Misplaced Pages

World Polonia Games Światowe Igrzyska Polonijne
Opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter World Polonia Games in Zakopane
Status	Active
Genre	Multi-sport event
Frequency	Annual
Location(s)	Various
Country	Poland
Inaugurated	1934; 90 years ago (1934) (summer) 1986; 38 years ago (1986) (winter)
Organised by	Association "Polish Community"
Website	World Polonia Games

The World Polonia Games (Polish: Światowe Igrzyska Polonijne) are a multi-sport event held annually for the Polish diaspora (Polonia) and Polish minorities living outside of Poland. Held annually and alternating between summer and winter games each year, the games bring together hundreds of participants from multiple countries worldwide, such as Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The first World Polonia Games were held in 1934 in Warsaw, with 381 athletes from 13 countries. Following a four decade break, the games were revived in 1974 in Kraków and have been held more regularly since. Seventeen different host cities throughout Poland have hosted an installation of the event. Today, the games are organized by the Association "Polish Community" and are covered by TVP Polonia.

The XXI Summer World Polonia Games, its most recent installation, were held in August 2023 in Nysa and Wrocław. The most recent winter games, the XV Winter World Polonia Games, were held in February 2022 in Wisła, Silesian Voivodeship.

History

Background and the first games

As early as the turn of the century around 1900, during the period of the third partition of Poland, Polish athletes travelled to participate on sports competitions. For example, the "Meeting of the Polish Falconers' Union" (Zlot Sokolstwa Polskiego), which took place in Kraków in 1910 on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Tannenberg, in which around 10,000 Poles from Europe and the United States took part in. Sports and athleticism was developed in Poland in the 1930s, during the time of the independent Second Polish Republic, with the nation participating in the Olympic Games. The growing enthusiasm for sports led to the establishment of numerous Polish sports clubs in the diaspora.

At a "Congress of the Organizing Council of Poles Abroad” in Warsaw in 1933, the "First Polonia Sports Games" (I. Polonijne Igrzyska Sportowe, PIS) were organized for Poles living outside of Poland (including those from the Free City of Danzig). Its organizing committee was headed by the Marshal of the Senate Władysław Raczkiewicz. The firsrt games were held in 1934 in Warsaw, and 400 athletes took part from 13 nations worldwide. The opening ceremony on August 1, 1934, in Warsaw's Stadion Wojska Polskiego was attended by the President of Poland Ignacy Mościcki. The largest team was made up of Poles from the Free City of Danzig with 64 competitors, with the most successful teams being those from France, Danzig, and Czechoslovakia.

The modern games

The Second World War and post-war tension resulted in a four decade break in the games until its revival in 1974 in Kraków. Even then, authorities initially prevented the participation of Poles from the Soviet Union and its successor states until the nation's collapse in 1991. In 1986, the first winter World Polonia Games took place in Zakopane for the first time. They were originally held every three years from 1986 to 1992, but have now been held every two years since 2000 after an eight-year break.

In 1990, the association "Polish Community" (Stowarzyszenie "Wspólnota Polska") was founded in Warsaw, which organizes the World Games to this day. The aim of the association is to strengthen ties among Poles living abroad. The association's longtime chairman, the politician Andrzej Stelmachowski, campaigned for a revival of the Games in the 1990s. At the 1991 Summer Games, participants had the opportunity to meet Pope John Paul II, who was present at the event.

Since 1997, the main media patron and co-organizer of the games has been TVP Polonia. The games have been held annually, with the event alternating between summer and winter games each year, since 1999; Summer Games are held in odd-numbered years and Winter Games in even-numbered years. Games hosts vary, while the regular hosts of the Winter Games have been the Beskids (6 times; consisting of the cities of Bielsko Biała, Cieszyn, Szczyrk, Tychy, and Wisła together) and Zakopane (5 times). In 2018, the Winter Games were brought to Krynica-Zdrój for the first time.

The games continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis, although to a reduced extent and with increased health and safety precautions in place for the 2020, 2021, and 2022 games. The games continued with their regular layout in 2023 with the XXI Summer World Polonia Games in Nysa and Wroclaw.

