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Yoshimi Goda

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Japanese civil engineer (1935–2012)

Yoshimi Goda
Goda in Hamburg, 2008
Born(1935-02-24)24 February 1935
Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Died19 January 2012(2012-01-19) (aged 76)
Alma mater
Known for
  • Goda's formula for wave pressure
  • Random seas and design of maritime structures
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisStudy on wave pressure acting on breakwaters (1976)

Yoshimi Goda (Japanese: 合田 良実, Hepburn: Gōda Yoshimi, 24 February 1935 – 19 January 2012) was a Japanese civil engineer who made significant contributions to coastal engineering in Japan and internationally. He undertook a large volume of research on coastal engineering problems, and developed methods for the design of monolithic breakwaters.

Prior to the 1950s, the concept of the significant wave (Hs), was the fundamental tool used to analyse wave behaviour, in terms of interaction with beaches and coastal engineering structures. Goda was instrumental in the move to characterise the behaviour of sea waves as a stochastic process, involving spectral and statistical analysis, which began to be gradually incorporated into coastal engineering during the 1970s and 1980s.

The random wave concept is now used extensively in the engineering of maritime structures, and Goda's wave pressure formula, a design method for vertical breakwaters based on a quasi-static approach, is named for him and used worldwide.

Life and career

This graph shows some results from laboratory experiments in 1975 by Goda, in collaboration with Kishira and Kamiyama, on wave overtopping. Goda subjected scale model vertical sea walls to overtopping. The graph shows how an increased water depth in front of the structure results in a higher volume of overtopping, whilst increasing the crest height reduces it. In these graphs, the overtopping is a function of water depth and wave period, however current practice in the EurOtop Manual is to use the wave height. Goda's findings are however equally valid, and Hendrik Lorentz found similar results during measurements for the Zuiderzee Works in the 1920s.

Goda was born in Sapporo in 1935, the son of Ichiji and Umeno Goda (née Tanaka). After graduating in Civil Engineering from The University of Tokyo in 1957, he joined the Port and Harbour Research Institute (PHRI) of the Japanese Ministry of Transport. In 1961, he was selected as part of a Japanese government initiative to conduct hydraulic and coastal research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States, under the guidance of Professor Arthur T. Ippen. His research at MIT focused on the theoretical analysis of resonance in harbours.

In May 1967, he became Head of the PHRI Wave Research Department, and received a doctorate in engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1976, publishing a Ph.D. thesis entitled Study of wave pressure acting on breakwaters. He remained at the PHRI during this time, becoming Director General in 1986. In 1988, he left the PHRI and took up an appointment as professor at Yokohama National University, a position in which he remained until retiring in 2000, although he continued to be actively involved with the institution as Professor Emeritus after this date, undertaking research and publishing frequently.

Throughout his career, he made significant contributions to the field of coastal engineering. His most notable work includes the development of a formula for wave pressure. He also conducted insightful analysis of random wave transformations, and undertook comprehensive studies on the statistical properties of random seas. These discoveries were incorporated into Japanese standards for designing port and harbour facilities. He published the book Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures which detailed the concept of random wave processes, stochastic wave processes, and spectral behaviour to students and practitioners.

In a 1999 paper, Goda demonstrated that the way waves decrease in energy as they move in shallow water can be predicted using his model of how waves randomly break. He compared different methods of predicting how waves spread out and move in different directions, showing how these methods are related, and provided a clear picture of wave patterns.

Other significant areas of research by Goda included work on the estimation of sediment transport in multi-directional wave fields, the characteristics and behaviour of waves and currents around reef systems, and the energy transformation processes associated with irregular waves.

Goda also undertook research, published and lectured internationally, attending several international conferences including the International Conference on Coastal Engineering. He was chair of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers' Coastal Engineering Committee conference in 1991, held at Kanazawa, and the 1992 conference in Okinawa.

In 2007, he gave a keynote lecture at the 9th International Summer Symposium of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers in Yokohama, and delivered the keynote lecture entitled Coastal Protection Planning against Sea Level Rise at the 9th International Conference on Coasts, Ports, and Marine Structures (ICOMPAS) in Tehran in 2010.

