Yi Sun-sin

(Redirected from Yi Sun-Sin) 16th-century Korean naval commander This article is about the Korean admiral born in 1545. For other uses, see Yi Sun-sin (disambiguation).

In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.

This article is written like a story. Please help rewrite this article to introduce an encyclopedic style and a neutral point of view. (February 2022)

Duke Chungmu Yi Sun-sin
Text reads "忠武公李舜臣像" (Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin Sang; "Portrait of Yi Sun-sin, Lord of Loyal Valor")
Born	April 28, 1545 Euljiro-dong, Hanseong, Joseon
Died	December 16, 1598(1598-12-16) (aged 53) Namhae Island, Gyeongsang Province, Joseon
Allegiance	Joseon
Service / branch	Joseon Navy
Rank	Commander of the Three Provinces
Battles / wars	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) Battle of Okpo Battle of Sacheon (1592) Battle of Hansan Island Battle of Busan (1592) Battle of Myeongnyang Battle of Noryang †
Spouse(s)	Lady Bang Lady Oh Lady Buandaek
Children	legitimate: 3 sons, 1 daughter illegitimate: 2 sons, 2 daughters

Korean name
Hangul	이순신
Hanja	李舜臣
Revised Romanization	I Sunsin
McCune–Reischauer	I Sunsin
Art name
Hangul	기계, 덕암
Hanja	器溪, 德巖
Revised Romanization	Gigye, Deogam
McCune–Reischauer	Kigye, Tŏgam
Courtesy name
Hangul	여해
Hanja	汝諧
Revised Romanization	Yeohae
McCune–Reischauer	Yŏhae
Posthumous name
Hangul	충무
Hanja	忠武
Revised Romanization	Chungmu
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'ungmu
Internal Prince Deokpung
Hangul	덕풍부원군
Hanja	德豐府院君
Revised Romanization	Deokpung buwongun
McCune–Reischauer	Tŏkp'ung puwŏngun

Yi Sun-sin (Korean: 이순신; Hanja: 李舜臣; Korean pronunciation: [i.sʰun.ɕin]; April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean admiral and military general famed for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon period.

The exact number of naval engagements conducted by Admiral Yi against the Japanese is a subject of historical debate. However, he is widely believed to have seen combat in at least 23 victorious naval engagements during the war. In most of these battles, he was outnumbered and lacked the necessary supplies. His most famous victory occurred at the Battle of Myeongnyang, where he successfully led a Korean fleet of 13 ships against a Japanese fleet of at least 133. Yi died from a gunshot wound at the Battle of Noryang, the last major battle of the Imjin War, on December 16, 1598.

Yi is regarded as one of the greatest naval commanders in history, with commentators praising his strategic vision, intelligence, innovations, and personality (see military evaluation). He is one of the most renowned historical figures in Korea, with multiple landmarks, awards, and towns named after him, as well as numerous films and documentaries centered on his exploits. His seven-year personal records of the war, collectively known as the Nanjung Ilgi, are listed as part of UNESCO's Memory of the World initiative.

Early life

Yi was born in Geoncheon-dong street (건천동; 乾川洞), Hanseong (present-day Inhyeon-dong, Jung District, Seoul). As a young boy, Yi played war games with other local boys, showing excellent leadership talent at an early age, and constructed his bow and fletched his own arrows as a teenager. He spent his adolescence and early adulthood years before passing the military examination in Asan, where his mother's relatives lived.

His family was part of the Deoksu Yi clan. His grandfather Yi Baek-rok (이백록; 李百祿), a former politician, retired when neo-Confucian reformer Jo Gwang-jo was executed in the Third Literati Purge of 1519 and moved to a village near where Jo was buried. Yi Sun-sin's father Yi Jeong (이정; 李貞) was likewise disillusioned with politics and did not enter government service as expected of a yangban (noble) family. It was a consistent belief among many Korean historians that Yi Sun-sin had a difficult childhood because of his family's connections with Jo Gwang-jo (as depicted in the KBS TV series Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin). However, recent studies suggest that this was not true, and Yi's family did not face any political persecution.

One of the most important events of his early life was when Yi met and became friends with Ryu Seong-ryong, a prominent scholar who held the key official position of Dochaechalsa (도체찰사; 都體察使), and was in command of the military during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).

