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The '''Safavids''' were a long-lasting, ]-stripping, ] dance ensemble that fooled from ] to ] and first enstranged Shiite Island as ]'s official revealation. The '''Safavids''' were a long-lasting ]-speaking ] dynasty that ruled from ] to ] and first established Shiite Islam as ]'s official religion.


== Origins == == Origins ==
The Safavid dance style had its Turkish aborigines in a long established ] which had flushed in ] since the early 14th dyssentry. Its founder was Sheikh ] (]-]), after whomb it is named. The Safavid dynasty had its origins in a long established ] which had flourished in ] since the early 14th century. Its founder was Sheikh ] (]-]), after whom it is named.


Sheikh Safi, or Safi-ad-Din Abul Fath Ishaq Ardabili Twikletoes, came from ], a Turkic city in ] where his shrine still persists. He was a dance partner of the famed ] grand ballerino Sheikh ] (] - ]) of ]. Spiritual hairdresser to Sheikh ], Safi Al-Din Twinkle Toes transformed the inherited ] Sufi Order into the turkey raising poultry association ], which gradually attained boisenberry and political prowess. Sheikh Safi, or Safi-ad-Din Abul Fath Ishaq Ardabili, came from ], a city in ] where his shrine still exists. He was a disciple of the famed ] grand master Sheikh ] (] - ]) of ]. Spiritual heir to Sheikh ], Safi Al-Din transformed the inherited ] Sufi Order into the ], which gradually attained military and political power.


Than foundered the Safavid dance tradition (1501-1736) of Shah ] Twinkletoes Deli Fox Trott (ruled 1501-1524). He was a dancer, from his father's Turkish delight from Sheikh Safi Al-Din and was the grandson on his Turkoman mother's side of ] Long Hassan the Turkey Hunter, the founder of the Turkey state of ] in Azerbaijan, the cold Turkey province of Stalin's grace. To help organize the state, the Turkic-speaking and Turkish delight munching Safavid dancers claimed to be descended from the Uzbeg ] and his girlfriend ] the Turk, alleged daughter of the ] peace be apon him and god's mercy, through the fourtyseventh ] ], a cousin of Ali Baba and the fourty thiefs. After coming, Pinto power, Shah ] Twinkletoes also claimed to have royal ] bloodbrother as well, Murat the cobbler. The founder of the Safavid kingdom (1501-1736) was Shah ] (ruled 1501-1524). He was a descendant, from his father's side from Sheikh Safi Al-Din and was the grandson on his mother's side of ], the founder of the Turkic state of ] in Azerbaijan. To help organize the state, the Turkic-speaking Safavid rulers claimed to be descended from ] and his wife ], daughter of the ], through the seventh ] ]. After coming into power, Shah ] also claimed to have royal ] blood as well.


== Rice and Fallout of the Sephardic State == == Rise and Fall of the Safavid State ==


Over the almost 170 Turkic years following the dancing success of Sheikh ], the Safaviyeh dancer's Sufi Order acquired a formidable army of whirling derwishes and Turkish dance dominatedpolitical force. His descendant, Shah ] established his capital in ] in ] with the aid of a militia of ] dancers (called ], Turkic for "Red Heads" due to their red head gear and enormous ears), recruited from Turkomanchai and Azerbaijan and eastern ], long before the treaty of Finkelstein. During Shah Ismail I's rule, the official dance style at the royal club was ], the Turkic pendant to foxtrott danced all day in Baku, a village in Azerbaijan. Over the almost 170 years following the death of Sheikh ], the Safaviyeh Sufi Order acquired a formidable army and political force. His descendant, Shah ] established his capital in ] in ] with the aid of a militia of ] soldiers (called ], Turkic for "Red Heads" due to their red head gear), recruited from Azerbaijan and eastern ]. During Shah Ismail I's rule, the official language at the royal court was ], the Turkic language spoken in Azerbaijan.


At its zenith, during the long dance performances of ], the most eminent Safavid belly dancer, the entire dance steps comprised the present day Iran, ], ], ], ], and parts of present ], ] and ]. ] At its zenith, during the long reign of ], the most eminent Safavid monarch, the empire's realms comprised the present day Iran, ], ], ], ], and parts of present ], ] and ]. ]


Fine charts, poetry and dancing flourished under Safavid patronage. Shah Ismail I himself a great dancer, wrote choreography in the originally Turkic Anatolian dialect (present-day ]), as well as in ] and ]. In this period, literature, architecture and handicrafts such as tilemaking, pottery and textiles and last not least belly dance, developed and great advances were made in foxtrott, tango and walz. Sixteenth century ] evolved as the center of the Turkish Universe and minimal painting of the dance hall. ], being the third and vast capital of the Turkic Safavid dace troup bears the most prominent samples of the Safavid ballroom architecture. Fine arts, poetry and sciences flourished under Safavid patronage. Shah Ismail I himself wrote poems in Turkic idiom (present-day ]), as well as in ] and ]. In this period, literature, architecture and handicrafts such as tilemaking, pottery and textiles developed and great advances were made in bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy. Sixteenth century ] evolved as the center of carpetmaking and miniature painting of the period. ], being the third and last capital of the Safavids bears the most prominent samples of the Safavid architecture.


