Yan Jidao (simplified Chinese: 晏几道; traditional Chinese: 晏幾道; pinyin: Yàn Jǐdào; Wade–Giles: Yen Chi-tao(~1030?~1110?), art name Xiaoshan, was a song lyrics poet, the youngest son of statesman and poet Yan Shu. In contrast to Yan Shu's prominent official career at the imperial court, Yan Jidao's life remained largely unknown. Most of his songs were created at banquets with the companionship of courtesan. His lasting works can be found in his self-collection of lyrics, titled "Xiaoshan Ci" (小山词). He is considered a master of romance-themed short songs (小令; xiǎolìng) that evoke memories of lost love scenes and past pleasures.
According to his contemporary Huang Tingjian, who wrote a preface to "Xiaoshan Ci", Yan Jidao was a man of "outstanding talent" and "incomparable idiocy". Yan was described as a master of the six classics and schools of the learned; however, he never utilized these abilities to climb the social ladder even when his livelihood is at stake. Huang acclaimed Yan's poetry as "pure and vigorous" that can "deeply stir the mind".
To a notable extent, song lyricists such as Yan Jidao showed a tendency for portraying male vulnerability in response to commonplace feminine beauty, often found in the form of professional performers in private households and taverns rather than the idealized depictions associated with divine or aristocratic women. Among Yan Jidao's 260 songs, the reference of "dreams" appeared in 52 of the lyrics; the once sweet moments of his life spent with the beloved lady singers remained only a reminiscence through dreaming. An example of such a song is “To the tune ‘Partridge Sky’ ”:
| 鹧鸪天·彩袖殷勤捧玉钟 | “To the tune ‘Partridge Sky’ ” |
|---|---|
|
彩袖殷勤捧玉钟, |
Colored sleeves eagerly offered a goblet of jade, |
| —Ronald Egan |
References
- Ashmore, Robert (2002). "The Banquet's Aftermath: Yan Jidao's Ci Poetics and the High Tradition". T'oung Pao. 88 (4/5): 211–250. doi:10.1163/156853202100368370. ISSN 0082-5433. JSTOR 4528901.
- ^ Owen, Stephen (2019). "Yan Jidao". Just a song: Chinese lyrics from the eleventh and early twelfth centuries. Harvard-Yenching Institute monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-674-98712-8.
- ^ Sun, Kangyi; Owen, Stephen (2010). The Cambridge history of Chinese literature edited by Kang-i Sun Chang and Stephen Owen. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. pp. 447–450. ISBN 978-0-521-11677-0.
- Owen, Stephen, ed. (1996). An anthology of Chinese literature: beginnings to 1911 (1st ed.). New York London: Norton. pp. 572–574. ISBN 978-0-393-03823-1.
- Yuan, Xingpei (1999). Zhong Guo Wen Xue Shi [History of Chinese Literature] (in Chinese). Beijing, China: Higher Education Press. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-7-04-006387-5.