Military career

In 1576, Yi passed the military examination (무과; 武科). He is said to have impressed the judges with his archery, but failed to pass the test when he broke a leg during the cavalry section. After he re-entered and passed the examination, he was posted to the Bukbyeong (Northern Frontier Army) military district in Hamgyeong province. However, he was the oldest junior officer at the age of thirty-two. There, Yi experienced battles defending the border settlements against the Jurchen marauders and quickly became known for his strategic skills and leadership.

In 1583, he lured the Jurchen into battle, defeated the marauders, and captured their chief, Mu Pai Nai. According to a contemporary tradition, Yi then spent three years out of the army upon hearing of his father's death. After his return to the front line, Yi led a string of successful campaigns against the Jurchen.

However, his brilliance and accomplishments so soon in his career made his superiors jealous, and they falsely accused him of desertion during battle. The conspiracy was led by General Yi Il, who would later fail to repel the Japanese invasion at the Battle of Sangju. This tendency to sabotage and frame professional adversaries was very common in the later years of the Joseon military and government. Yi was stripped of his rank, imprisoned, and tortured. After his release, Yi was allowed to fight as an enlisted soldier. After a short period of time, however, he was appointed as the commander of the Seoul Hunryeonwon (a military training center) and was later transferred to a small county, to be its military magistrate.

Yi's efforts in northern Korea were rewarded when he was assigned as Commander of the Jeolla Province (전라 좌도; 全羅左道) Left Naval District. Within the span of a few months in late 1590, he received four military appointments, in rapid succession, with each subsequent post carrying greater responsibility than the last: Commander of the Kosarijin Garrison in Pyeongan province, Commander of the Manpo Garrison, also in Pyeongan province, and the Commander of the Wando Garrison, in Jeolla province, before finally receiving the appointment as Commander of the Left Jeolla Naval District.

The royal court was in a state of confusion over the possibility of a war with Japan, now unified under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and the unstable situation in Manchuria where a young Jurchen chieftain named Nurhaci was gathering strength. Nurhaci's descendants would become masters of China as founders of the Qing Dynasty in a few decades, after invading Korea in 1627 and 1637.

Yi assumed his new post at Yeosu on the 13th day of the 2nd lunar month of 1591 (March 13, 1591). From there, he was able to undertake a buildup of the regional navy, which was later used to confront the Japanese invasion force. He subsequently began to strengthen the province's navy with a series of reforms, including the construction of the turtle ship.

Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Main article: Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Yi is remembered for his numerous victories fighting the Japanese during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), also referred to as the Imjin War. Among his twenty-three victories, the Battle of Myeongnyang and the Battle of Hansan Island are the most famous battles.

In 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave the order to invade Korea and use it as a forward base to conquer Ming China. After the Japanese attacked Busan, Yi began his naval operations from his headquarters at Yeosu. Despite never having commanded a naval battle in his life, he won the Battle of Okpo, Battle of Sacheon, and several others in quick succession. His string of victories made the Japanese generals suddenly wary of the threat at sea. Yi never lost a battle during the Imjin War.

Four campaigns of 1592

Main article: Joseon naval campaigns of 1592

A Japanese invasion force landed at Busan and Dadaejin, port cities on the southern tip of Joseon. The Japanese, without meeting any naval resistance, quickly captured these ports and began a lightning march north. They reached Seoul in just nineteen days, on May 2, 1592, due to the military inefficiency of the Joseon army, especially at the Battle of Sangju and the failure to defend Joryeong Pass.

After capturing Hanseong and Pyongyang, the Japanese planned to cross the Yalu River into Chinese territory, and use the waters west of the Korean peninsula to supply the invasion. However, Yi Sun-sin was able to stay informed on all his enemy's activities.

First campaign

Second campaign

Third campaign

Fourth campaign

Aftermath of four campaigns of 1592

In 1593, Admiral Yi was appointed to command the combined navies of the three southern provinces with the title Naval Commander of the Three Provinces (삼도수군통제사; 三道水軍統制使) which gave him command over the Right and Left Navies of Jeolla province, the Right and Left Navies of Gyeongsang province, and the Navy of Chungcheong province.