Sports

Summer Games

In addition to a children's and family tournament, the Summer Games have consisted of:

•  Angling
•  Archery
•  Athletics
•  Badminton
•  Basketball
•  Beach volleyball
•  Bowling
•  Chess
•  Contract bridge
•  Cue sports
•  Equestrian
•  Football
•  Futsal
•  Golf
•  Handball
•  Indoor rowing
•  Kayaking
•  Mountain biking
• Nordic walking
• Ringo
•  Road cycling
•  Sailing
•  Shooting
•  Swimming
•  Table tennis
•  Tennis
•  Triathlon (or duathlon)
•  Volleyball

Source:

Winter Games

In addition to a children's and family tournament, the Winter Games have consisted of:

•  Alpine skiing
•  Biathlon
•  Cross-country skiing
•  Ice hockey
• Ice skating
• Nordic walking
•  Short track speed skating
•  Ski jumping
•  Snowboarding
•  Speed skating

Source:

Participating nations

The games are open to any Polish person or person of Polish descent who does not permanently live in Poland. Participating nations at the World Polonia Games have included those listed in the table below. Numbers indicate the number of times nations have topped a games medal table.

Source:

Notable people

Participants

• Andżelika Borys (Belarus: 2011), Polish-Belarusian activist and president of the Union of Poles in Belarus
• Irène Debrunner (Switzerland: 1974), Swiss freestyle swimmer and Olympic athlete
• Stanisława Walasiewicz (United States: 1934, 1977), Polish-American track and field athlete and Olympic champion
• Bożena Wojciekian (Canada: 2011), Polish-Canadian shot putter

Attendees

• Bogdan Borusewicz (opened the 2011 Summer Games), Marshal of the Polish Senate
• Anna Gębala-Duraj (torchbearer and guest at the 2006 Winter Games), Polish cross-country skier and Olympic athlete
• Wiesław Gębala (torchbearer and guest at the 2006 Winter Games), Polish cross-country skier and Olympic athlete
• Pope John Paul II (guest at the 1991 Summer Games)
• Grzegorz Lato (guest at the 2011 Summer Games), Polish footballer and president of the Polish Football Association
• Lech Kaczyński (opened the 2010 Winter Games), President of Poland
• Longin Pastusiak (opened the 2004 Winter Games), Speaker of the Polish Senate
• Maciej Płażyński (opened the 2006 Winter Games), Deputy Speaker of the Polish Senate

Additional guests at the 2011 Summer Games opening ceremony in Wrocław included Jacek Bocian, Jan Brzeźny, Piotr Rysiukiewicz, Ryszard Szurkowski, and Urszula Włodarczyk. Numerous Polish Olympians were also present during the 2011 Summer Games, including Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno, Włodzimierz Chlebosz, Mariusz Jędra, Mieczysław Łopatka, Ryszard Podlas, and Leszek Swornowski.

List of World Polonia Games

Summer Games

No.	Year	Host	Games dates	Disciplines	Competitors	Nations	Top nation
I	1934	Warsaw	1–8 Aug	7	381	13	France
II	1937	Warsaw	Postponed and later cancelled
II	1974	Kraków	17–21 Jul	11	319	13	Czechoslovakia
III	1977	Kraków	17–20 Jul	12	687	15	Czechoslovakia
IV	1981	Kraków	15–19 Jul	11	383	12	Czechoslovakia
V	1984	Warsaw	15–20 Jul	14	495	15	Czechoslovakia
VI	1987	Kraków	26–31 Jul	16	1300	29	Czechoslovakia
VII	1991	Kraków	4–12 Aug	12	271	14	Czechoslovakia
VIII	1997	Lublin	24–31 Aug	13	600	24	Belarus
IX	1999	Lublin	23–29 Aug	12	350	16	Latvia
X	2001	Sopot	29 Jul – 6 Aug	17	789	21	Germany
XI	2003	Poznań	26 Jul – 2 Aug	16	700	22	Belarus
XII	2005	Warsaw	6–14 Aug	18	1000	28	Belarus
XIII	2007	Słupsk	28 Jul – 4 Aug	21	1068	28	Germany
XIV	2009	Toruń	1–9 Aug	23	1101	28	Germany
XV	2011	Wrocław	29 Jul – 6 Aug	28	1682	31	Germany
XVI	2013	Kielce	3–10 Aug	18	1000	30	Czech Republic
XVII	2015	Silesia	2–8 Aug	20	800	29	Belarus
XVIII	2017	Toruń	29 Jul – 6 Aug	23	1000	32	Czech Republic
XIX	2019	Gdynia	27 Jul – 4 Aug	22	1268	27	Czech Republic
XX	2021	Pułtusk	19–24 Sep	17	500	27	Czech Republic
XXI	2023	Nysa-Wrocław	26 – 31 Aug		600	24	Czech Republic

Source:

