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Yuri Aleksandrovich Meshkov (Ukrainian: Юрій Олександрович Мєшков, Yuriy Oleksandrovych Meshkov, Russian: Юрий Александрович Мешков; October 25, 1945 – September 29, 2019) was a Ukrainian politician and leader of the pro-Russian movement in Crimea. He served as the only President of Crimea from 1994 to 1995.

However, eleven days after his return to Crimea in 2011, which was his first visit since 1995, Meshkov was deported from Ukraine on July 13, 2011, with a five-year restriction on his entry.

Biography

Yuri Meshkov was born on October 25, 1945, in Synelnykove, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (now Ukraine). His mother was Ukrainian-born, and his father was a native Kuban Cossack Russian. He grew up in Simferopol, where he completed his high school education. When he was about eight years old, Crimea was officially transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.

According to an opinion column in the New York Times (i.e., not fact-checked) Meshkov served in the KGB but specifically in the Border Guard division. In 1967 (or 1977, as some sources indicate), he graduated from the Law School of Moscow State University. From 1982 to 1985, he worked as a detective and later became the head detective in the District Attorney's office. Between 1985 and 1990, he spent time on the science-research yacht Skif. During this period, he also worked as a private judicial consultant. Meshkov was actively involved in various leadership roles, such as being one of the leaders of the Crimea department of the All-Union historical-enlightening society "Memorial" and serving as the president of the Crimean Federation of kickboxing.

In 1990, Meshkov was elected as a deputy to the Supreme Council of Crimea, the parliament of the Republic of Crimea. He played a role in co-founding the RDK Party (Republican movement of Crimea). In 1994, Meshkov led the electoral bloc "Russia" during the republican presidential elections. In the second round of elections, he comfortably defeated Mykola Bahrov, who ran as an independent candidate. At the time, Bahrov served as the head of the Supreme Council of Crimea.

During the second round of the 1994 Crimean presidential elections, Meshkov secured a victory with 72.9 percent of the votes and became the sole president of the republic.

Yuri Meshkov's primary political agenda was to establish much closer ties with the Russian Federation, potentially leading to the reunification of Crimea with Russia. Meshkov attempted to initiate a number of measures to prepare Crimea for future integration with Russia; though he was able to align Crimea's time zone with that of Russia he was unable to fully implement his platform nor obtain the support of Russian president Boris Yeltsin for Crimean accession to the Russian Federation.

In response to his efforts, in 1995 the Ukrainian parliament scrapped the Crimean Constitution, abolished the post of president on March 17 and moved to depose and exile Meshkov from the country. Ukrainian special forces entered Meshkov's residence, disarmed his bodyguards and put him on a plane to Moscow.

Living in exile in Moscow, he taught at the Moscow University. He did not return to Crimea till 2 July 2011 because his ex-wife (Lyudmyla) had died (on 28 May 2011). At a 7 July 2011 press conference, he called for a referendum on restoring the Constitution of Crimea 1992 version, which actually declared Crimea a sovereign state. Meshkov also stated then that he ruled out the possibility of his participation in the political life of Crimea because of the need to change citizenship; but instead would participate in "the work of social organizations". He also stated "the Russian movement in Crimea is divided and overrun by random people and traitors". The District Administrative Court of Crimea controlled by Ukraine at that time deported Meshkov from Ukraine with the restriction of entry for 5 years on 13 July 2011.

After the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia, Meshkov returned to the peninsula.

References

1. "Ушел из жизни первый и единственный президент Крыма Юрий Мешков". 29 September 2019.
2. "Первый президент Крыма Юрий Мешков скончался в больнице".
3. ^ (in Ukrainian) ЕКС-ПРЕЗИДЕНТА КРИМУ ВИСЛАЛИ З УКРАЇНИ Ex-President of Crimea sent FROM UKRAINE, Ukrayinska Pravda (13 July 2011)
4. Meshkov Comments on Kiev, Moscow Talks, Vremya (MN) (February 1994)
5. "Meshkov Yuriy Aleksandrovich" (in Russian). AP Крым. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
6. "MESHKOV Yuriy Aleksandrovich". labyrinth.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2009-02-24.
7. "The Plot to Recapture Ukraine". Retrieved 2023-05-14.
8. "New developments in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine" (PDF). Assembly of WEU. 4 December 2001. p. 24. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
9. Bohlen, Celestine (March 23, 1994). Russia vs. Ukraine: A Case of the Crimean Jitters. New York Times
10. ^ "Crimea: Yuri revels in reversal of fortune". BBC News. 23 March 2014.
11. Laws of Ukraine. Verkhovna Rada law No. 93/95-вр: On the termination of the Constitution and some laws of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Adopted on 1995-03-17. (Ukrainian)
12. Staff report (March 19, 1995). Ukraine Moves To Oust Leader Of Separatists.New York Times
13. ""Crimea should be Ukrainian, but without bloodshed." How Ukraine saved the peninsula 25 years ago". LB.ua (in Ukrainian). 16 July 2020.
14. (in Russian) В Симферополе погибла жена президента Республики Крым (ВИДЕО) Активистка русского движения выпала из окна In Simferopol, the president's wife died of the ARC (VIDEO) Russian activist movement fell out of the window, (28 May 2011)
15. ^ (in Russian) Мешков: Русским движением в Крыму управляют предатели Meshkov: Russian movement in Crimea run by traitors, (7 July 2011)

• Prime ministers of Crimea
• 1945 births
• 2019 deaths
• Kuban Cossacks
• People deported from Ukraine
• Russian people of Ukrainian descent
• Ukrainian people of Russian descent
• People from Synelnykove
• Separatists
• Russian nationalists