Amongst the many awards and honours Goda received in his career were the American Society of Civil Engineers International Coastal Engineering Award (1989), the Japan Society of Civil Engineers Publication Award (1997) and Achievement Award (2003), and the Order of the Sacred Treasure (2006). Goda married Toshiko Fukuda in 1959, and the couple had five children.

Research and publications

Goda undertook research throughout his career and published widely on coastal engineering topics, including the use of statistical analysis to formulate design wave heights, wave overtopping, and monolithic breakwaters. Along with publishing in a variety of Japanese and international journals, he served as the honorary editor of the Coastal Engineering Journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers.

In 1977, he published the engineering textbook Wave-resistant engineering: Wave-resistant design of harbours and coastal structures, which proved popular with coastal engineering students, and was subsequently published in English translation (as Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures) in 1985, with second and third editions published in 2000 and 2010.

He published Introduction to Civil Engineering and Civilization History in 2001, a book aimed at providing a historical overview of the relationship between civil engineering and civilisation. In 2003, he published a set of workable formulas for simplified wind-wave prediction, based on previous work by the South African engineer Basil Wrigley Wilson and other Japanese researchers, to be utilised by engineers for preliminary design work.

In 2012, shortly before his death, he published the book Coastal Engineering: Its birth and development, his attempt to summarise developments in coastal engineering from 1950, both in Japan and internationally. Goda had previously published work on similar historical themes, including a paper in 1999 in which he analysed the historical development of the mathematical theory of waves, and traced the development of coastal engineering from Leonardo da Vinci up to the present day.

The Goda Library

The Hydraulic Laboratory building at the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI) in Yokosuka includes the Goda Library, which houses a collection of Goda's books, magazines, and written works. The collection includes materials reflecting his research life, such as research notes and diaries with personal annotations. The library is open to visitors, but does not offer lending services.

Selected bibliography

A selection of books published by Goda are given below, along with many of the papers he authored, or co-authored.

Books

  • Goda, Y. (2010). Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures. World Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-981-4282-39-0. Link.
  • Goda, Y. (2008). 耐波工学 港湾・海岸構造物の耐波設計 (Wave-Resistant Engineering: Design of Wave-Resistant Port and Coastal Structures). Kajima Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN 978-430-6023-99-4. Link.
  • Goda, Y. (2001). 土木文明史概論 (An Overview of Civil Engineering Civilisation). Kajima Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN 978-4306-022-35-5. Link.
  • Goda, Y. (1998). 海岸・港湾 (Coast and Harbour). Shokokusha Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN 978-4395-410-67-5. Link.

