was Ambalal Sarabhai a major industrialist committed to the Indian independence movement. Vikram Sarabhai married the classical dancer Mrinalini in 1942. The couple had two children. His daughter Mallika gained prominence as an actress and activist, and his son Kartikeya too became an active person in science. He attended Gujarat College, Ahmedabad, but later moved to the University of Cambridge, England, where he took his tripos in natural sciences in 1940. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge to pursue his PhD and wrote a thesis, "Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes", in 1947.

Professional life

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Known as the cradle of space sciences in India, the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) was founded in 1947 by Vikram Sarabhai. PRL had a modest beginning at his residence, the "RETREAT", with research on cosmic rays.

The institute was formally established at the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad, on 11 November 1947 with support from the Karmkshetra Educational Foundation and the Ahmedabad Education Society. Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan was the first Director of the institute. The initial focus was research on cosmic rays and the properties of the upper atmosphere. Research areas were expanded to include theoretical physics and radio physics later with grants from the Atomic Energy Commission. He led the Sarabhai family-owned business conglomerate.

His interests varied from science to sports to statistics. He set up the Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research organization in the country. Most notable among the many institutes he helped set up are the Nehru Foundation for Development in Ahmedabad, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), and the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA). Along with his wife Mrinalini Sarabhai, he founded the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts. Other projects and institutions initiated or established by him include the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Kalpakkam, Variable Energy Cyclotron Project in Calcutta, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) in Hyderabad and Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) in Jaduguda, Jharkhand. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian cosmodrome. He was the founder of Indian Space Research Organisation.

Death

On 30 December 1971, Sarabhai was to review the SLV design before his departure for Bombay the same night. He had spoken to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on the telephone. Within an hour into the conversation, Sarabhai died of cardiac arrest at the age of 52 in Trivandrum (now Thiruvananthapuram). His body was cremated in Ahmedabad.

Distinguished positions

• President of the Physics section,Indian Science Congress (1962)
• President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970)
• Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (1966–1971)
• Vice-president, Fourth UN Conference on 'Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy' (1971)
• Founder and Chairman (1963–1971), Space Applications Centre

Legacy

• The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC), which is the Indian Space Research Organization's lead facility for launch vehicle development located in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital of Kerala state, is named in his memory.
• Along with other Ahmedabad-based industrialists, he played a major role in setting up of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
• Indian Postal Department released a commemorative Postal Stamp On his first death anniversary (30 December 1972)
• In 1973, the International Astronomical Union decided that a lunar crater, Bessel A, in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai crater.
• The lander on India's Moon mission Chandrayaan-2 which was to land near the South Pole of the Moon on Sep 20, 2019 was named Vikram in his honour.
• Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC) located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat is named after him. Vikram Sarabhai established this institute around the 1960s.
• Former World Quiz Champion Vikram Joshi was named after him.
• A Space Museum was dedicated to him at B M Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad on 26 July 2019. The museum was curated by Pranav Sharma.
• ISRO's Vikas (rocket engine) is named after him.
• On his 100th birthday on 12 August 2019, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) announced an award in the name of Vikram Sarabhai. The Vikram Sarabhai Journalism award in Space Science Technology and Research will be given to those journalists who have contributed to the fields of space science, applications, and research.

In popular culture

On 12 August 2019, Google's Doodle for India commemorated Sarabhai's 100th birth anniversary. On 30 September 2020, ACK Media along with ISRO released a book namely, Vikram Sarabhai: Pioneering India's Space Programme. It was released in Amar Chitra Katha's digital platform and merchandise, ACK Comics.

A 2022 web-series Rocket Boys was based on the fictionalized lives of Sarabhai and Homi J. Bhabha, played by Ishwak Singh and Jim Sarbh respectively

In the 2022 film Rocketry: The Nambi Effect based on Nambi Narayanan's life, Sarabhai was played by Rajit Kapur in the Hindi version and by Ravi Raghavendra in the Tamil version.