Turtle Ships

Main article: Turtle Ship

One of Yi's greatest accomplishments was resurrecting and improving the turtle ship. With his creative mind and the support of his subordinates, Yi was able to devise the geobukseon, or Turtle Ship. Contrary to popular belief, the turtle ship was not actually invented by Admiral Yi; rather, he improved upon an older design that had been suggested during the reign of King Taejong.

The turtle ships designed by Yi held eleven cannons on each side of the ship, with two each at the stern and the bow. The ship's figurehead was in the shape of a dragon. The figurehead itself held up to four cannons, and emitted a smokescreen that, in combination with its fierce appearance, was meant to be used as psychological warfare. The sides of the turtle ship were dotted with smaller holes from which arrows, guns, and mortars could be fired. The roof was covered with planks and spikes. The purpose of the spikes was to prevent the ship from being boarded by the enemy. The larger Japanese ships' sides were higher than the turtle ships' and thus, the spikes prevented boarders from jumping down onto the roof without risking impalement. There were two masts that held two large sails. The turtle ship was also steered and powered by twenty oars, each of which were pulled by two men during fair conditions and five in foul seas or combat.

There is a continuing debate as to whether the turtle ship had two decks or three; historians still have no definitive answer. Whichever is the case, it is clear that the turtle ship employed multiple decks to separate the rowers from the combat compartment. This enabled the turtle ship to be very mobile since wind and manpower could be used simultaneously. Most support the argument of two decks since that was what was drawn out in the first and second designs of the turtle ships. Some historians maintain that, since Yi was a unique individual and often pursued innovative ideas (contrary to the established wisdom of his peers), it is possible that he had the turtle ship built with three decks. It is known that his flagship, a panokseon, had three decks during his campaigns, so there is support for the belief that the turtle ship had three decks.

Turtle ships were the most famous part of Admiral Yi's fleet; however, he never deployed more than five in any one battle. Joseon used cannons as its primary offensive naval weapon. Historically, they had often used guns and cannons against Japanese pirates as early as the 1390s. The Joseon navy did not implement the ship-boarding strategy that the Japanese navy did, so it was imperative that their warships "stand off" from Japanese vessels. Admiral Yi made it a strategic priority to avoid hand-to-hand combat, in which the Japanese navy specialized. The turtle ship was developed to support his tactic against Japanese fleets.

Turtle ships were first used in the 1592 Battle of Sacheon and were used in nearly every battle until the devastating Battle of Chilchonryang, when a Japanese double-agent plot nearly succeeded, resulting in every turtle ship and all but 13 panokseon being sunk. The turtle ships did not re-appear in battle until the Battle of Noryang.

Turtle ships were mostly used to spearhead attacks. They were best used in tight areas and around islands rather than the open sea.

Dismissal of Yi Sun-sin

One day, he told General Kim Gyeong-seo that the Japanese general Katō Kiyomasa would be coming on a certain date with a great fleet for another attack on the south shores and insisted that Admiral Yi be sent to lay an ambush. General Kim agreed and sent the message to Field Marshal Gwon Yul (권율; 權慄; 1537–1599), Commander-in-Chief (도원수; 導元帥) of the Joseon military, who, in turn, sent the message to King Seonjo. King Seonjo, who was desperate for victories to loosen the Japanese grip on his kingdom, gave permission for the attack. When General Kim gave Admiral Yi his orders, the admiral refused to carry them out, for he knew that the location given was studded with sunken rocks and was thus extremely dangerous. Admiral Yi also refused because he did not trust the words.

When General Kim informed the king of Admiral Yi's refusal, the admiral's enemies at court quickly insisted on his replacement by General Won Gyun, former commander of the Gyeongsang Province Western Fleet & Commander of the Jeolla Province Ground Forces. They advised that Admiral Yi be arrested.