Winter Games

No.	Year	Host	Games dates	Disciplines	Competitors	Nations	Top nation
I	1986	Zakopane		6	200	10	n/a
II	1989	Zakopane		8	146	17	n/a
III	1992	Zakopane	2–7 Feb	n/a			n/a
IV	2000	Beskids	28 Feb – 5 Mar	4	215	17	Czech Republic
V	2002	Beskids	1–6 Mar	6	550	20	Czech Republic
VI	2004	Beskids	28 Feb – 3 Mar	7	625	23	Czech Republic
VII	2006	Beskids	24 Feb – 2 Mar	7	664	24	Czech Republic
VIII	2008	Beskids	29 Feb – 5 Mar	7	500	20	Canada
IX	2010	Zakopane	6–14 Mar	12	730	25	Czech Republic
X	2012	Beskids	25 Feb – 3 Mar	10	600	23	Lithuania
XI	2014	Karkonosze	23 Feb – 1 Mar	10	600	23	Lithuania
XII	2016	Podkarpackie	29 Feb – 4 Mar	12	500	16	Lithuania
XIII	2018	Krynica-Zdrój	25 Feb – 1 Mar	9	546	22	Czech Republic
XIV	2020	Krynica-Zdrój	20–23 Dec	4	120	10	n/a
XV	2022	Wisła	27 Feb – 3 Mar	10	500	21	Czech Republic
XVI	2024	Wisła	18 Dec – 22 Dec		250	15

Source:

Host cities

Host cities of World Polonia Games

Warsaw (x4)Kraków (x5)Lublin (x2)SopotPoznańSłupskToruń (x2)WrocławKielceSilesiaGdyniaPułtuskclass=notpageimage| Host cities of Summer World Polonia Games

Zakopane (x5)Beskids (x6)KarkonoszePodkarpackieKrynica-Zdrój (x2)WisłaZakopane (x4)class=notpageimage| Host cities of Winter World Polonia Games

Number of occurrences

• Małopolskie – 11 times (5 Summer; 6 Winter)
• Śląskie – 7 times (7 Winter)
• Masowieckie – 4 times (3 Summer; 1 Winter)
• Dolnośląskie – 3 times (2 Summer; 1 Winter)
• Pomorskie – 3 times (3 Summer)
• Kujawsko-Pomorskie – 2 times (2 Summer)
• Lubelskie – 2 times (2 Summer)
• Podkarpackie – 1 time (1 Winter)
• Świętokrzyskie – 1 time (1 Summer)
• Wielkopolskie – 1 time (1 Summer)

Medal tables

Summer Games

2013 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	43	62	53	158
2	Lithuania (LIT)	43	42	31	116
3	Canada (CAN)	41	34	25	100
4	Germany (GER)	41	20	15	76
5	Belarus (BLR)	34	21	19	74
6	United States (USA)	26	34	27	87
7	Austria (AUT)	24	28	30	82
8	Ukraine (UKR)	21	8	20	49
9	Russia (RUS)	16	17	20	53
10	Moldova (MLD)	12	9	10	31
11–27	Remaining	52	43	39	134
Totals (27 entries)		353	318	289	960

2015 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Belarus (BLR)	67	39	31	137
2	Lithuania (LIT)	48	45	46	139
3	Czech Republic (CZE)	44	53	46	143
4	Germany (GER)	34	14	10	58
5	United States (USA)	24	27	19	70
6	Canada (CAN)	22	23	17	62
7	Austria (AUT)	21	17	13	51
8	Moldova (MLD)	15	8	6	29
9	Spain (ESP)	9	6	4	19
10	Sweden (SWE)	7	3	1	11
11–28	Remaining	24	44	35	103
Totals (28 entries)		315	279	228	822

2017 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	54	53	54	161
2	Lithuania (LIT)	52	49	57	158
3	Belarus (BLR)	38	29	30	97
4	Canada (CAN)	37	25	36	98
5	Germany (GER)	16	21	16	53
6	Spain (ESP)	15	18	16	49
7	United States (USA)	12	8	11	31
8	Moldova (MLD)	11	5	3	19
9	Austria (AUT)	9	18	15	42
10	France (FRA)	7	11	16	34
11–32	Remaining	38	34	42	114
Totals (32 entries)		289	271	296	856

2019 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	74	69	78	221
2	Belarus (BLR)	43	33	27	103
3	Lithuania (LIT)	38	40	42	120
4	Canada (CAN)	28	17	31	76
5	Spain (ESP)	25	30	38	93
6	Moldova (MLD)	24	12	8	44
7	United States (USA)	18	12	8	38
8	France (FRA)	14	16	11	41
9	Austria (AUT)	10	22	24	56
10	Germany (GER)	10	18	21	49
11–27	Remaining	44	58	60	162
Totals (27 entries)		328	327	348	1,003

