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Xantphos

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Not to be confused with XPhos.
Xantphos

Ph stands for phenyl
Names
Preferred IUPAC name (9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane)
Other names Xantphos
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.118.008 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C39H32OP2/c1-39(2)33-25-15-27-35(41(29-17-7-3-8-18-29)30-19-9-4-10-20-30)37(33)40-38-34(39)26-16-28-36(38)42(31-21-11-5-12-22-31)32-23-13-6-14-24-32/h3-28H,1-2H3Key: CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C39H32OP2/c1-39(2)33-25-15-27-35(41(29-17-7-3-8-18-29)30-19-9-4-10-20-30)37(33)40-38-34(39)26-16-28-36(38)42(31-21-11-5-12-22-31)32-23-13-6-14-24-32/h3-28H,1-2H3Key: CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES
  • O6c1c(cccc1P(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3)C(c7cccc(P(c4ccccc4)c5ccccc5)c67)(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula C39H32OP2
Molar mass 578.62 g/mol
Appearance colorless solid
Density 1.34 g/mL
Melting point 224 to 228 °C (435 to 442 °F; 497 to 501 K)
Solubility in water organic solvents
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards flammable
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Xantphos is an organophosphorus compound derived from the heterocycle xanthene. It is used as a bidentate diphosphine ligand and is noteworthy for having a particularly wide bite angle (108°). Such ligands are useful in the hydroformylation of alkenes. Illustrative of its wide bite angle, it forms both cis and trans adducts of platinum(II) chloride. In the latter context, xantphos is classified as a trans-spanning ligand. A related bidentate ligand with a greater bite angle is spanphos.

The ligand is prepared by double directed lithiation of 9,9-dimethylxanthene with sec-butyllithium followed by treatment with chlorodiphenylphosphine.

References

  1. Birkholz, Mandy-Nicole; Freixa, Zoraida; van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M. (2009). "Bite angle effects of diphosphines in C–C and C–X bond forming cross coupling reactions". Chemical Society Reviews. 38 (4): 1099–118. doi:10.1039/B806211K. PMID 19421583.
  2. Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen, Paul C. J. Kamer, Joost N. H. Reek, and Peter Dierkes (2000). "Ligand Bite Angle Effects in Metal-catalyzed C-C Bond Formation". Chemical Reviews. 100 (8): 2741–2769. doi:10.1021/cr9902704. PMID 11749304.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Mirko Kranenburg, Yuri E. M. van der Burgt, Paul C. J. Kamer, Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen, Kees Goubitz, and Jan Fraanje (1995). "New Diphosphine Ligands Based on Heterocyclic Aromatics Inducing Very High Regioselectivity in Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation: Effect of the Bite Angle" (PDF). Organometallics. 14 (6): 3081–3089. doi:10.1021/om00006a057. S2CID 53053952.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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