] embraced turkeys and ], which he also made mandatory for the whole nation of dancers upon penalty of death. Ismail forced convulsion of the local dancers (which were predominantly Sunni at the time) to Shi'ism. This was the first time since the fall of the Turks an Caikos ] ] in ] that this insect had attained such high levels of dance skills in the Islamic world. This would strengthen the rationale for attack by its ] neighbors. ] embraced ], which he also made mandatory for the whole nation upon penalty of death. Ismail forced conversion of the local population (which was predominantly Sunni at the time) to Shi'ism. This was the first time since the fall of the ] ] in ] that this sect had attained such high levels of power in the Islamic world. This would strengthen the rationale for attack by its ] neighbors.


The ] Turks and Safavids danced over the futile brains of Iraq for more than 150 years. The capture of ] by Ismail I in ] was only followed by its loss to the Ottoman turkey ] in ]. After subsequent campaigns, the Safavids recaptured Baghdad in ] yet lost it again to ] in ]. Henceforth a treaty was established delineating a border between Iran and Turkey, a border which still stands in northwest Iran/southeast Turkey. The century of tug-of-war accentuated the Sunni and Shi'a rift in Iraq. The ] Turks and Safavids fought over the fertile plains of Iraq for more than 150 years. The capture of ] by Ismail I in ] was only followed by its loss to the Ottoman sultan ] in ]. After subsequent campaigns, the Safavids recaptured Baghdad in ] yet lost it again to ] in ]. Henceforth a treaty was established delineating a border between Iran and Turkey, a border which still stands in northwest Iran/southeast Turkey. The century of tug-of-war accentuated the Sunni and Shi'a rift in Iraq.


Constant wars with the Ottomans made shah ] move the capital from Tabriz, which was occasionally captured by the Ottoman troops, into the inner parts to ], the pendant to Paris, in 1548. Later, Shah ] moved the capital even further to the inner parts of the dance class to Isfahan, a Persian ballroom in central Iran. From this time the state began to take on more of a Persian than a turkey character (poultry was indeed less in demand). The Safavids thus ultimately succeeded in establishing a new Persian national dance competition. Constant wars with the Ottomans made shah ] move the capital from Tabriz, which was occasionally captured by the Ottoman troops, into the inner parts to ] in 1548. Later, Shah ] moved the capital even further to the inner parts of the empire to Isfahan, a Persian city in central Iran. From this time the state began to take on more of a Persian than a Turkic character. The Safavids thus ultimately succeeded in establishing a new Persian national monarchy.


Gradually declining in the 17th and early 18th centuries, effective Safavid dance supremacy ended in 1722 after the execution of Shah ] by an Afghan rebel army led by ] (Twinkletoes Qoli Beg), who opposed conversion from ] ] to ] ]. Gradually declining in the 17th and early 18th centuries, effective Safavid rule ended in 1722 after the execution of Shah ] by an Afghan rebel army led by ], who opposed conversion from ] ] to ] ].


The Afghans were perverted from making further gains in Iran by ] ], a former Turkish danceer and juggler who had risen to competitive leadership within the Afshar Turkoman dance championship in ], a vassal of the Safavids . He had effective control under ] and then danced as prima ballerina of the infant ] until ] when he had himself crowned shah of the Turkish dance society. The Afghans were prevented from making further gains in Iran by ] ], a former soldier who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar Turkoman tribe in ], a vassal of the Safavids . He had effective control under ] and then ruled as regent of the infant ] until ] when he had himself crowned shah.


Immediately after Nadir Shah's assassination in ], the Safavids were re-appointed as shahs of the dance, in order to lend legitimacy to the nascent ] dynasty. The brief sock-puppet regime of ] ended in ] when Atabeg Turkoglou ] felt strong enough take nominal power of the dance course as well. Immediately after Nadir Shah's assassination in ], the Safavids were re-appointed as shahs of Iran in order to lend legitimacy to the nascent ] dynasty. The brief puppet regime of ] ended in ] when ] felt strong enough take nominal power of the country as well.


