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Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (EC 1.10.99.3, VDE) is an enzyme with systematic name violaxanthin:ascorbate oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

violaxanthin + 2 L-ascorbate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ zeaxanthin + 2 L-dehydroascorbate + 2 H₂O (overall reaction)

(1a) violaxanthin + L-ascorbate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ antheraxanthin + L-dehydroascorbate + H₂O

(1b) antheraxanthin + L-ascorbate ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ zeaxanthin + L-dehydroascorbate + H₂O

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase is a part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts.

References

1. Yamamoto HY, Higashi RM (October 1978). "Violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Lipid composition and substrate specificity". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 190 (2): 514–22. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(78)90305-3. PMID 102251.
2. Rockholm DC, Yamamoto HY (February 1996). "Violaxanthin de-epoxidase". Plant Physiology. 110 (2): 697–703. doi:10.1104/pp.110.2.697. PMC 157766. PMID 8742341.
3. Bugos RC, Hieber AD, Yamamoto HY (June 1998). "Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (25): 15321–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15321. PMID 9624110.
4. Kuwabara T, Hasegawa M, Kawano M, Takaichi S (November 1999). "Characterization of violaxanthin de-epoxidase purified in the presence of Tween 20: effects of dithiothreitol and pepstatin A". Plant & Cell Physiology. 40 (11): 1119–26. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029496. PMID 10635115.
5. Latowski D, Kruk J, Burda K, Skrzynecka-Jaskier M, Kostecka-Gugała A, Strzałka K (September 2002). "Kinetics of violaxanthin de-epoxidation by violaxanthin de-epoxidase, a xanthophyll cycle enzyme, is regulated by membrane fluidity in model lipid bilayers". European Journal of Biochemistry. 269 (18): 4656–65. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03166.x. PMID 12230579.
6. Goss R (September 2003). "Substrate specificity of the violaxanthin de-epoxidase of the primitive green alga Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae)". Planta. 217 (5): 801–12. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1044-1. PMID 12748855.
7. Latowski D, Akerlund HE, Strzałka K (April 2004). "Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, the xanthophyll cycle enzyme, requires lipid inverted hexagonal structures for its activity". Biochemistry. 43 (15): 4417–20. doi:10.1021/bi049652g. PMID 15078086.

External links

• Violaxanthin+de-epoxidase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

• Biology

• EC 1.10.99