Published papers

  • Goda, Y. (2013). 'Empirical Formulation of Sediment Pickup Rate in Terms of Wave Energy Flux Dissipation Rate'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 55(4), 1350012-1-1350012-17. (Published posthumously).
  • Goda, Y. (2011). 'Plotting-Position Estimator for the L-Moment Method and Quantile Confidence Interval for the GEV, GPA, and Weibull Distributions Applied for Extreme Wave Analysis'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 53(2), 111-149.
  • Goda, Y. (2011). 'Inherent Negative Bias of Quantile Estimates of Annual Maximum Data Due to Sample Size Effect: A Numerical Simulation Study'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 53(4), 397-429.
  • Goda, Y. (2011). 'A Note on Sample Skewness of Asymmetric Distribution'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 53(4), 567-576.
  • Goda, Y. (2010). 'Reanalysis of Regular and Random Breaking Wave Statistics'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 52(1), 71-106.
  • Goda, Y. (2008). 'Wave Setup and Longshore Currents Induced by Directional Spectral Waves: Prediction Formulas Based on Numerical Computation Results'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 50(4), 397-440.
  • Goda, Y., and Kudaka, M. (2007). 'On the Role of Spectral Width and Shape Parameters in Control of Individual Wave Height Distribution'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 49(3), 311-335.
  • Goda, Y. (2004). 'A 2-D Random Wave Transformation Model with Gradational Breaker Index'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 46(1), 1-38.
  • Goda, Y. (2001). 'Performance-Based Design of Caisson Breakwaters with New Approach to Extreme Wave Statistics'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 43(4), 289-316.
  • Goda, Y., and Takagi, H. (2000). 'A Reliability Design Method of Caisson Breakwaters with Optimal Wave Heights'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 42(4), 357-387.
  • Goda, Y. (1999). 'A Comparative Review on the Functional Forms of Directional Wave Spectrum'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 41(1), 1-20.
  • Goda, Y. (1998). 'An Overview of Coastal Engineering with Emphasis on Random Wave Approach'. Coastal Engineering Journal, 40(1), 1-21.
  • Goda, Y. (1997). 'Book review / Analyse bibliographique'. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 35(3), 431-431.
  • Mathiesen, M., Goda, Y., Hawkes, P. J., Mansard, E., Martín, M. J., Peltier, E., Thompson, E. F., and Van Vledder, G. (1994). 'Recommended practice for extreme wave analysis'. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 32(6), 803-814.
  • Kittitanasuan, W., Goda, Y., and Shiobara, T. (1993). 'Deformation of Nonlinear Waves on a Rectangular Step'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 36(2), 133-153.
  • Goda, Y., and Watanabe, N. (1991). 'A Longshore Current Formula for Random Breaking Waves'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 34(2), 159-175.
  • Goda, Y. (1988). 'Statistical Variability of Sea State Parameters as a Function of Wave Spectrum'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 31(1), 39-52.
  • Goda, Y. (1986). 'Effect of Wave Tilting on Zero-Crossing Wave Heights and Periods'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 29(1), 79-90.
  • Ojima, R., Suzumura, S., and Goda, Y. (1984). 'Theory and Experiments on Extractable Wave Power by an Oscillating Water-Column Type Breakwater Caisson'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 27(1), 315-326.
  • Goda, Y. (1975). 'Irregular Wave Deformation in the Surf Zone'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 18(1), 13-26.
  • Goda, Y. (1973). 'Wave Forces on Circular Cylinders Erected Upon Reefs'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 16(1), 137-146.
  • Takayama, T., and Goda, Y. (1973). 'Wave Forces on a Semi-Submerged Vertical Cylinder of Elliptical Shape'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 16(1), 147-164.
  • Goda, Y. (1972). 'Experiments on the Transition from Nonbreaking to Postbreaking Wave Pressures'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 15(1), 81-90.
  • Goda, Y. (1971). 'Expected Rate of Irregular Wave Overtopping of Seawalls'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 14(1), 43-51.
  • Goda, Y. (1967). 'The Fourth Order Approximation to the Pressure of Standing Waves'. Coastal Engineering in Japan, 10(1), 1-11.