As a result, in 1597, Yi was relieved of command, placed under arrest, and taken to Seoul in chains to be imprisoned and tortured. Yi was tortured almost to the point of death by using simple torture tactics such as whipping, flogging, burning, the cudgel, or even the classic technique of leg breaking torture. King Seonjo wanted to have Yi killed, but the admiral's supporters at court, chiefly the minister Jeong Tak (정탁; 鄭琢; 1526–1605), convinced the king to spare him due to his past service record. The prime minister, Yu Seong-ryong, who was Yi's childhood friend and his main supporter, remained silent during this deadly hour. Spared the death penalty, Admiral Yi was again demoted to the rank of a common infantry soldier under General Gwon Yul. This penalty was worse than death for Joseon generals at that time, since they lived by honor. However, Yi responded to this humiliation as a most obedient subject, quietly going about his work as if his rank and orders were appropriate. Despite his low rank, many officers treated him with respect, since they knew that the admiral did nothing wrong. Yi would stay under General Gwon Yul's command for a short while until Won Gyun's death at the Battle of Chilchonryang, which would lead to his reinstatement.

Joseon defeat at Chilchonryang and reinstatement of Admiral Yi

With Yi stripped of influence and negotiations breaking down in 1596, Hideyoshi again ordered an attack on Joseon. The second Japanese invasion landed in the first month of 1597 with a force of 140,000 men transported on 1000 ships. In response, Ming China sent thousands of reinforcements to aid Joseon. With the help of the Ming, the Joseon army was able to halt the Japanese offensive and push it back during the winter of 1597, before the Japanese were able to reach the Joseon capitol of Hanseong.

On the high seas, Yi's successor Won Gyun failed to respond to reports from his scouts and allowed the Japanese to land critical reinforcements at Sosang Harbor for their land offensive unopposed. Without adequate reconnaissance or planning, Won Gyun decided to attack with the entire naval force of Joseon at his disposal; a fleet consisting of 150 warships operated by 30,000 men that had been carefully assembled and trained by Admiral Yi. Won Gyun left anchor at Yeosu with the fleet and sailed into waters marked by treacherous rocks where the Japanese ambushed the Joseon fleet in the Battle of Chilchonryang on August 28, 1597. Ignorant of the strength and disposition of the enemy, Won was stunned to find a Japanese fleet of 500 to 1000 ships which immediately closed for melee combat, denying the Joseon ships the advantages of superior seamanship and cannon fire. The exhausted Joseon sailors were reduced to fighting boarding actions while heavily outnumbered and slaughtered en masse.

The Joseon fleet was decimated with only 13 warships surviving under Admiral Bae Seol, who fled before battle was fully engaged to save the warships under his command. After the destruction of the Joseon fleet, Won Gyun and Yi Eok-gi, another Joseon commander, fled to an island with a band of survivors but were killed by waiting Japanese soldiers from the nearby fort. When King Seonjo and the royal court learned of the catastrophic defeat, they hurriedly pardoned and reinstated Admiral Yi as commander of the greatly reduced Joseon fleet.

Battle of Myeongnyang

Final battle and Admiral Yi's death

Comrade Chen Lin

During the battle, Chen Lin and Yi were friends and allies who helped and rescued each other several times. When Chen Lin called for Admiral Yi to thank him for coming to his aid, he was met by Yi Wan, who announced that his uncle was dead. It is said that Chen himself was so shocked that he fell to the ground three times, beating his chest and crying. News of Admiral Yi's death spread quickly throughout the allied fleet and both Joseon and Ming sailors and fighting men wailed in grief. Chen Lin later reported the news of Yi's death to Wanli Emperor, where he bestowed gifts and eulogies on Chen and Yi. Since then, Yi and Chen were memorialized as national heroes in Korea. Chen's descendants were later welcomed back to Korea to start the Gwangdong Jin clan, because of Chen Lin's contributions in defeating the Japanese and his camaraderie with Yi Sunsin.

Admiral Yi's body was brought back to his hometown in Asan to be buried next to his father, Yi Jeong (in accordance to Korean tradition). Shrines, both official and unofficial, were constructed in his honor all throughout the land."

Legacy

Military evaluation

Some say Yi is an exemplar of conduct for both Koreans and even Japanese.

