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Witzna is a mid-sized archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, situated in the Petén Basin region of what is now northern Guatemala. Inscriptions discovered on site indicate that the city was known to the ancient Mayans as Bahlam Jol. Significant occupancy is dated to the Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology. It is located near the confluence of the Holmul and Ixcán Rivers, near the site of Chanchich II.

The site's main center (dubbed the "Acropolis") contains several palaces (two of which are 2 stories high), stepped-pyramid "temples" and a ballcourt. A sacbe joins this complex with the "Sculptures Complex", to the west. There are 3 stelae and 2 altars. The main residential area is at the eastern side of the site.

Archaeological evidence shows that a large fire destroyed much of the city at the end of the 7th century, which corresponds to a hieroglyphic account in nearby Naranjo describing the burning of a rebellious vassal city named Bahlam Jol dated to 21 May 697 CE. This event caused a significant decline in the population of the city, with many of its inhabitants likely enslaved or taken prisoner by Naranjo. The city was rebuilt during the early 700s CE, though less prominent and more sparsely populated than before. The royal dynasty ruling Bahlam Jol lasted another century after the conflagration, and traces of farming around the city continued for several more centuries after that.

References

1. ^ Smith, Kiona N. (6 August 2019). "Warring Maya kingdoms razed enemy cities to the ground". Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
2. ^ "Petén Nordeste" [Northeast Petén]. Authentic Maya (in Spanish). 2005. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
3. Gorman, James (5 August 2019). "Burning of Maya City Said to Be Act of Total Warfare". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
4. Wahl, David; Anderson, Lysanna; Estrada-Belli, Francisco; Tokovinine, Alexandre (5 August 2019). "Palaeoenvironmental, epigraphic and archaeological evidence of total warfare among the Classic Maya". Nature Human Behaviour. 3 (10): 1049–1054. doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0671-x. PMID 31384021.
5. Scharping, Nathaniel (5 August 2019). "A Burned City, and a New View of Warfare Among the Ancient Maya". Discover. Retrieved 7 August 2019.

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Belize	Actun Tunichil Muknal Altun Ha Baking Pot Barton Creek Cave Cahal Pech Caracol Cerros Chaa Creek Colha Cuello El Pilar KaʼKabish Kʼaxob La Milpa Lamanai Louisville Lower Dover Lubaantun Marco Gonzalez Minanha Nim Li Punit Nohmul Nohoch Cheʼen Pacbitun Pusilha San Estevan Santa Rita Tipu Uxbenka Xnaheb Xunantunich
Guatemala	Aguateca Altar de Sacrificios Arroyo de Piedra Balberta Bejucal Cancuén Cerro Quiac Chama Chitinamit Chocolá Chutixtiox Cotzumalhuapa Dos Pilas El Baúl El Chal El Mirador El Perú El Porvenir El Temblor El Tintal El Zotz Guaytán Holmul Holtun Itzan Iximche Ixkun Ixlu Ixtonton Ixtutz Kaminaljuyu Kinal Kʼatepan La Amelia La Blanca La Corona La Joyanca La Muerta Machaquila Mixco Viejo Montana Motul de San José Naachtun Nakbe Nakum Naranjo Pajaral Piedras Negras Punta de Chimino Quiriguá Qʼumarkaj Río Azul Sacul San Bartolo San Clemente Seibal Takalik Abaj Tamarindito Tayasal Tikal Topoxte Tres Islas Uaxactun Ucanal Wajxaklajun Witzna Xultun Yaxha Zacpeten Zaculeu Zapote Bobal
Honduras	Copán El Puente
Mexico	Acanceh Aguada Fénix Aké Balamku Balankanche Becan Bonampak Calakmul Chacchoben Chactún Chicanná Chinkultic Chichen Itza Chunchucmil Chunhuhub Chunlimón Coba Comalcalco Dzibanche Dzibilchaltun Edzna Ekʼ Balam Hormiguero Izamal Izapa Jaina Joljaʼ Kabah Kiuic Kohunlich Komchen Labna La Mar Mayapan Maní Moral Reforma Muyil Ocomtún Oxkintok Palenque Plan de Ayutla Pomona Punta Sur Río Bec San Gervasio Sayil Tamchen Toniná Tortuguero Tulum Uxmal Uxul Valeriana Xcaret Xelha Xlapak Xpuhil Xtampak Yaxchilan Yaxuná Yula Yoʼokop (for more articles see Category:Maya sites in Mexico)
El Salvador	Cara Sucia Casa Blanca Cihuatán Joya de Cerén San Andrés Tazumal
See also: Pre-Columbian era

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