References

1. ^ Shah, Amrita (2007). Amrita Shah - Vikram Sarabhai - A Life. Penguin. p. 97. ISBN 9780670999514.
2. "Dr. Vikram Sarabhai". Master Control facility - Department Of Space - Government Of India. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
3. "formerchairman". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
4. "Jains steal the show with 7 Padmas". The Times of India. 9 April 2015. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
5. Entrepreneurship and Industry in India, 1800-1947. Oxford University Press. 1992. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-19-562806-7. The Sarabhais and the Lalbhais, the town's two most prominent entrepreneurial families, were Banias prominent as shroffs.
6. ^ Goyal, Shikha (12 August 2019). "Vikram Sarabhai founder of ISRO 100th Birthday: All you need to know". Jagran Josh. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
7. ^ R., Parthasarathy (3 April 2003). "Vikram Sarabhai (1919-1971): Architect of Indian space programme". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2003. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
8. "BRIEF HISTORY". Physical Research Laboratory, Department of Space, Government of India. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
9. "From the Archives (May 23, 1969): Sarabhai assails faltering nuclear policy". The Hindu. 23 May 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
10. "Former Chairmen of Atomic Energy Commission" (PDF). Government of India Department of Atomic Energy. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
11. "Space Applications Centre". www.sac.gov.in. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
12. Antonín Rükl: Atlas Měsíce, Aventinum (Praha 1991), chapter Bessel, page 74, ISBN 80-85277-10-7 (in Czech)
13. Sarabhai (crater) – "Planetary Names: Sarabhai on Moon;". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, IAU, USGS, NASA. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
14. "Space Museum opened at Hyderabad with ISRO Collaboration - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
15. "Birla Science Centre's Pranav Sharma gets REX Karmaveer Award". The Hindu. 6 December 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
16. "ISRO announces Vikram Sarabhai awards for journalism in the fields of space science, applications, and research". Firstpost. 8 August 2019.
17. "Vikram Sarabhai's 100th Birthday".
18. "'Rocket Boys' gets Vikram Sarabhai wrong". The Indian Express. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
19. "Why Rocket Boys didn't need to take so many creative liberties". Mintlounge. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
20. "As a Historian of the Nuclear Program, I Can Only Laugh at the Howlers in Rocket Boys". The Wire. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
21. "'Rocket Boys' Begins Well, Then Turns Into Hagiography With a Blatantly Communal Touch". The Wire. Retrieved 4 March 2022.

External links

• Interview with biographer Amrita Shah recorded in August 2013
• Great Scientists at freeindia.org

v t e Indian space programme
Department of Space (DoS)
Organisations	Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Antrix Corporation Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU) Integrated Space Cell Defence Space Agency Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)
Programmes	Bhaskara GAGAN GSAT INSAT IRNSS IRS Cartosat RISAT Rohini SROSS Chandrayaan Human Spaceflight Programme
Satellites	APPLE Aryabhata HAMSAT IMS-1 Megha-Tropiques NISAR SARAL South Asia Satellite Kalpana-1
Space observatories	Astrosat Aditya-L1 XPoSat AstroSat-2 (proposed)
Lunar and planetary spacecraft	Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander Pragyan rover Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander Pragyan rover Chandrayaan-4 (upcoming) Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (proposed) Mars Orbiter Mission Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed) Venus Orbiter Mission (proposed)
Human spaceflight	Indian human spaceflight programme SRE-1 SRE-II Gaganyaan CARE ISRO Space Station (proposed)
Launch vehicles	Active Orbital PSLV Launches GSLV Launches LVM3 SSLV Launches Suborbital Rohini ATV In development RLV Technology Demonstration Programme NGLV Retired SLV ASLV
Engines	Active CE-7.5 CE-20 Vikas In development SCE-200
Spaceports	Satish Dhawan Space Centre Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station under development Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport
Research facilities	Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre U R Rao Satellite Centre Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre ISRO Propulsion Complex Space Applications Centre ISRO Inertial Systems Unit Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems Human Space Flight Centre Development and Educational Communication Unit
Communications	Indian Deep Space Network Indian Space Science Data Centre ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network Master Control Facility National Remote Sensing Centre
Legislation and policy	Space Activities Bill
Private companies	Pixxel Skyroot Aerospace Satellize AgniKul Cosmos Dhruva Space Bellatrix Aerospace TeamIndus
Related	National Space Day SAGA-220 (supercomputer) Statio Shiv Shakti RESPOND
List of Indian satellites List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches List of ISRO missions List of ISRO chairpersons

• 1919 births
• 1971 deaths
• 20th-century Indian physicists
• Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
• Space programme of India
• Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
• Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering
• Scientists from Ahmedabad
• Indian Space Research Organisation people
• Gujarati people
• Sarabhai family
• Experiments in Art and Technology collaborating artists