Yi is often regarded as one of history's greatest naval leaders. Some military historians like Joseph Cummins and George Alexander Ballard place Yi on par with Admiral Horatio Nelson. According to Ballard:

It is always difficult for Englishmen to admit that Nelson ever had an equal in his profession, but if any man is entitled to be so regarded, it should be this great naval commander of Asiatic race who never knew defeat and died in the presence of the enemy; of whose movements a track-chart might be compiled from the wrecks of hundreds of Japanese ships lying with their valiant crews at the bottom of the sea, off the coasts of the Korean peninsula... and it seems, in truth, no exaggeration to assert that from first to last he never made a mistake, for his work was so complete under each variety of circumstances as to defy criticism... His whole career might be summarized by saying that, although he had no lessons from history to serve as a guide, he waged war on the sea as it should be waged if it is to produce definite results, and ended by making the supreme sacrifice of a defender of his country. (The Influence of the Sea on The Political History of Japan, pp. 66–67.)

Admiral Togo regarded Admiral Yi as his superior. At a party held in his honor, Togo took exception to a speech comparing him to Lord Nelson and Yi Sun-sin.

It may be proper to compare me with Nelson, but not with Korea's Yi Sun-sin, for he has no equal. (The Imjin War, by Samuel Hawley, pg. 490)

Prior to the 1905 Battle of Tsushima, Lieutenant Commander Kawada Isao recalled in his memoirs that:

...naturally we could not help but remind ourselves of Korea's Yi Sun-sin, the world's first sea commander, whose superlative personality, strategy, invention, commanding ability, intelligence, and courage were all worthy of our admiration. (The Imjin War, by Samuel Hawley, pg. 490)

Admiral Tetsutaro Sato of the Imperial Japanese Navy mentioned the Korean admiral in his book published in 1908:

Throughout history there have been few generals accomplished at the tactics of frontal attack, sudden attack, concentration and dilation. Napoleon, who mastered the art of conquering the part with the whole, can be held to have been such a general, and among admirals, two further tactical geniuses may be named: in the East, Yi Sun-sin of Korea, and in the West, Horatio Nelson of England. Undoubtedly, Yi is a supreme naval commander even on the basis of the limited literature of the Seven-Year War, and despite the fact that his bravery and brilliance are not known to the West, since he had the misfortune to be born in Joseon period. Anyone who can be compared to Yi should be better than Michiel de Ruyter from Netherlands. Nelson is far behind Yi in terms of personal character and integrity. Yi was the inventor of the covered warship known as the turtle ship. He was a truly great commander and a master of the naval tactics of three hundred years ago. – A Military History of the Empire (Japanese: 帝國國防史論), p. 399

Titles and honors

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Although the Korean royal court often ignored his successes during his life, after his death various honors were bestowed upon him, including the title of Chungmugong (충무공; 忠武公; Duke of Loyalty and Warfare), an enrollment as a Seonmu Ildeung Gongsin (선무일등공신; 宣武一等功臣; First-class military order of merit during the reign of Seonjo), and two posthumous offices, Yeonguijeong (영의정; 領議政; Prime Minister), and the Deokpung Buwongun (덕풍부원군; 德豊府院君; The Prince of the Court from Deokpung). His title of Samdo Sugun Tongjesa [ko]), lit. 'Naval Commander of the Three Provinces', was the title used for the commander of the Korean navy until 1896. Admiral Yi's posthumous title, Chungmugong, is used as South Korea's third highest military honor, known as The Cordon of Chungmu of the Order of Military Merit and Valor. He was posthumously granted the title of Prince of Deokpung (Chungmuro [ko]). In North Korea, the military awards the Order of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin (이순신장군훈장) to flag officers and naval commanders for outstanding leadership.

Relics

三尺誓天山河動色
(I swear to heaven with the sword, the mountains and rivers tremble.)

一揮掃蕩血染山河
(With one swing, it sweeps away, the blood stains the mountains.)

- Inscribed poem of each sword

Janggeom (장검) is a pair of Japanese sword made by Japanese swordsmith captured by Yi Sun-sin. Those were designated as Treasure No. 326-1 in 1963 and promoted to a National Treasure of South Korea on August 24, 2023. Those are currently on display at Hyeonchungsa Shrine [ko]. The reason why the swords were created was Yi Sun-sin captured Japanese swordsmiths during the Imjin War and had them make two swords to confirm their claim that they were swordsmiths.

Janggeom have great historical value because those have a convergent international design. The swords' material are closer to that of Hwando than Katana, but since those are about 2m long, it resembles Odachi and very different from the Hwando, which rarely have a blade length greater than 1.5m. The guard and handle decoration are in the style of a Katana, and the fishtail-shaped hilt is in the Ming dynasty style. After the sword was completed, Yi Sun-sin inscribed his own poem on the each sword's blade.