References

  1. "【おくやみ】合田良実氏（元港湾技術研究所所長、横浜国立大学名誉教授）" [Condolences: Mr. Yoshimi Goda (Former Director of Port and Harbour Research Institute, Honorary Professor at Yokohama National University)]. Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (in Japanese). 24 January 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  2. ^ Mizutani, N. (2012). "Obituary: Yoshimi Goda". Coastal Engineering Journal. 54 (1). doi:10.1142/S0578563412010012. ISSN 2166-4250. S2CID 218526571. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  3. ^ Vis, C.L. (1995). "Design of Caisson breakwaters: An evaluation of the formula of Goda". MSC Thesis. Delft: Delft University of Technology. Retrieved 5 July 2023 – via TU Delft Repository.
  4. Goda, Y. (2008). "Overview on the applications of random wave concept in coastal engineering". Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B. 84 (9): 374–385. Bibcode:2008PJAB...84..374G. doi:10.2183/pjab.84.374. ISSN 0386-2208. PMC 3721201. PMID 18997449. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  5. Tryggvadóttir, B.; Sigurdarson, S.; Gíslason, F.; Sveinbjornsson, P.I.; Hrafnkelsson, B. (2023). "Flood Risk Assessment for the Coastal Village of Vík, South Coast of Iceland". Coasts, Marine Structures and Breakwaters 2023: Resilience and adaptability in a changing climate. Emerald Publishing Limited: 1165–1180. doi:10.1680/cmsb.67042.1165. ISBN 978-0-7277-6704-2 – via Institution of Civil Engineers Virtual Library.
  6. Goda, Y.; Kishira, Y.; Kamiyama, Y. (1975). "Laboratory investigation on the overtopping rate of seawalls by irregular waves". Report of the Port and Harbour Research Institute. 14 (4). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. van der Meer, J. W.; Allsop, N. W. H.; Bruce, T.; De Rouck, Julien; Kortenhaus, Andreas; Pullen, T.; Schüttrumpf, H.; Troch, Peter; Zanuttigh, B. (2016). EurOtop: Manual on wave overtopping of sea defences and related sturctures : an overtopping manual largely based on European research, but for worldwide application [sic]. hdl:1854/LU-8506110. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  8. Lorentz, H.A.; Wortman, H.; van Everdingen, E.; Stoel, W.F.; Behrens, W.K.; de Blocq van Kuffeler, V.J.P.; Du Croix, W.K.; Gallé, P.H.; Gelinck, W.G.C.; Gockinga, R.H.; Kooper, J.; Lely, C.W.; Lumme, J.L.H.; Mansholt, L.H.; Mazure, J.P.; de Muralt, R.R.L.; de Nerée Tot Babberich, L.M.; Phaff, J.M.; Reigersman, C.J.A.; Thijsse, J.Th.; van der Stok, J.P.; van Loon, A.R.; van Vlissingen, J.P.; de Vries, J.J.; Wijtenhorst, J.P.; Wouda, D.F. (1926). "Verslag van de commissie Lorentz (gevolgen afsluiting Zuiderzee op het getij)" [Report of the Lorentz Committee (Effects of the closure of the Zuiderzee on the tide)]. Verslag van de Commissie Lorentz (in Dutch). The Hague: Staatsdrukkerij en -uitgeverijbedrijf. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  9. ^ Takayama, T.; Takahashi, S.; Mase, H (2012). "In Memoriam: Yoshimi Goda". Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 138 (6): 423–424. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000173. ISSN 0733-950X.
  10. Ippen, A.T.; Goda, Y. (1963). "Wave induced oscillations in harbors: The solution for a rectangular harbor connected to the open-sea". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/142984. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  11. Harleman, D.R.F.; Goda, Y. (1962). "Control Structures in Stratified Flows". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/142988. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  12. ^ Goda, Y. (1976). "学位論文要旨詳細" [Study on wave pressure acting on breakwaters (PhD Thesis - Abstract)]. gakui.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp (in Japanese). Tokyo: University of Tokyo. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  13. ^ Goda, Yoshimi (2010). Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4282-39-0.
  14. Goda, Y (2006). "Computation of Setup and Longshore Currents by Directional Spectral Waves". Coastal Dynamics. American Society of Civil Engineers: 1–13. doi:10.1061/40855(214)30. ISBN 978-0-7844-0855-1. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  15. Goda, Y. (2004). "Spread Parameter of Extreme Wave Height Distribution for Performance-Based Design of Maritime Structures". Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 130 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:1(29). ISSN 0733-950X. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  16. Goda, Y. (2012). "Design wave height selection in intermediate-depth waters". Coastal Engineering. 66: 3–7. Bibcode:2012CoasE..66....3G. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.03.005. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  17. Wiebe, D.M.; Park, H.; Cox, D.T. (2014). "Application of the Goda pressure formulae for horizontal wave loads on elevated structures". KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 18 (6): 1573–1579. doi:10.1007/s12205-014-0175-1. ISSN 1226-7988. S2CID 255531059. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  18. ^ Goda, Y. (1999). "A Comparative Review on the Functional Forms of Directional Wave Spectrum". Coastal Engineering Journal. 41 (1): 1–20. Bibcode:1999CEngJ..41....1G. doi:10.1142/S0578563499000024. ISSN 2166-4250. