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Wiebesia pumilae

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Species of wasp

Wiebesia pumilae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Agaonidae
Genus: Wiebesia
Species: W. pumilae
Binomial name
Wiebesia pumilae
(Hill, 1967)

Wiebesia pumilae is a fig wasp species in Genus Wiebesia, Family Agaonidae. W. pumilae is the pollinator of Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (Jelly Fig) and Ficus pumila var. pumila (Creeping Fig). The scientific name was first published as Blastophaga pumilae in 1967 by Hill.

W. pumilae are found in Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. There are 3 pollinators of Ficus pumila: Wiebesia pumilae sp.1, Wiebesia pumilae sp.2, Wiebesia pumilae sp.3.

Morphology

Male Wiebesia pumilae is 3.1–3.2 mm in length. Its body colour is yellow brown.

Female Wiebesia pumilae is 2.0–2.8 mm in length, with forward ovipositor. Its body colour is dark brown with yellowish tibiae and tarsi.

Pollination

The relationship of fig and fig wasp is a classic example of obligate mutualism and coevolution. Only pollinating wasps pollinate the figs, while fig wasps only lay their eggs inside the fig ovules.

Jelly fig pollinating W. pumilae are different from Creeping fig pollinating W. pumilae in gene expression. The genetic incompatibility can be caused by altitudinal adaptations, since jelly fig and creeping fig prefer different habitat altitudes.

Creeping fig wasps can enter receptive female Jelly fig syconia and bear seeds, but they cannot enter its male syconia. Jelly fig wasps can enter both receptive female Creeping fig syconia and bear seeds and can oviposit there as well.

Life Cycle of Wiebesia pumilae

Pre-receptive stage

Wiebesia pumilae spend most of their time in larvae stage, from three weeks to nine months. Wiebesia pumilae larvae grow in a galled ovule inside fig syconia.

Receptive stage

During the receptive stage, adult female Wiebesia pumilae are attracted by host-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs aid adult female wasps to locate host figs. Female wasps enter figs through ostiole.

Post-receptive stage

Wiebesia pumilae pollinate fig flowers and lay eggs inside their ovules. After oviposition, the larvae feed on gall tissue and mature alongside fig seeds and pollen grains.

Mature stage

As fertilised female pollinating wasps reach maturity, they leave their original fig and transfer pollen to another tree.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chen, You-Ling; Huang, Mei-li; Wu, Wen-Shan; Wang, Ai-Fang; Bao, Tiantian; Zheng, Cui-Fang; Chou, Lien-Siang; Tzeng, Hsy-yu; Tu, Shu-wen (2016-10-01). "The floral scent of Ficus pumila var. pumila and its effect on the choosing behavior of pollinating wasps of Wiebesia pumilae". Acta Ecologica Sinica. 36 (5): 321–326. doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.06.008. ISSN 1872-2032.
  2. ^ Hill, Dennis S (1966). The figs (Ficus spp.) and fig wasps (Chalcidoidea) of Hong Kong (Thesis). The University of Hong Kong Libraries. doi:10.5353/th_b3122847 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  3. Wang, Hurng-Yi; Hsieh, Chia-Hung; Huang, Chin-Gi; Kong, Siu-Wah; Chang, Hsiao-Chi; Lee, Ho-Huei; Wang, Wei-Kuang; Chen, Shih-Lun; Tzeng, Hsy-Yu; Wu, Wen-Jer (2013). "Genetic and physiological data suggest demographic and adaptive responses in complex interactions between populations of figs ( Ficus pumila ) and their pollinating wasps ( Wiebesia pumilae )". Molecular Ecology. 22 (14): 3814–3832. doi:10.1111/mec.12336. PMID 23841862. S2CID 206179942.
  4. CHEN, YAN; COMPTON, STEPHEN G.; LIU, MIN; CHEN, XIAO-YONG (2012-02-15). "Fig trees at the northern limit of their range: the distributions of cryptic pollinators indicate multiple glacial refugia". Molecular Ecology. 21 (7): 1687–1701. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05491.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 22335780. S2CID 20361148.
  5. Kjellberg F, Jousselin E, Hossaert-McKey M, Rasplus J-Y (2005) Biology, ecology, and evolution of fig-pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae). In: Raman A, Schaefer W, Withers TM (eds) Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield (NH) USA, Plymouth (UK), pp 539–572
  6. Bain, Anthony; Tzeng, Hsy-Yu; Wu, Wen-Jer; Chou, Lien-Siang (December 2015). "Ficus (Moraceae) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Taiwan". Botanical Studies. 56 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/s40529-015-0090-x. ISSN 1999-3110. PMC 5432906. PMID 28510820.
  7. Wang, Hurng-Yi; Hsieh, Chia-Hung; Huang, Chin-Gi; Kong, Siu-Wah; Chang, Hsiao-Chi; Lee, Ho-Huei; Wang, Wei-Kuang; Chen, Shih-Lun; Tzeng, Hsy-Yu; Wu, Wen-Jer (July 2013). "Genetic and physiological data suggest demographic and adaptive responses in complex interactions between populations of figs ( F icus pumila ) and their pollinating wasps ( W iebesia pumilae )". Molecular Ecology. 22 (14): 3814–3832. doi:10.1111/mec.12336. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 23841862. S2CID 206179942.
  8. Bai-Wei LO; Hunrg-Yi WANG (2021-09-01). "Genetic data revealed co-diversification and host switching in the Wiebesia pumilae species complex, pollinators of Ficus pumila". Taiwania. 66 (3). doi:10.6165/tai.2021.66.345.
  9. Wang, Rong; Yang, Yang; Jing, Yi; Segar, Simon T.; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Gang; Chen, Jin; Liu, Qing-Feng; Chen, Shan; Chen, Yan; Cruaud, Astrid; Ding, Yuan-Yuan; Dunn, Derek W.; Gao, Qiang; Gilmartin, Philip M. (July 2021). "Molecular mechanisms of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in a plant–pollinator association". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (7): 974–986. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01469-1. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 34002050. S2CID 234768590.
  10. Souza, Camila D.; Pereira, Rodrigo A. S.; Marinho, Cristina R.; Kjellberg, Finn; Teixeira, Simone P. (2015-09-29). "Diversity of fig glands is associated with nursery mutualism in fig trees". American Journal of Botany. 102 (10): 1564–1577. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500279. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26419809.
  11. Souto-Vilarós, Daniel; Proffit, Magali; Buatois, Bruno; Rindos, Michal; Sisol, Mentap; Kuyaiva, Thomas; Isua, Brus; Michalek, Jan; Darwell, Clive T.; Hossaert-McKey, Martine; Weiblen, George D.; Novotny, Vojtech; Segar, Simon T. (2018-05-25). "Pollination along an elevational gradient mediated both by floral scent and pollinator compatibility in the fig and fig-wasp mutualism". Journal of Ecology. 106 (6): 2256–2273. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12995. ISSN 0022-0477. S2CID 90343266.
  12. Wang, Rong; Chen, Xiao-Yong; Chen, Yan; Wang, Gang; Dunn, Derek W.; Quinnell, Rupert J.; Compton, Stephen G. (2019-02-20). "Loss of top-down biotic interactions changes the relative benefits for obligate mutualists". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1897): 20182501. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2501. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6408880. PMID 30963835.
  13. ^ Kjellberg, F., Jousselin, E., Hossaert-McKey, M., & Rasplus, J. Y. (2005). Biology, ecology, and evolution of fig-pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae). Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods, 2, 539–572.
Taxon identifiers
Wiebesia pumilae


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