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Viscoleo

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Viscoleo is a thin or low-viscosity vegetable oil. It is specifically a proprietary form of fractionated coconut oil and a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. It is prepared from the dried, solid endosperm of the fruit Cocos nucifera (coconut tree) via hydrolysis, fractionation, and purification. Viscoleo is composed of the medium-chain fatty acids caprylic acid (C8) (55–60%), capric acid (C10) (40%), lauric acid (C12) (1–5%), and caproic acid (C6) (0.5%). It is used as an oil vehicle for several depot antipsychotics including clopentixol decanoate, flupentixol decanoate, pipotiazine palmitate, zuclopentixol acetate, and zuclopentixol decanoate. Injectable antipsychotics using Viscoleo as a carrier may be absorbed more rapidly and have shorter durations than preparations using sesame oil.

Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Medication Brand name Class Vehicle Dosage Tmax t1/2 single t1/2 multiple logP Ref
Aripiprazole lauroxil Aristada Atypical Water 441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks 24–35 days ? 54–57 days 7.9–10.0
Aripiprazole monohydrate Abilify Maintena Atypical Water 300–400 mg/4 weeks 7 days ? 30–47 days 4.9–5.2
Bromperidol decanoate Impromen Decanoas Typical Sesame oil 40–300 mg/4 weeks 3–9 days ? 21–25 days 7.9
Clopentixol decanoate Sordinol Depot Typical Viscoleo 50–600 mg/1–4 weeks 4–7 days ? 19 days 9.0
Flupentixol decanoate Depixol Typical Viscoleo 10–200 mg/2–4 weeks 4–10 days 8 days 17 days 7.2–9.2
Fluphenazine decanoate Prolixin Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks 1–2 days 1–10 days 14–100 days 7.2–9.0
Fluphenazine enanthate Prolixin Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks 2–3 days 4 days ? 6.4–7.4
Fluspirilene Imap, Redeptin Typical Water 2–12 mg/1 week 1–8 days 7 days ? 5.2–5.8
Haloperidol decanoate Haldol Decanoate Typical Sesame oil 20–400 mg/2–4 weeks 3–9 days 18–21 days 7.2–7.9
Olanzapine pamoate Zyprexa Relprevv Atypical Water 150–405 mg/2–4 weeks 7 days ? 30 days –
Oxyprothepin decanoate Meclopin Typical ? ? ? ? ? 8.5–8.7
Paliperidone palmitate Invega Sustenna Atypical Water 39–819 mg/4–12 weeks 13–33 days 25–139 days ? 8.1–10.1
Perphenazine decanoate Trilafon Dekanoat Typical Sesame oil 50–200 mg/2–4 weeks ? ? 27 days 8.9
Perphenazine enanthate Trilafon Enanthate Typical Sesame oil 25–200 mg/2 weeks 2–3 days ? 4–7 days 6.4–7.2
Pipotiazine palmitate Piportil Longum Typical Viscoleo 25–400 mg/4 weeks 9–10 days ? 14–21 days 8.5–11.6
Pipotiazine undecylenate Piportil Medium Typical Sesame oil 100–200 mg/2 weeks ? ? ? 8.4
Risperidone Risperdal Consta Atypical Microspheres 12.5–75 mg/2 weeks 21 days ? 3–6 days –
Zuclopentixol acetate Clopixol Acuphase Typical Viscoleo 50–200 mg/1–3 days 1–2 days 1–2 days 4.7–4.9
Zuclopentixol decanoate Clopixol Depot Typical Viscoleo 50–800 mg/2–4 weeks 4–9 days ? 11–21 days 7.5–9.0
Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes: = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources: Main: See template.

References

  1. ^ De Risio A, Lang AP (February 2014). "History and therapeutic rationale of long acting antipsychotics". Curr Clin Pharmacol. 9 (1): 39–52. doi:10.2174/15748847113089990057. PMID 23343446.
  2. Larsen, Susan W.; Thing, Mette A.; Larsen, Claus (2012). "Oily (Lipophilic) Solutions and Suspensions". Long Acting Injections and Implants. pp. 113–135. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0554-2_7. ISBN 978-1-4614-0553-5.
  3. ^ Kai A. R. Rönnholm (1986). Human Milk Feeding in Very Low-birth-weight Infants: A Study of Protein Requirement, as Estimated from Growth, Serum Protein, Amino Acid and Hemoglobin Concentrations, and Riboflavin Status During the Early Postnatal Weeks. Painovalssi. p. 23. ISBN 978-951-99786-8-0. MCT oil (Viscoleo, obtained from Adopan, Kastrup, Denmark) is prepared from dried, solid endosperm of the fruit of Cocos nucifera by hydrolysis, fractionation, and purification. It consists of a mixture of triglycerides containing only short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids, mainly as octanoic and decanoic acids.
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