Public reception and fame

Joseon government

Admiral Yi repeatedly defeated the Japanese invasion force in battle, while preserving the lives of his soldiers and respecting their families. Yi was supported by the people of Joseon not only for his victories, but his kindness and gratitude towards those affected by the hardships of war. They had great faith in Admiral Yi and he was regarded as more than just an admiral.

By contrast, King Seonjo accomplished nothing. The Joseon period's king had failed to defend the kingdom and his cowardly flight to Uiju left his reputation in ruins. The Joseon government was plagued by factionalism driven by jealousy; the ministers despised the successful and virtuous admiral, and manipulated King Seonjo to view Admiral Yi as a potential traitor. It is plausible to believe that King Seonjo and his court truly feared Admiral Yi's victories and reputation amongst the people as the foundations for a revolt leading King Seonjo to have him arrested and tortured. Defended by his loyal friend, Prime Minister Yu Seong-ryong, Admiral Yi was spared execution twice. The conspiracies worked against Admiral Yi from gaining the men, materiel, and operational freedom to decisively destroy the Japanese invasion force.

It should also be noted that according to a recent Choson Ilbo article, historians have discovered written government records of the Joseon government's reaction to Admiral Yi's death. The records show that King Seonjo expressed a "blank expression", offering no signs of sadness or shock. Nearly all awards to Admiral Yi and his deeds were awarded posthumously.

In South Korea

Yi is widely renowned in modern-day South Korea as the greatest general in Korean history. In a 2019 poll by Gallup Korea, Yi Sun-sin was chosen as the most respected person among South Koreans, winning 14% of the vote. Sejong the Great came in second with 11% of all votes.

Prominent statues of Admiral Yi have been erected in the middle of Sejongno in central Seoul (the Statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin) and at Busan Tower in Busan. The city of Chungmu on the southern coast of Korea, now renamed Tongyeong, is named in honor of his posthumous title and the site of his headquarters. Additionally, a street in downtown Seoul is named after him, and the Yi Sun-sin Bridge was built near Yeosu and opened to traffic on May 10, 2012, becoming the longest suspension bridge in Korea.

South Korean 100 Won 1970 Silver Coin in Commemoration of Admiral Sun-sin Yi

South Korea's KDX-II naval destroyer class, and the first commissioned ship of the class, are named Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin.

A shrine dedicated to Yi now stands in Asan, where he spent his adolescence years.

An ITF-style Taekwondo pattern is named after Yi's posthumous name of Chungmu.

A depiction of Admiral Yi is featured on the front of the 100 South Korean won coin.

In North Korea

In modern-day North Korea, Yi is honored as a patriot and a hero just like the South. However, as Yi was born into a yangban family, his actions are attributed to Joseon and its class systems. Thus, compared to the South, his legacy is relatively depreciated as a struggle to protect the "feudalist throne" and the yangban landlord class.

Cultural depictions

Film and television

Yi's life has been depicted in two motion pictures entitled Seong-ung Yi Sun-sin ("The Saintly Hero Yi Sun-sin"). The first is a 1962 black-and-white movie, and the second, based upon his war diaries, was made in color in 1971.

A 2005 Korean film, Heaven's Soldiers directed by Min Joon-ki, portrayed a young Yi Sun-sin fighting the Jurchen tribes, along with local villagers and North and South Korean soldiers who traveled in time, from 2005 to 1572, with Halley's Comet. Unusually, the film presented Yi as a cunning, slightly eccentric young man, rather than a distinguished austere hero, a couple of decades before Imjin war. Some historical events were also distorted: most notably Yi's campaign against the Jurchens, which did not happen in 1572 but a few years later, after his 1576 military examination. The film, financed with a comfortable budget by Korean standards ($7–8 million), was a relative commercial success in 2005. The film's theme clearly uses the figure of Yi, venerated as a hero in both parts of present-day Korea, to plead for Korean reunification.

