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Wa (Mongolic)

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Letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages

Wa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.

Mongolian language

Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Wa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠaᠡeᠢiᠣoᠤuᠥöᠦü
ᠧ(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨnᠩngᠪbᠫ(p)ᠬq/kᠭɣ/gᠮm
ᠯlᠰsᠱšᠲtᠳdᠴčᠵǰ
ᠶyᠷrᠸ(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter
w (v) Transliteration
ᠸ‍
 Initial
‍ᠸ‍
 Medial (syllable-initial)
Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠸ ⟨‍ᠧ⟩
 Final
C-V syllables
w‑a, w‑e wa, we wi wo, wu wö, wü Transliteration
— ᠸᠠ
 ᠸᠢ ᠸᠣ᠋ ᠸᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠸᠠ‍ ᠸᠢ‍ ᠸᠣ‍ ᠸᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠸᠠ‍ ‍ᠸᠢ‍ ‍ᠸᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠸ᠎ᠠ ⟨⟩
 ‍ᠸᠠ ‍ᠸᠢ ‍ᠸᠣ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /w/; Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ]] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 17) (help).
  • Used to transcribe foreign words (originally for v in Sanskrit व /va/). Transcribes /w/ in Tibetan ཝ /wa/; Old Uyghur and Chinese loanwords.
  • Indistinguishable from ē, except when inferred by its placement: typically between vowels, but also when it follows a consonant and precedes a vowel. In many xylographs also indistinguishable from the straight form of y ⟨⟩.

Clear Script

Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language

Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language

Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes

  1. Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.
  2. As in ᠸᠴᠢᠷ wčir (очир ochir) 'thunderbolt', or ᠸᠢᠸᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ vivangkirid/wiwanggirid (вивангирид vivangirid) 'prophecy'.
  3. As in ᠳᠠᠸᠠ dawa (даваа davaa) 'Monday', or ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ pawlow.
  4. As in ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ pawlow.
  5. As in ᠸᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠯ Error: Error: {{Transliteration}}: missing language / script code (help): transliteration text not Latin script (pos 6) (help) (ваа/ваал vaa/vaal) 'fungoid growth, mold'.
  6. As in ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰᠠᠳ᠋ᠸ᠎ᠠ bodisad(u/w)‑a (бодисадва bodisadva) 'bodhisattva'.

References

  1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  3. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  4. ^ "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. ^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  6. ^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  7. Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  8. "UNU/IIST Report No. 170 Traditional Mongolian Script in the ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode Standards" (PDF). BabelStone. Aug 1999.
  9. ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  11. ^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi; as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.
  12. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". BabelStone (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  14. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  16. Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  17. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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