2021 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	51	65	53	169
2	Lithuania (LIT)	37	36	28	101
3	Belgium (BEL)	31	9	33	73
4	Austria (AUT)	18	9	6	33
5	Germany (GER)	9	5	5	19
6	United States (USA)	5	7	4	16
7	Russia (RUS)	4	6	7	17
8	Canada (CAN)	3	2	3	8
9	Armenia (ARM)	3	1	2	6
10	Ukraine (UKR)	2	2	4	8
11–22	Remaining	8	27	26	61
Totals (22 entries)		171	169	171	511

2023 Summer World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	57	59	45	161
2	Lithuania (LIT)	42	33	42	117
3	Austria (AUT)	29	26	15	70
4	France (FRA)	14	13	10	37
5	Norway (NOR)	8	19	10	37
6	United States (USA)	8	6	4	18
7	Germany (GER)	7	8	8	23
8	Canada (CAN)	7	4	3	14
9	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	7	4	2	13
10	Great Britain (GBR)	7	1	2	10
11–19	Remaining	13	9	20	42
Totals (19 entries)		199	182	161	542

Winter Games

2016 Winter World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Lithuania (LIT)	42	33	34	109
2	Czech Republic (CZE)	32	26	23	81
3	Belarus (BLR)	10	15	15	40
4	Russia (RUS)	6	10	6	22
5	Canada (CAN)	5	3	6	14
6	Switzerland (SUI)	5	1	0	6
7	United States (USA)	4	0	4	8
8	Austria (AUT)	3	7	3	13
9	Luxembourg (LUX)	3	4	1	8
10	Norway (NOR)	2	3	4	9
11–17	Remaining	3	15	15	33
Totals (17 entries)		115	117	111	343

2018 Winter World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	21	11	17	49
2	Lithuania (LIT)	14	18	12	44
3	Belarus (BLR)	12	11	15	38
4	Russia (RUS)	5	12	9	26
5	Germany (GER)	4	0	3	7
6	United States (USA)	3	9	2	14
7	Sweden (SWE)	3	0	2	5
8	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	2	2	1	5
9	Hungary (HUN)	2	1	1	4
10	Canada (CAN)	1	1	0	2
11–17	Remaining	2	4	7	13
Totals (17 entries)		69	69	69	207

2022 Winter World Polonia Games medal table

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Czech Republic (CZE)	32	27	26	85
2	Lithuania (LIT)	22	20	21	63
3	Belarus (BLR)	7	6	4	17
4	Austria (AUT)	2	3	3	8
5	Hungary (HUN)	1	2	0	3
6	United States (USA)	1	0	1	2
7	Sweden (SWE)	1	0	0	1
	Switzerland (SUI)	1	0	0	1
9	Kazakhstan (KAZ)	0	5	2	7
10	Luxembourg (LUX)	0	2	3	5
11–16	Remaining	0	2	7	9
Totals (16 entries)		67	67	67	201

Medal leaders by year

Summer Games

• 1934:  France
• 1974:  Czechoslovakia
• 1977:  Czechoslovakia
• 1981:  Czechoslovakia
• 1984:  Czechoslovakia
• 1987:  Czechoslovakia
• 1991:  Czechoslovakia
• 1997:  Belarus
• 1999:  Latvia
• 2001:  Germany
• 2003:  Belarus
• 2005:  Belarus
• 2007:  Germany
• 2009:  Germany
• 2011:  Germany
• 2013:  Czech Republic
• 2015:  Belarus
• 2017:  Czech Republic
• 2019:  Czech Republic
• 2021:  Czech Republic

Winter Games

• 1986: n/a
• 1989: n/a
• 1992: n/a
• 2000:  Czech Republic
• 2002:  Czech Republic
• 2004:  Czech Republic
• 2006:  Czech Republic
• 2008:  Canada
• 2010:  Czech Republic
• 2012:  Lithuania
• 2014:  Lithuania
• 2016:  Lithuania
• 2018:  Czech Republic
• 2020: n/a
• 2022:  Czech Republic

See also

• List of World Polonia Games records
• Polish diaspora (Polonia)

Notes

1. Hosted by the cities of Chorzów, Rybnik, Sosnowiec, and Wodzisław Śląski.
2. ^ Team classification was not conducted at the first three installations of the World Polonia Winter Games.
3. Source material for the 1992 Games was lost.
4. ^ Hosted by the cities of Bielsko Biała, Cieszyn, Szczyrk, Tychy, and Wisła.
5. Hosted by the cities of Jelenia Góra, Szklarska Poręba, Sobieszów, and Jablonec nad Jizerou (Czech Republic).
6. Hosted by the cities of Ustrzyki Dolne, Sanok, and Przemyśl.
7. ^ Team classification was not conducted at the XIV Winter Games because of its reduced size due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