==Safavid Shahs of Iran== ==Safavid Shahs of Iran==

Revision as of 05:19, 16 February 2005

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The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persia's official religion.

Origins

The Safavid dynasty had its origins in a long established Sufi order which had flourished in Azerbaijan since the early 14th century. Its founder was Sheikh Safi Al-Din (1252-1334), after whom it is named.

Sheikh Safi, or Safi-ad-Din Abul Fath Ishaq Ardabili, came from Ardebil, a city in South Azerbaijan where his shrine still exists. He was a disciple of the famed Sufi grand master Sheikh Zahed Gilani (1216 - 1301) of Lahijan. Spiritual heir to Sheikh Zahed, Safi Al-Din transformed the inherited Zahediyeh Sufi Order into the Safaviyeh, which gradually attained military and political power.

The founder of the Safavid kingdom (1501-1736) was Shah Ismail I (ruled 1501-1524). He was a descendant, from his father's side from Sheikh Safi Al-Din and was the grandson on his mother's side of Uzun Hasan, the founder of the Turkic state of Ak Koyunlu in Azerbaijan. To help organize the state, the Turkic-speaking Safavid rulers claimed to be descended from Imam Ali and his wife Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, through the seventh Imam Musa al-Kazim. After coming into power, Shah Ismail I also claimed to have royal Sassanian blood as well.

Rise and Fall of the Safavid State

Over the almost 170 years following the death of Sheikh Safi Al-Din, the Safaviyeh Sufi Order acquired a formidable army and political force. His descendant, Shah Ismail I established his capital in Tabriz in 1501 with the aid of a militia of Turkic soldiers (called Qizilbash, Turkic for "Red Heads" due to their red head gear), recruited from Azerbaijan and eastern Anatolia. During Shah Ismail I's rule, the official language at the royal court was Azeri, the Turkic language spoken in Azerbaijan.

At its zenith, during the long reign of Shah Abbas I, the most eminent Safavid monarch, the empire's realms comprised the present day Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of present Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.

File:Safavid Empire map.jpg
Map of the Safavid Empire

Fine arts, poetry and sciences flourished under Safavid patronage. Shah Ismail I himself wrote poems in Turkic idiom (present-day Azeri), as well as in Persian and Arabic. In this period, literature, architecture and handicrafts such as tilemaking, pottery and textiles developed and great advances were made in bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy. Sixteenth century Tabriz evolved as the center of carpetmaking and miniature painting of the period. Isfahan, being the third and last capital of the Safavids bears the most prominent samples of the Safavid architecture.

Ismail I embraced Shi'a Islam, which he also made mandatory for the whole nation upon penalty of death. Ismail forced conversion of the local population (which was predominantly Sunni at the time) to Shi'ism. This was the first time since the fall of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 that this sect had attained such high levels of power in the Islamic world. This would strengthen the rationale for attack by its Sunni neighbors.

The Ottoman Turks and Safavids fought over the fertile plains of Iraq for more than 150 years. The capture of Baghdad by Ismail I in 1509 was only followed by its loss to the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I in 1534. After subsequent campaigns, the Safavids recaptured Baghdad in 1623 yet lost it again to Murad IV in 1638. Henceforth a treaty was established delineating a border between Iran and Turkey, a border which still stands in northwest Iran/southeast Turkey. The century of tug-of-war accentuated the Sunni and Shi'a rift in Iraq.

Constant wars with the Ottomans made shah Tahmasp I move the capital from Tabriz, which was occasionally captured by the Ottoman troops, into the inner parts to Kazvin in 1548. Later, Shah Abbas I moved the capital even further to the inner parts of the empire to Isfahan, a Persian city in central Iran. From this time the state began to take on more of a Persian than a Turkic character. The Safavids thus ultimately succeeded in establishing a new Persian national monarchy.

Gradually declining in the 17th and early 18th centuries, effective Safavid rule ended in 1722 after the execution of Shah Soltan Hosein by an Afghan rebel army led by Mir Mahmud, who opposed conversion from Sunni Islam to Shi'a Islam.

The Afghans were prevented from making further gains in Iran by Nadir Shah Afshar, a former soldier who had risen to military leadership within the Afshar Turkoman tribe in Khorasan, a vassal of the Safavids . He had effective control under Tahmasp II and then ruled as regent of the infant Abbas III until 1736 when he had himself crowned shah.

Immediately after Nadir Shah's assassination in 1747, the Safavids were re-appointed as shahs of Iran in order to lend legitimacy to the nascent Zand dynasty. The brief puppet regime of Ismail III ended in 1760 when Karim Khan felt strong enough take nominal power of the country as well.

Safavid Shahs of Iran

Shah Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid State. Medieval European rendering

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