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  19. Goda, Y. (1988). "Statistical Variability of Sea State Parameters as a Function of Wave Spectrum". Coastal Engineering in Japan. 31 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1080/05785634.1988.11924482. ISSN 0578-5634. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  20. Goda, Y.; Okayasu, A.; Shibayama, T. (1995). "Characteristics of Wave and Current Field around a Longitudinal Reef System". KAKEN. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  21. Goda, Y.; Okayasu, A.; Sato, S.; Shibayama, T. (1989). "多方向不規則波浪場における漂砂量の推定法に関する研究" [Research on Estimation Methods for Sediment Transport in Multi-directional Irregular Wave Fields]. KAKEN (in Japanese). Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  22. Goda, Y.; Okayashu, A.; Sato, S.; Shibayama, T. (1991). "任意断面地形上の砕波帯における不規則波浪のエルネギ-変換過程" [Energy Transformation Process of Irregular Waves in the Breaking Zone on an Arbitrary Cross-Sectional Terrain]. KAKEN (in Japanese). Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  23. ^ Goda, Y. (1992). "The Design and Reliability of Coastal Structures: Design of Upright Breakwaters". 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Venice, Italy. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  24. "Preface: 38th JSCE Conference on Coastal Engineering". JSCE Coastal Engineering Committee (in Japanese). 1991. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  25. "Preface: 39th JSCE Conference on Coastal Engineering". JSCE Coastal Engineering Committee (in Japanese). 1991. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
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  30. ^ Goda, Y. (2008). 耐波工学 港湾・海岸構造物の耐波設計 [Wave-resistant engineering: Wave-resistant design of harbours and coastal structures] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Publishing. ISBN 978-4306023994. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  31. Goda, Y. (1988). "On the Methodology of Selecting Design Wave Height". Coastal Engineering Proceedings. 1 (21). Coastal Engineering Research Council: 67. doi:10.9753/icce.v21.67. ISSN 2156-1028. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  32. Goda, Y.; Kishira, Y.; Kamiyama, Y. (1975). "Laboratory investigation on the overtopping rate of seawalls by irregular waves". Report of the Port and Harbour Research Institute. 14 (4). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  33. "合田 良實 論文一覧 発表論文リスト 株式会社エコー" [Yoshimi Goda: List of publications]. ECOH Consulting Engineers: List of publications by Yoshimi Goda (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 July 2023.
  34. Goda, Y.; Yoshimura, T. (1971). "海中に孤立した巨大構造物に働く波力の計算" [Calculation of Wave Forces Acting on Isolated Large Structures in the Sea]. Port and Airport Research Institute Reports, Japan (in Japanese). 10 (4): 3–52. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  35. Goda, Y.; Suzuki, Y. (1975). "光易型方向スぺクトルによる不規則波の屈折" [Refraction and Diffraction Calculations of Irregular Waves by Koshi Easy Type Direction Spectrum]. Port and Airport Research Institute Reports, Japan (in Japanese) (230).
  36. "Editorial Board of Coastal Engineering Journal 2012 – 土木学会海岸工学委員会". Japan Society of Civil Engineers Coastal Engineering Committee (coastal.jp) (in Japanese and English). Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  37. Goda, Y. (1996). "Wave Damping Characteristics of Longitudinal Reef System". In Clifford, J.E. (ed.). Advances in coastal structures and breakwaters. Thomas Telford Publishing. pp. 198–203. doi:10.1680/aicsab.25097.0018. ISBN 978-0-7277-4556-9.
  38. Goda, Y. (2001). 土木文明史概論 [Introduction to Civil Engineering and Civilisation History] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Publishing. ISBN 978-4-306-02235-5. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
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  43. Goda, Y. (2003). "Revisiting Wilson's Formulas for Simplified Wind-Wave Prediction". Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 129 (2): 93–95. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:2(93). ISSN 0733-950X. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  44. Goda, Y. (2012). 海岸工学 ―その誕生と発展― [Coastal Engineering: Its Birth and Development] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Gihodo Publishing. ISBN 978-4765516846. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  45. Goda, Y. (1999). 「波動問題」の歴史的変遷 [On the Historical Development of the Mathematical Theory of Water Waves] (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  46. Goda, Y. (1999). "On the Historical Development of the Mathematical Theory of Water Waves". 35th Summer Training Course Lecture Collection, Japan Society of Civil Engineers Coastal Engineering Committee. Translated by McParland, D. Retrieved 14 July 2023 – via TU Delft Repository.
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  48. ""合田文庫" - 港湾空港技術研究所" [The Goda Library: Port and Airport Research Institute]. 港湾空港技術研究所 (in Japanese). Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  49. Watanabe, Y.; Koshimura, S.; Mizutani, N.; Sasaki, J. (2013). "Introduction of Memorial Paper". Coastal Engineering Journal. 55 (4): 1303001–1–1303001-1. Bibcode:2013CEngJ..5503001W. doi:10.1142/S0578563413030010. ISSN 2166-4250. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
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