1. ^ "Igrzyska Polonijne - Team Canada". www.igrzyskapolonijne.ca. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
2. ^ Woltmann-Żebrowska, Małgorzata (2012). "Lekkoatletyka na polonijnych igrzyskach sportowych w Polsce w latach 1934-2011" (PDF). Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna. 11: 83–98.
3. ^ S.A, Telewizja Polska. "Wystartowały Światowe Igrzyska Polonijne". polonia24.tvp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
4. ^ "STOWARZYSZENIE WSPÓLNOTA POLSKA POLECA: Zakończenie XXI Światowych Letnich Igrzysk Polonijnych". wspolnotapolska.org.pl (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
5. Polska, Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota; EM, STUDIO. "STOWARZYSZENIE WSPÓLNOTA POLSKA POLECA: ZAPRASZAMY NA XV ŚWIATOWE ZIMOWE IGRZYSKA POLONIJNE". pai.media.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-02-05.
6. Kamińska, Katarzyna (2021-01-11). "Światowe Igrzyska Polonijne: święto sportu ponad granicami". POLSKA360.org (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
7. "Zaproszenie na X Światowe Zimowe Igrzyska Polonijne". Polishnews.com (in Polish). 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
8. "XIII Światowe Zimowe Igrzyska Polonijne 26.02.-2.03 - Jaworzyna Krynicka". jaworzynakrynicka.pl. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
9. "Zaproszenie na Wielkie Święto Sportu Polonijnego do malowniczej Wisły". l24.lt (in Polish). Retrieved 2022-02-04.
10. ^ "Światowe Letnie Igrzyska Polonijne". wspolnotapolska.org.pl. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
11. Sapiejka, Dariusz. "Podziękowania Stowarzyszenia "Wspólnota Polska" za wsparcie organizacji XX Światowych Igrzysk Polonijnych w Pułtusku".
12. ^ Nowak, Leonard. "Timeline of World Polonia Winter Games (1986–2016)" (PDF). Prace Naukowe. 2017 (3): 85–105.
13. ^ "Podsumowano igrzyska polonijne". umwd.dolnyslask.pl. 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
14. ^ Nowak, Leonard. "Timeline of Summer World Polonia Games (1934–2015)" (PDF). Prace Naukowe. 2016 (4): 69–87.
15. "Igrzyska Polonijne - Team Canada". www.igrzyskapolonijne.ca. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
16. Witkowski, Paweł. "Polonia Kanadyjska poraz drugi drugą ekipą igrzysk". www.igrzyskapolonijne.ca. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
17. ^ Starczak-Kozłowska, Krystyna. "Polskich sportowców gromada - to Kanada !". www.igrzyskapolonijne.ca. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
18. ^ "Światowe Zimowe Igrzyska Polonijne Szczyrk 2006". www.pasaus.org. Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
19. "Światowe Letnie Igrzyska Polonijne". Polishnews.com (in Polish). 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
20. ""XIV ŚWIATOWE ZIMOWE IGRZYSKA POLONIJNE - KRYNICA ZDRÓJ 2020"". www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
21. ""Stowarzyszenie Wspólnota Polska"". www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
22. "Wisła: Rozpoczęły się XVI Światowe Zimowe Igrzyska Polonijne". glos.live. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
23. ^ "Standings". Team Kanada. 10 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
24. "Klasyfikacje i wyniki zawodów". Stowarzyszenia "Wspólnota Polska". Retrieved 3 February 2022.
25. "ZAKOŃCZENIE XXI ŚWIATOWYCH LETNICH IGRZYSK POLONIJNYCH". Wspolnota Polska. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
26. "Klasyfikacja Medalowa". Wspolnota Polska. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
27. "KLASYFIKACJA MEDALOWA XIII ZIMOWYCH IGRZYSK POLONIJNYCH KRYNICA-ZDRÓJ 2018". Wspolnota Polska. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
28. "KLASYFIKACJA MEDALOWA XV ŚWIATOWYCH ZIMOWYCH IGRZYSK POLONIJNYCH". Wspolnota Polska. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

External links

• Wspólnota Polska (Association "Polish Community")
  • Official webpage of the 2017 games
  • Official webpage of the 2019 games
  • Official webpage of the 2021 games
• Official webpage of Team Canada
• Timeline of the Summer World Polonia Games (1934–2015)
• Timeline of the World Polonia Winter Games (1986–2016)

• Polish diaspora
• Sport in Poland