From September 4, 2004, to August 28, 2005, a 104-episode drama series was aired on KBS. The show, titled Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin, dealt mostly with the events related to the Japanese invasions of Korea, as well as the life of the admiral. It became a popular drama in China and was re-aired in certain ethnic channels in the United States as well. The drama was criticized for the many artistic licenses taken, such as depicting Yi as weak and lonely in his early life and taking liberties with the events surrounding his death. On the other hand, many people complimented the way the drama portrayed him with a more human touch. It described the admiral as a true man who had to overcome many dangers and difficulties quite frequently alone, not just a hero among the clouds. This drama was a heated topic at the time since it overlapped with rising tensions in the ongoing Liancourt Rocks dispute; the series further strained relations between South Korea and Japan in the issue's most recent outbreak.

Film director Kim Han-min created a film trilogy about battles led by Yi Sun-sin. The first film, The Admiral: Roaring Currents (2014) revolves around the events of the Battle of Myeongnyang and it became the most-watched film in South Korean history, attracting 17 million movie-goers. The second film Hansan: Rising Dragon (2022), is based on the Battle of Hansan Island. The third film Noryang: Deadly Sea (2023), depicts the Battle of Noryang.

Actors who have played Yi Sun-sin

Park Joong-hoon in the 2005 film Heaven's Soldiers.
Kim Myung-min in the 2004–2005 KBS1 TV series Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin.
Yoo Dong-geun in the 2013 MBC TV series Gu Family Book.
Choi Min-sik in the 2014 film The Admiral: Roaring Currents.
Park Hae-il in the 2022 film Hansan: Rising Dragon.
Kim Yoon-seok in the 2023 film Noryang: Deadly Sea.

Literature

Yi also inspired literary works. In 2001, Kim Hoon's first novel, Song of the Sword, was a commercial and critical success in South Korea. In his book, the journalist-turned-novelist describes that Yi deliberately stood at the front of his ship in his final battle making himself a target for Japanese gunmen, thinking that ending his life in this honorable fashion could be better than facing another political ploys which was likely to wait him in the Joseon royal court after the war. For this poetic first-person narrative written from Yi's perspective, he received the Dongin Literature Award, the most prestigious literary prize in the nation.

Comics

Yi appears as the titular protagonist of a history fiction graphic novel series, produced by Onrie Kompan Productions since 2009.

Video games

Yi Sun-Sin is a playable character in the video game Mobile Legends: Bang Bang.
A game scenario in which the player can assume Yi's role is featured in the Age of Empires II extension pack The Conquerors.
Yi Sun-Sin is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game Rise of Kingdoms.
A game campaign in which the player can assume Yi's role is featured in the Empires: Dawn of the Modern World.

Family

Father: Yi Jeong (이정; July 1511 – November 15, 1583), Internal Prince Deokyeon (덕연부원군; 德淵府院君)
Mother: Lady Byeon of the Chogye Byeon clan (정경부인 초계 변씨; 1515–1597)
Sibling(s):
- Older brother: Yi Hui-sin (이희신)
- Older brother: Yi Yo-sin (이요신)
- Younger brother: Yi Woo-sin (이우신)
Wives and issue(s):

Wife: Lady Bang of the Onyang Bang clan (정경부인 온양 방씨); Bang Jin (방진)'s daughter
1. Son: Yi Hoe (이회; 1567–1625)
2. Son: Yi Yeol (이열)
3. Son: Yi Myeon (이면; 1577–1597)
4. Daughter: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Hong Bi (홍비), Hong Ga-sin (홍가신)'s son
Concubine: Lady Oh of the Haeju Oh clan (해주 오씨)
1. Son: Yi Hun (이훈; b. 1569)
2. Son: Yi Sin (이신; b. 1574)
3. Daughter: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Im Jin (임진)
4. Daughter: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨); married Yun Hyo-jeon (윤효전)
Concubine: Lady Buandaek (부안댁) – No issue.

Footnotes

^ "The Jeolla Navy camp had two headquarters: Jeolla Left Navy and Jeolla Right Navy."

References

In Lunar Calendar, Yi was born the 8th day of the 3rd month, 1545, and died on the 19th day of the 11th month, 1598
Choi, Jin-Sup (최진섭), "충무공 해전 전적은 ‘23전 23승’ 아닌 ‘62전 62승’" (in Korean), The JoongAng, May 1. 2012
"Admiral Yi Sunsin: A brief overview of his life and achievements". Korean Spirit and Culture, Series I, Diamond Sutra Recitation Group.
"StartLogic". www.koreanhero.net. Archived from the original on June 20, 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2006.
Yi Sunsin, Nanjung ilgi, p. 314
^ Hawley, Samuel (2005). The Imjin War, Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China. Seoul: The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. p. 490. ISBN 978-89-954424-2-5.
"Nanjung Ilgi : War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin | Memory of the World". Cultural Heritage Administration. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
을파소. "Message" 이순신과 원균 바로보기(2)-이백록은 기묘사화의 피해자인가?. history21.egloos.com (in Korean). Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
Kim, Duk-su (김덕수), "이순신의 가문을 둘러싼 오해와 진실" (in Korean), jbnews(중부매일), April 12. 2012
^ Ma, Xinru; Kang, David C. (2024). Beyond Power Transitions: The Lessons of East Asian History and the Future of U.S.-China Relations. Columbia Studies in International Order and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-231-55597-5.
^ Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, pp. 90–1.
Strauss, Barry. p. 11
^ Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, pp. 90–92.
^ Strauss, Barry. p. 12
Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, p. 93.
^ Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, pp. 98–107.
^ Strauss, Barry. p. 13
^ Strauss, Barry. p. 14
"Items From The Sea Recall An Epic Battle". Archaeology News Network. December 11, 2012. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2019. The Jeolla Navy camp had two headquarters: Jeolla Left Navy and Jeolla Right Navy.
Hawley, Samuel: The Imjin War. Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China, The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Seoul 2005, ISBN 89-954424-2-5, pp. 195f.
War Diary (亂中日記), the autobiographical diary of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin
Yi Sun-sin, Nanjung ilgi, p. 315
Hawley (2005), p. 552
^ Hawley (2005), p. 553
Choi (2002), p. 213
^ Ha (1979), p. 237
Hawley (2005), pp. 549–550
^ Choi (2002), p. 222
Hawley (2005), p. 555
Hawley (2005), p. 557
The Influence of the Sea on The Political History of Japan (1921), Admiral George Alexander Ballard, ISBN 0-8371-5435-9
Cummins, Joseph (2008). The War Chronicles: From Chariots to Flintlocks. Fair Winds. p. 275. ISBN 978-1616734039. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
^ 국가유산청. Cultural Heritage Administration.
국가유산청 현충사 관리소. hcs.cha.go.kr.
길이가 무려 197.5센티미터로 어른 키보다 훨씬 큰 두 자루 칼이다. https://hcs.cha.go.kr/html/HtmlPage.do?pg=/n_hcs/library/library0302.jsp&mn=HCS_03_03_02&num=0401
환도는 예도의 일종으로 허리에 차는 칼로서, 전체 길이는 1m 정도이다. https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0064978
"Yi Sun-sin". yisunsinkr.prkorea.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
광화문 충무공 이순신장군상. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
사이버 외교사절단 반크 – 한국을 세계에 알리며 지구촌을 변화시켜나갑니다!. www.prkorea.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
한국인이 좋아하는 40가지 - 스포츠선수/가수/탤런트/영화배우/예능방송인·코미디언/소설가/역대대통령/기업인/존경하는인물 (2004-2019), (in Korean), Gallup Korea(한국갤럽), polled May 25. 2019
Lee, Kyu-sang, ⑦이순신 장군에 대한 남북의 평가 (in Korean), Radio Free Asia(자유아시아방송), March 23. 2010,
"Hero Intro". Mobile Legends Bang Bang. Shanghai Moonton Technology Co., Ltd. (Moonton). Archived from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.

External links

Scholia has a topic profile for Q50184.

(in Korean) Research Institute of Yi Sun-sin – Institute of Soon Chun Hyang University
Chungmugong Yi Sun-Sin – Gyeongsangnam-do Tourism Office's official Yi Sun-sin site
The Great Admiral Yi Sun-Sin Archived April 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine – Asan city's official Yi Sun-sin site
Hyeonchungsa Shrine Management Office
Yi Sun-sin: the man who transforms Korea Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine – VANK's Yi Sun-sin project site
Admiral Yi Sun-sin – A Korean Hero
Yi Sun-sin Archived January 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

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